question

1) Holding a pencil to write or draw requires which of the following?

answer

Fine motor skills

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3) At what age is a child typically first able to run easily, climb on furniture unaided, pick up small objects, and throw a small ball while standing?

answer

5-6

question

4) Which of the following terms describes when the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex undergo functional specialization?

answer

lateralization

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5) Which of the following brain structures regulates attention and concentration?

answer

reticular formation

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6) Infantile amnesia is most likely due to which of the following?

answer

Maturation of the connections between the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex is probably responsible for our inability to remember much about the first 3 years of life.

question

7.) Which of the following is a suggestion made by pediatricians to help children develop effective bedtime practices?

answer

provide structured predictable bedtimes and stick to it everyday. 8-10 hours of sleep per day. Establish a bedtime routine and provide a stuffed animal

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9.) Which of the following is an example of a sociocultural influence that could make physical abuse of children more likely?

answer

The idea that children are property and don't have individual rights

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10.) According to Piaget, at about age two, children begin to use which of the following in their thinking?

answer

Symbols

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11.) When Mickey was five, he gave his mother a dead frog for her birthday. Mickey didn't understand why his mother didn't like her gift, because he thought the frog was cool. This represents what type of thinking?

answer

Egocentric

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12.) Sylvia loves to play with her toy telephone. When she holds the receiver to her face and calls "Hi!" she is engaging in which type of play?

answer

First pretend play

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13.) Which of the following is true according to Piaget's concept of conservation?

answer

its means that a child will not be fooled by an apparent change in volume if water is poured from a short, wide glass into a taller, thinner glass

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14.) A set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people's ideas, beliefs, desires, and behaviors is known by which of the following?

answer

Theory of mind

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15.) Evan is getting ready for bed. He knows that he must brush his teeth before putting on his pajamas. What is Evan demonstrating?

answer

Scripts

question

16.) A three-year-old child who uses language as a guide to solving problems, such as saying "Put it there" to himself as he builds a tower of blocks, is using which of the following?

answer

Private speech

question

17.) Which of the following terms describes a child's sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to his language?

answer

phonological awareness

question

18.) According to Erikson, a preschooler's development is centered on

answer

growing physical, cognitive, and social skills

question

19.) The preschool years, from age two to age six, include which two of Erikson's stages of development?

answer

autonomy vs shame and doubt initiative vs guilt

question

20.) Which of the following is a central theme that emerges from both Freud's and Erikson's view of development during the preschool period?

answer

bodily control and parental relationships

question

21.) Children who are able to classify other people into groups such as "people who are nice" and "people who are mean" are demonstrating which of the following?

answer

person perception

question

22.) Which of the following best summarizes young children's understanding of intentions?

answer

they know they will be in more trouble if they meant it

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23.) What is the term that describes a child's ability to cheer themselves up when they are sad or calm themselves when they are angry?

answer

emotional regulation

question

24.) Tyler saw that his mother was upset. He toddled over to her and tried to hand her his bottle, as if to comfort her. Hoffman would say that Tyler is demonstrating which of the following?

answer

egocentric empathy

question

25.) Guilt, shame, and pride are all examples of which of the following?

answer

moral emotions

question

26.) According to Freud, which of the following plays a key role in children's development of a gender role concept and a sex role?

answer

process of identification

question

27.) Deion tells his mother that he will always be a boy and can never be a girl. This is an illustration of Deion's grasp of what principle?

answer

Gender constancy

question

28.) Multicultural studies have found similar gender stereotypes across cultures. Which of the following is a common gender stereotype for women?

answer

soft heartedness

question

29.) Which of the following is an accurate statement about cross-gender behavior in childhood?

answer

Adults may disapprove of boys' cross-gender behavior because they fear it will lead to homosexuality.

question

30.) Which of the following is an accurate statement about the attachment relationships of children in early childhood

answer

Four- and five-year-olds who are securely attached to their parents are more likely than insecurely attached children to have positive relationships with their preschool teachers.

question

31.) The parenting style that is high in nurturance and low in maturity demands, control, and communication is

answer

Permissive Parenting Style

question

32.) According to research, which parental characteristic is most consistently related to children's secure attachments, altruistic and empathetic behaviors, and school achievements?

answer

Authoritative

question

33.) Which parenting style is associated with the most socially competent children?

answer

Authoritative

question

34.) Which of the following might contribute to neglecting or uninvolved parenting?

answer

mother may be depressed or distracted by other activities

question

35. Which of the following is a negative consequence of spanking as a form of discipline?

answer

models pain as a way of getting what you want. Results in higher aggression

question

36. Which of the following terms applies to thinking about how to think?

answer

metacognition

question

37. To help herself remember the items she was to get from the market, Anna repeated the five-item list over and over under her breath. This is an example of which information-processing strategy?

answer

rehearsal

question

38. A skill that is especially related to learning to read well in middle childhood is

answer

phonological awareness

question

39. During the middle childhood years, the main focus of education is on which of the following?

answer

ability to read and write, literacy

question

40. Which type of tests is designed to access specific information that is learned at school?

answer

achievement test

question

41. Which of the following types of intelligence allows one to develop good social skills?

answer

interpersonal

question

42. Robert Sternberg would say that a child who knows he is expected to shake hands with adults, but not necessarily his peers, has what type of intelligence?

answer

contextual

question

43. According to your textbook, which is the most frequent reason parents cite when they choose to homeschool their children?

answer

parents believe they can do better job, and religious based learning

question

44. A child who has academic and behavioral problems in school because he or she is more physically active and/or less attentive than peers may be classified as having which of the following?

answer

ADHD

question

45. Which of the following accurately reflects Freud's view of development in middle childhood?

answer

to form emotional bonds with peers and to move beyond those developed with parents

question

46. What is the crisis of middle childhood according to Erikson?

answer

industry versus inferiority

question

47. According to Erikson, children resolve the psychosocial task of middle childhood through their

answer

school relationships

question

48. Which of the following best defines self-efficacy?

answer

belief in one's capacity to cause an intended event to occur or to perform a task

question

49. Which of the following refers to children's global self-evaluation, which includes factors such as how well they like themselves or how happy they are?

answer

self esteem

question

50. Which of the following is a major influence in a child's self esteem?

answer

mental comparisons of one's idea of self and real self, also their feeling of support; the general support the child feels from her parents, peers and others ??

question

51. According to your text, which of the following is the key to self-esteem?

answer

amount of difference between what a child desires and what he has achieved ??

question

52. According to Piaget's ideas about children's moral development, a child who knows that the players of a game can change the rules as long as all the children agree to play by the new rules is demonstrating moral development at which stage?

answer

moral relativism

question

53. During the middle-childhood years, disciplinary interactions with parents typically decrease because a child is more capable of which of the following?

answer

self regulation

question

54. In what way might only children have an advantage over children who have siblings?

answer

they are likely to show higher cognitive development and higher levels of academic achievement

question

55. During the later years of middle childhood, the key element of children's friendships becomes

answer

reciprocal trust

question

56. If you ask a preschooler how people make friends, which of the following answers are you likely to receive?

answer

play together ???

question

57. Which of the following seems to be the most important factor in selection of friends among 6- to 12-year-olds?

answer

trust, emotional support, loyalty

question

58. Of the following, which is an example of controlling speech used among middle childhood boys?

answer

rejecting comments, ordering, manipulating, challenging, defiance, refutation, or resistance of another's attempt to control

question

59. Of the following, which is an accurate description of the patterns of aggression observable among children in middle childhood?

answer

aggression decreases but is still very present with boys ??

question

60. Psychologists have begun to believe that girls may not be less aggressive than boys, but rather that girls may express themselves by using which form of aggression?

answer

relational aggression

question

61. Cecelia rolled her eyes in disgust when Carrie walked up to the group and began to speak. Cecelia was using which of the following?

answer

Relational aggression i think ?

question

62. Which of the following children would be least likely to be rejected or neglected by peers in middle childhood?

answer

attractive and physically larger kids that are popular

question

63. Although aggressive children tend to be disliked by their peers, they are usually considered to be

answer

more popular with boys, more rejected with girls

question

64. Which of the following is a descriptive characteristic of American children who are most likely to live in poverty?

answer

more illness,undernourished, low IQ, move through piaget stages slowly, low school performance, come from single parent families

question

67. Younger children spend the most time on computers doing which of the following activities?

answer

Playing games

question

68) Which of the following best defines adolescence?

answer

The transitional period between childhood and adulthood

question

69) During a growth spurt what are likely to grow first?

answer

Hands and feet

question

70) Which gland prompts the release of hormones from the other endocrine glands?

answer

Pituitary

question

71) Which of the following best defines menarche?

answer

Beginning of menstrual cycle.

question

72) Which of the following is an example of changes in secondary sex characteristics during puberty?

answer

Breast development in girls, changing voice pitch and beard growth in boys, growth of body hair for both.

question

73) Which of the following statements about menarche is correct?

answer

Menarche happens after the peak of the adolescent growth spurt.

question

74) Which of the following groups is more likely to have a negative body image, get into trouble at school and with peers, and engage in delinquent behavior?

answer

girls who experience body change before 10

question

75) Which of the following factors is most likely to influence whether or not teens become sexually active across cultures?

answer

Social factors

question

76) Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual activity is correct?

answer

Teens who are involved in sports or after-school activities have lower rates of sexual activity than teens who do not participate in such activities.

question

77) Which of the following statements about teen pregnancy is true?

answer

Pregnancy is most likely to happen after a girl leaves high school.

question

78) Which of the following statements best summarizes the research as to the causes of homosexuality?

answer

the research does not clearly point to either genetics or enviornment, but rather indicates that sexual orientation is a result of both genetic and enviornmental factors

question

79) Which of the following terms applies to a person whose psychological gender does not match their biological sex?

answer

Transgendered

question

80) Among teenagers, what is the most commonly used substance?

answer

Alcohol

question

81) Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

answer

sleep disturbance, intensity of pain, less hair, lower bp, cardiovascular problems, lower body temperature, sensation of menstruation is lower

question

82) The eating disorder bulimia nervosa is characterized by

answer

intense concern about weight combined with twice weekly or more frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging through self-induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives, excessive exercising

question

83) Use of laxatives, exercise, and vomiting are most closely associated with which of the following?

answer

Bulimia Nervosa

question

84) Which of the following terms describes an excessive need for control of the environment?

answer

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

question

85) Why are girls less likely to complete suicide?

answer

Girls attempted poisonings that don't often work

question

86) Which of the following represents Erikson's central crisis of adolescence?

answer

identity versus role confusion

question

87) Erikson used which of the following terms to refer to the period when an adolescent is troubled by a lack of identity?

answer

Identity Crisis

question

88) According to Erikson, why do teenagers identify with peer groups?'

answer

To have a secure base as they begin the identity development process

question

89) Marcia's theory of adolescent identity achievement suggests that adolescent identity formation has two key parts. What are they?

answer

A crisis and a commitment

question

90)Juanita is planning to go to nursing school because her parents work at the local clinic. She has never even considered other options. Juanita is in which stage of identity development, according to James Marcia?

answer

commitment

question

91) Which of the following might be an advantage of cultures that have clearly identified rites of passage into adulthood?

answer

teenagers are able to establish a clear transition from childhood to adulthood

question

92) Which of the following statements is true regarding teenagers as they progress through adolescence?

answer

They increasingly define themselves in terms of enduring traits, beliefs, moral standards, or personal philosophies

question

93) Mac is noted for baking the best cheesecake in town and is also the person everyone calls when their car won't start. Mac can comfort a crying child and fix a flat tire with equal competence. Mac's gender role identity is most likely

answer

androgynous

question

94) Which of the following terms would be applied to someone who is low in masculinity and femininity?

answer

undifferentiated

question

95) Ben's friend Muhammed broke a window and consequently was punished. Ben said that Muhammed was bad because he had been punished. This would indicate that Ben was at which level and stage of moral reasoning?

answer

Stage 1 Punishment and Obedience Orientation

question

96) Carolina tries to behave well so that she can avoid being punished for anything. She is also polite and friendly so that everyone will like her. Carolina is most likely at which level of moral reasoning?

answer

Level one - preconventional

question

97) Dr. Gardner provides his history class with a syllabus that outlines the rules and procedures the class will follow to ensure a comfortable environment for all. Dr. Gardner emphasizes that if the rules seem unfair or cause a hardship, he is willing to negotiate new rules. This philosophy of class management is most consistent with which stage of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?

answer

Stage 6 the universal ethical principles orientation

question

Which of the following refers to the ability to look at a situation from another person's perspective?

answer

Role taking

question

99) Which of the following characteristics is both a cause and a consequence of moral development according to Nancy Eisenberg?

answer

Empathy

question

100) Which of the following best summarizes the importance of parental-teen relationships across cultures?

answer

Needs parents to provide psychological safe base

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