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If we ask everyone in the class to describe the personalities of everyone else they know in the class, and then use these data to form a theory about the personality of college students, we are using

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induction

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In personality psychology, why are males and females studied as separate groups?

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To find and understand differences in personality between males and females

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A correlation coefficient is a mathematical index of

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both C and D

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Nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the study of personality are different in that

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nomothetic approaches tend to be more general, while idiographic focus on the unique Nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the study of personality are different in that of the individual.

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The term temperament, as used in personality psychology, refers to

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an individual's characteristic emotional and motivational nature.

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The roots of modern personality psychology can be traced to developments in the 19th century biological sciences based on the work of

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C. Darwin.

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If a theory is classified as "falsifiable," this means that the theory

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could be shown to be false by some type(s) of data.

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With respect to unconscious forces, personality psychology as a field

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struggles to understand how and to what extent unconscious forces play a role in human behavior.

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What is the definition of the inductive approach?

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Reasoning from data obtained by observation to theory

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An early supporter of psychological testing (and where much testing is still conducted) was

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the U.S. Armed Forces.

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The Gestalt tradition emphasized the idea that

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"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

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Roots of personality psychology can be traced to the theater because

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only A and C

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A nomothetic approach to personality

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seeks to formulate general law

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Personality psychology asks the question:

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all of the above

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According to Allport, what is the method by which personality should be studied?

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Idiographic

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Which of the following are accurate ways of assessing personality?

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none of the above

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A high, negative correlation between sleep deprivation and anxiety would indicate that

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the more sleep deprived a person is, the less likely he/she is to be anxious.

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If you read of a new "finding" in the newspaper one morning but noticed that only Caucasian subjects from Seattle were used in the experiment you might not give a lot of credibility to the study. This would be because of possible __________ limitations.

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generalizability

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In the 19th century, an important individual in the origin of personality psychology was

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Darwin.

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Gestalt psychologists hold a fundamental belief that

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people are more than the sum of their parts.

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An approach to personality would be called nomothetic if

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it seeks to formulate laws that hold across individuals.

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Advances in the field of biological science

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have helped researchers to think more clearly about what personality is.

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When two personality measures are negatively correlated

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none of the above

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Of the eight perspectives discussed in your text, which of the following is NOT true?

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Very few of the perspectives are still regarded as useful.

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Darwin's evolutionary theory influenced the development of the field of personality psychology through

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the idea that people are subject to the laws of nature, like other animals.

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Research suggests that pets

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have personalities that different people may agree on.

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Which of the following statements is true of the unconscious?

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Personality psychology struggles to understand how and to what extent the unconscious plays a role in behavior

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Personality psychology that is focused on the study of individual cases is termed

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idiographic.

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Statistics are useful to personality psychologists because

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all of the above

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If you read your horoscope in the morning newspaper and feel strongly that it is a personal message about how to conduct your day, you may be experiencing the

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Barnum Effect.

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Margaret Mead's view on the role of culture in personality was influenced by her findings from several different cultures that

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in some cultures, both the males and the females had the characteristics that our culture identifies as "masculine."

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An early representation of personality psychology can be traced back to what?

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Theater

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Which term applies to the tendency to believe that vague generalities are a good description of one's personality?

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The Barnum effect

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A good theory is everything EXCEPT

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tautological.

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How might personality psychology best be defined?

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scientific study of what makes each of us unique

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The notion that there are personality "types," clusters of characteristics that tend to occur together,

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can be traced back to the ancient Greeks, at least.

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The Barnum Effect refers to the tendency to

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believe vague generalities about one's own personality.

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Which of the following most emphasized the importance of life-span, longitudinal study of personality?

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Murray

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Of the following, which is NOT a source of personality theory?

answer

conduction

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