Principles of Public Speaking – Vol 2 – Flashcards
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Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience?
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Showing concern for high-order values and principles
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A speech with a catchy introduction, a strong ending, and a lackluster body is said to suffer from which of the following?
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Mid-speech sag
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If a person is delivering a speech with evidence, which of the following factors will most likely make the speech more effective?
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Naturalness and conversational quality
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The perception held by listeners regarding a speaker's qualifications is referred to as which of the following?
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Credibility
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Which of the following terms is used for verbal and nonverbal cues that show what audience members think about a speaker?
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Audience feedback
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Which of the following questions should be considered when evaluating the organization of a speech?
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Does the speaker state a goal for the speech?
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Organizing the main points of a speech based on an object's structure is referred to as which of the following types of patterns?
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Spatial
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Which of the following refers to the act of paying attention to what a speaker says despite distractions?
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Attending
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Which mode of delivery is most suitable when a speaker does not have time to prepare a speech in advance?
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Impromptu
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Which of the following refers to an audience analysis based on factors such as audience size, time of day, and physical setting?
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Situational audience analysis
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Which of the following patterns of organization is appropriate for a speaker who needs to grab the attention of the audience at the beginning of a speech?
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Anticlimactic structure
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A speech topic is considered appropriate for an audience when it can be characterized by which of the following?
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Interesting and relevant
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Which of the following would be most appropriate for a speech attempting to persuade listeners that the school day should be lengthened?
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Problem-solution pattern
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Narratives, expert testimonies, blood tests, and statistics are examples of which of the following?
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Supporting materials
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Which of the following amendments to the U.S. Constitution relates to freedom of speech?
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First Amendment .
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The process of evaluating and judging the positive and negative aspects of a speech is referred to as which of the following?
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Criticism
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of memorizing an oral presentation?
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Difficult to recover from mistakes
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When all points on an outline use the same grammatical structure, the outline is adhering to which of the following principles?
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Principle of parallelism
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The fallacy of attacking a person instead of a disputed issue is referred to as which of the following?
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Ad hominem
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Which of the following is often used to allow audience members to consider a concept during a speech?
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Silent pauses
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Which of the following will most likely be achieved in a speech by avoiding redundancies and unnecessary words?
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Clarity
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The actions that a speaker takes after analyzing an audience are referred to by which of the following terms?
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Audience adaptation
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Which of the following should be carefully written because it is the basis for a well-organized speech?
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Specific speech goal
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A speech about Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps that is divided into his three most successful events — freestyle, butterfly, and relay — would be best organized according to which of the following patterns?
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Topical
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A discrepancy between the truth and information given by a speaker that leads to public skepticism is referred to as which of the following?
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Credibility gap
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Which of the following is a primary reason for narrowing a speech topic?
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Improve research efficiency
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Which of the following may be affected by vocalized pauses during a public speech?
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Speaker credibility
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Unethical speakers who overstate the importance of an issue are using which of the following?
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Hyperbole
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A speaker who provides a four-sentence example about Rick Swenson, the five-time winner of the Iditarod Dog Race, is using which of the following?
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Extended, actual example
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According to Alan Monroe's motivated sequence pattern, which of the following is the third step of the sequence?
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Satisfaction
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By tailoring a speech to a specific audience, a speaker will most likely increase which of the following?
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Credibility of the message
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A speech thesis should be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
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Be neutral and broad
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Which of the following best describes the Toulmin model?
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A system for analyzing arguments
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Which of the following purposes would most likely categorize topics such as "What are the effects of drug laws?" and "What impact does exercise have on life expectancy?"
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Informative speech .
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Which of the following would most likely help establish a speaker-audience-topic relationship?
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Compliment the audience
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When using testimony in a speech, which of the following characteristics of an expert is most important to establish with the audience?
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Competency
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Which of the following best explains why the meaning of a message cannot be the same for the speaker and the listener?
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Each has a different frame of reference
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Which of the following would be most suitable for a speaker with a Southern drawl who is addressing an audience of New Yorkers?
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Slow down the speech rate
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Adding age or race designations to a description of a person is referred to as which of the following?
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Marking
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Which of the following demographic elements has the greatest effect on political interest and participation in community affairs?
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Education
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When organizing the body of a speech, a writer should do which of the following?
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Select two, three, or four main points
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In a response to critics in 1864, Abraham Lincoln said: Gentlemen, suppose all the property you were worth was in gold, and you had put it in the hands of Blondin to carry across the Niagara River on a rope, would you shake the cable, or keep shouting out to him - 'Blondin, stand up a little straighter - Blondin, stoop a little more - go a little faster - lean a little more to the north - lean a little more to the south?' No, you would hold your breath as well as your tongue, and keep your hands off until he was safe over. The Government are carrying an immense weight. Untold treasures are in their hands. They are doing the very best they can. Don't badger them. Keep silence, and we'll get you safe across. This excerpt provides an example of Lincoln's attempt to do which of the following?
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Use an analogy to compare the difficulties faced by a tightrope walker and the government
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Which of the following is most likely used by individuals who travel across the country giving speeches for money as part of a lecture circuit?
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Memorized mode
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The amount of time spent discussing an idea in a speech is referred to as which of the following?
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Proportion
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Failing to cite sources used in a speech and presenting the ideas as your own is known by which of the following terms?
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Plagiarism
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A time-sequence organizational pattern would be appropriate for which of the following speech topics?
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How do you make a homemade piecrust?
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Which of the following would be suitable for a speaker who wants to make a speculation about the future?
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Hypothetical example
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Which of the following methods of reducing speech apprehension involves learning relaxation techniques and imagining stressful situations?
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Systematic desensitization
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Which of the following is the most effective way to listen actively during a speech?
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Take good notes during the speech
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of speech criticism?
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Provide feedback and give suggestions
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Which of the following is the most effective way to evaluate a speech?
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Provide specific comments with examples
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Which of the following may negatively affect the delivery of a speech?
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Making gestures below the waist
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A very brief statement that focuses audience attention on a key idea is referred to as which of the following?
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Signpost
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Which of the following types of reasoning would be most suitable for speeches related to public policies, such as "gun control will reduce violent crimes in America" and "school vouchers will improve U.S. public schools"?
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Analogical reasoning
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Which of the following should a speaker do when adapting a speech to an unwilling audience?
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Integrate humor and interesting statistics into the speech
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"To inform my audience of the recent progress in cancer research" is an example of which of the following?
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Specific purpose
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Which component of a speech should be organized and created first?
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Body
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A speech that concludes with the notion that unethical lawyers are common in the United States because numerous attorneys have been convicted recently of fraud is using which of the following methods of reasoning?
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Reasoning from specific instances
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Which of the following is a potential risk of using slang or jargon in a speech?
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Loss of speaker credibility
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Which of the following is considered a negative aspect of Internet research?
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Quality of information
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A person who becomes anxious during any type of public speech but is outgoing and dynamic among peers, strangers, and groups, most likely suffers from which of the following communication apprehensions?
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Context-based
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Taking advantage of which of the following will most likely improve a person's ability to evaluate a speech and take better notes?
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Thought speed
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The way in which words and syllables are accented refers to which of the following?
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Stress
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Which of the following elements is most important to consider when evaluating a persuasive speech?
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Reasoning and evidence
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The use of specialized language in a speech should be based upon which of the following?
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Audience analysis
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Which of the following is one of the primary goals of a speech conclusion?
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Reinforce audience understanding
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Which of the following is most likely the biggest error that beginning speakers make when selecting a speech topic?
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Trying to cover a large topic in a short time frame
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Which of the following tools would be most useful for a persuasive speaker who wants to learn listener attitudes before giving a speech?
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Audience questionnaire
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Which of the following is a potential benefit of an organized speech?
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Audiences perceive a speaker as competent
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A speaker who compares playing football with running a business is using which of the following to illustrate a point?
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Figurative analogy
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Which of the following refers to how a word or phrase arouses feelings of anger, love, fear, and guilt among listeners?
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Connotative meaning
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Which of the following indexes and abstracts articles from publications such as Newsweek, Scientific American, Psychology Today, and Sports Illustrated?
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General database
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What is the term used for generating speech topic ideas through the free association of words and concepts?
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Brainstorming
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An introduction that illustrates how a speech topic is in the listener's self-interest most likely includes which of the following?
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Personal reference
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Which of the following is a common cause of public speaking apprehension?
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Insufficient planning and preparation
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Which of the following terms refers to the evaluation of speech communication recommended by Aristotle?
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Rhetorical criticism
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Which of the following would be the best tool for finding information about federal laws and regulations associated with water pollution?
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Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe
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A deductive argument in which either the conclusion or a premise is implied instead of explicitly stated is referred to as which of the following?
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Enthymeme
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Which of the following ethical theories encourages public speakers to speak truthfully and use sound, supporting evidence?
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Credibility-centered ethics
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Which of the following should be avoided during a speech to ensure language clarity?
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Homophones
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What is the primary advantage of using research material from a monthly periodical instead of a book?
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Information is current
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Which of the following terms characterizes statements such as "all women are afraid of guns" or "all tall people excel at basketball"?
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Stereotyping
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The behavior that a speaker desires from listeners after giving a speech is referred to as which of the following?
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Appeal to action
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Which type of argument is being used in a statement such as "more people will travel this summer because the price of gas has fallen dramatically"?
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Argument from causation
