Praxis II 5002 – Flashcards
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Conjunction
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Word that joins 2 words or phrases
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Preposition
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Word that indicates direction or position, or connects 2 ideas. Ex. On, above, for, since, concerning, like, through
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Semantics
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Rules concerning the meaning of language Ex. Un break able - 3 morphemes
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Syntax
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Deals with structure of language Subject/Predicate
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Subject pronouns
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Take place of noun He, she, it, I , we, they
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Object pronoun
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Him, her, me, us, them
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Clause
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Collection of words with subject and verb. Ex. When the saints go marching in.
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Phrases
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Collection of words with no subject and/or verb. Ex. Smashing into the fence.
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Coordinating Conjunctions
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Connects 2 equal parts FANBOYS Accordingly, namely, again, also, instead, that is, therefore, finally
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Phonological awareness
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Understanding that words in a text are segmented into syllables.
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Phonics
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Understanding that sound and printed letters are connected
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Phonemic awareness
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Ability to manipulate sounds in spoken word. ALDS Alphabet principle Letter sound correspondence Decoding Syllabication
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Subordinate Conjunctions
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Connects two unequal parts of sentence (dependent and independent) Ex. Since, while, who, which, although, in order that, when, whenever, even though.
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Pragmatics
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Usage of language
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Verbs
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1. Action words 2. Linking verbs 3. Helping verbs
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Linking verb
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Connects subjects to additional information. (No action) Ex. Will is excited. She appears upset. He went red after falling.
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Phoneme segmentation
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M/A/T 3 sounds What is the first sound in cat?
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Phoneme identity
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Student can recognize same sounds in words. What sound is the same in mop, man, and mill?
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Phoneme categorization
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What word doesn't belong? Net, nap, rug.
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Orthographic
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VISUAL looking at a word or string of letters
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Phonological
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Sound of language
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Automaticity
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Student effortlessly processes, decodes, and understands words in a text. Ability to read without occupying the mind.
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Prosody
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Reading with expression
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Derivational
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Changes meaning DEconstruct ConstructION
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Inflection
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Doesn't change meaning of word Ex. EatING fastER cakeS
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Helping verb
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Paired with another verb to show tense. Ex. Anna will live in NYC. He is eating.
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Model helping verbs
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Can could May might Shall should Will would Must Ought to
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Subject vs. Object
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Subject tells what Object has the verb performed on it. Ex. Lisa enjoys playing music Lisa=subject Music=object
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Writing a research paper
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Find topic Research Determine which information is relevant Outline Draft
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Coherence in writing
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Are all my details related to the main idea?
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Direct object
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Who what ?
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Indirect object
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To whom, to what ?
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Emergent literacy
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Refers to the language development that occurs before a child can read or write words. These skills are developed from birth and include listening speaking memory recognizing pattern and rhyme print awareness critical thinking and the development of fine motor skills.
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Logo graphic foundation
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Reading of sight words which involve the use of visual cues.
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Qualitative
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Meaning and structure Clarity, knowledge demands, levels of meaning and purpose
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Quantitative
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Syntax and measured by computers
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Reader and task
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Cognitive ability, reading skills, motivation and engagement, prior knowledge, content and theme
