Praxis 1 – Flashcards
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Which of the following Roman principles has become a part of the legal system of the United States?
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Innocent until proven guilty.
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Why was the Roman Empire divided in half during the 3rd century A.D.?
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To make it easier to administer.
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Many small city-states developed in ancient Greece largely because __________.
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The Greek peninsula is divided by mountains and inlets that separated people.
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Which of the following is a major contribution of ancient Athens to Western civilization?
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democracy
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The Minoan culture, located on the island of Crete, __________.
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created the first written literature of the ancient world
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As a result of the Persian Wars of the 5th century B.C. __________.
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the influence of Athens increased in Greece
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The polis or city-state of ancient Greece was __________.
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a city and the agricultural lands surrounding it
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Which was the most important reason for the Greek colonization of the Mediterranean and Black Sea areas between 800 and 600 B.C.?
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a shortage of land for the growing population in greece
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Trade developed early and was very important to the people of Sumer because they __________.
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they lacked needed natural resources such as stone, wood, metal
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The civilization in Southwest Asia that lasted for the longest time was that of the __________.
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persian empire
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Cuneiform writing originated with the Sumerians about 5,300 years ago. The adoption of cuneiform writing by the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Hittites is an example of __________.
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cultural diffusion
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All of the following are necessary for a Neolithic culture to evolve into a civilization, EXCEPT __________.
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the development of a system of public education for the community
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The great pyramids at Giza are remarkable structures because __________.
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they were the most massive man-made structures until the 20th century
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The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed by who?
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Turks.
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Which was NOT a reason why the Emperor Constantine selected the ancient town of Byzantium as the site for his new capital of Constantinople?
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Its nearness to Rome would facilitate communications with the Western Empire.
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Three of the following were strengths which enabled the Byzantine Empire to last for over 1,000 years. Which was NOT?
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A well-trained and loyal army defended the empire
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Why did Diocletian divide the Roman Empire into eastern and western sections in 285 A.D.?
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Civil wars and foreign invasions showed that the empire had become too large to be ruled by one person.
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What was a RESULT of Justinian's attempt to reunite the eastern and western halves of the old Roman Empire?
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The attempt led to a return of prosperity to Rome and Italy.
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One reason the Byzantine Empire outlived the Western Roman Empire was that __________.
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Its navy was able to control the seas bordering the empire
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The investiture struggle in the Holy Roman Empire __________.
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Led to the calling of the Crusades
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Three of the following were results of the Hundred Years' War. Which was NOT?
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The French limited papal control by establishing a national "Gallican" Church.
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One reason why Germany did NOT become a strong unified state during the Middle Ages was because __________.
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Holy Roman emperors spent more time trying to conquer Italy than to unify Germany.
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The Wars of the Roses were fought between __________.
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Rivals for the English throne
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The Magna Carta contained the principle that __________.
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The monarch could not tax without the consent of the nobility
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As a RESULT of the Hundred Years' War __________.
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England lost nearly all of its possessions in France
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Three of the following caused conflicts between national monarchies and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. Which did NOT?
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Monarchs often demanded that they be chosen as pope.
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Three of the following enabled Philip II "Augustus" to strengthen the French monarchy. Which did NOT?
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He defeated attempts by England and the Holy Roman Empire to dominate France.
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When nations try to maintain the balance of power they __________.
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Try to prevent domination by one country.
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Which was a basic CAUSE of the American Revolution?
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Britain's decision to tighten its control over the Thirteen Colonies.
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During the European Enlightenment the democratic idea emerged that governments get their power from __________.
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The will of the people.
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Simon Bolivar dreamed of a United States of South America. Besides geography, which factor made that dream impossible?
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All of the above: The new governments were having financial difficulties; there was jealousy and distrust among the national leaders; Bolivar himself became a dictator.
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The Reign of Terror during the French Revolution led to the __________.
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Execution of thousands of people suspected of treason.
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John Locke's First and Second Treatises on Government were written in defense of which event?
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Glorious Revolution.
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How did Napoleon come to power?
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Overthrow of the French government.
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The Thirteen American Colonies opposed the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Tea Act because these acts __________.
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Violated the right of no taxation without representation.
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Both the American Revolution of 1776 and the French Revolution of 1789 were partially caused by __________.
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Unfair taxes.
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Three of the following improvements in agriculture that helped to bring on the Agricultural Revolution are correctly paired with their inventor or discoverer. Which is NOT?
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Seed Drill - Charles Townshend.
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The Industrial Revolution resulted in __________.
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The movement of people to the cities.
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Which is NOT a basic idea of Marxism?
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The establishment of a communist society will be achieved democratically by the working class through their use of the ballot.
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In which country did the Industrial Revolution occur LAST?
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Russia.
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During the 19th century, what was a MAJOR purpose of pools, trusts, and cartels?
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Reduce competition between businesses.
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Three of the following are reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. Which is NOT?
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England's colonies provided markets for manufactured goods.
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The use of mass production __________.
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Made production faster and cheaper.
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The Commercial Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries led to the Industrial Revolution by __________.
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Promoting democracy in European nations.
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As a result of the Industrial Revolution there was an increase in the __________.
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Production of goods.
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Many Greek city-states encouraged migration to areas outside of Greece during the 8th and 7th centuries B.C. in order to __________.
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Ease discontent caused by a maldistribution of land and an increase in poverty.
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A characteristic of the Minoan civilization was its __________.
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Development of a network of trade throughout the Mediterranean region.
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How were the people of ancient Greece affected by the geography of their homeland?
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The difficulty of transportation led to the creation of many isolated communities.
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Which of the following was a feature of Athenian democracy during the 5th century B.C.?
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All male citizens could vote in the city assembly regardless of wealth.
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A polis of ancient Greece was a __________.
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Politically independent unit that included a city and surrounding land.
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As a result of the Peloponnesian War, Sparta __________.
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Dominated Greece for a number of years.
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As a result of the Persian Wars of the 5th century B.C. __________.
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Athens took the lead in organizing an alliance of Greek city-states against further attacks by the Persian Empire.
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Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire resulted in __________.
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A period of cultural diffusion between Greece and the Near East.
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As a result of the Peloponnesian Wars __________.
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Sparta attempted to dominate the former city-states of the Athenian Empire.
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Which of the ancient civilizations developed an empire that controlled the most land?
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Persians.
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The Fertile Crescent was a major means of migration in ancient times because __________.
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It's the shortest distance between Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean Sea.
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A major contribution of the Jews of ancient times was the __________.
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Concept of one God and an ethical code.
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The Middle East has been a crossroads of invasions and conquests for most of written history. However, one ancient civilization lasted for more than a thousand years before being conquered by invaders. Which of the following ancient civilizations of the Middle East lasted for over a thousand years before being conquered?
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Sumerians.
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A necessary precondition for a Neolithic village to become a civilization in prehistory was the __________.
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Production of an agricultural surplus.
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The conquest of one culture by another usually resulted in all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
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Adoption of cultural characteristics of the conquerors by the vanquished.
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The use of iron for tools and weapons developed later than the use of copper because iron __________.
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Requires a very high temperature to melt.
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Which culture is MOST closely associated with seafaring, trading, and establishing colonies on other continents that border the Mediterranean Sea?
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Phoenicians.
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Medieval European cities usually grew __________.
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Along trade routes.
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Which helped to bring about an increase of trade within Western Europe during the 11th and 12th centuries?
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Increase in population.
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Feudalism arose in Western Europe because __________.
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There was a need for law and order.
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The Black Death was __________.
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A disease that killed millions of Europeans during the 14th century.
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Peasants on a typical medieval manor lacked incentives to use new farming methods to produce a surplus of crops because __________.
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The soil and climate of Western Europe discouraged the introduction of new methods.
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What was an INDIRECT RESULT of the Crusades on Europe?
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Decline of feudalism.
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Three of the following were accomplished by Charlemagne. Which was NOT?
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He succeeded in driving the Muslims out of North Africa.
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After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Merovingian dynasty of the Franks __________.
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Ruled over a kingdom including most of modern-day France, the Low Countries, and western Germany.
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The Hanseatic League was created to __________.
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Promote the trade of cities along the North and Baltic Seas.
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How did Daoism influence Chinese society during its dynastic era?
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It offered an alternative to Confucianism by emphasizing the individual.
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Settled agriculture was FIRST seen in China around __________.
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5000 B.C.
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Why do more than 90 percent of the people in China live in the eastern third of the country?
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All of the above- The Gobi Desert makes the north central area unfit for agriculture; The rugged hills and mountains of the west make that area unfit for agriculture; The eastern third of the country is the most suitable for agriculture.
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In Confucianism's four-class system, which group sat at the top of the hierarchy?
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Scholars.
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Which of the following was NOT a principle of Confucianism?
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Individual rights.
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Which of the following mountain ranges separate China from India?
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Himalayas.
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Which of the following developments is an example of cultural diffusion?
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Buddhism, which originated in India, was brought to China around the 1st century A.D.
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Which of the following inventions originated in ancient China?
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All of the above.
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China's diverse topography and location have resulted in which of the following developments?
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Its relative isolation throughout its long history.
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Which major religion was born during a time when the Roman Empire was near its height?
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Christianity.
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Augustus is an important figure in Roman history because he __________.
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Began two centuries of peace and economic prosperity.
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As a result of the Punic Wars, Rome __________.
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Won control over the western Mediterranean.
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What factor was important for the creation and maintenance of the Pax Romana?
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The establishment of a uniform legal code throughout the empire.
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What advantage did the Germanic tribes have in their conflict with the Roman Empire during the 3rd to 5th centuries A.D.?
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Nearly every German male was a trained warrior.
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The creation of the First and Second Triumvirates in Rome during the 1st century B.C. is evidence that __________.
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Military leaders illegally seized power and dominated the Roman Republic.
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Three of the following contributed to the end of the Pax Romana (3rd century A.D.). Which one did NOT?
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A 20-year plague weakened the Roman army and demoralized the civilian population.
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Which was an important cause of the decline of the Roman Empire?
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Revolts by the Senate against emperors.
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