Introduction
The term pollution denote the process of making the water, air, land or any other parts of the universe dirty and becomes unsafe for the habitant and usage by the human beings and other living organisms. This is achieved through the usage or introduction of these pollutant materials into the environment, however the contaminant need not to be tangible. These are factors as simple as sound, light and temperature that are termed as pollutant and are artificial hence affecting the suitability of the environment.
Pollutants are classified as either toxic or non-toxic and by average they affect approximately 200 million individuals globally as per the researchers conducted by the Pure Earth that is a non-profit environmental organizational. As far as the U.S is concerned, all the States are affected by this mena
...ce of human pollution and U.S is ranked as the leading producer of the pollutant mostly the air pollution. In most part of the world, the side-effects are becoming so prone contributing to the eruption of the diseases to the people in those areas. The word is becoming worried and some treaties have been put in places, treaties signed by the states to curb this menace and collaboration of the world states to regulate pollution. Babies have been born in various areas with defection, having decreased IQ, and currently the life expectancy of the individuals in the modern world has decreased to 45 all the way from 70 years as a result of effects of cancer and other diseases. Let discuss the various types of pollution that are affecting our various States in United States.
Land Pollution
The new era has seen a person in the U.S
abandon the usage of metal has the packaging materials and start using plastics. The one disadvantage that is brought by plastic usage is that they are non-degradable, that is to mean that they can be decomposed as with the other organic materials. For this reason, it is wise that measures are instituted to encourage people instead of dumping their plastic equipments; assembling point should be created where they are collected and taken to the recycle point (Ahmadov et al, 2015).
The land mass can be polluted by the pollutant such as household garbage and other various industrial waste that are chemical in nature. The States in U.S are producing an approximate of 250 million ton of pollutant both toxic and non-toxic. When we talk about pollution, pollutant include garbage, packaging product be it plastic or papers, newspapers appliances, paint, batteries, bottles, food scraps, furniture, and clippings. In average, each person in U.S account for 4.3 pounds of the pollutant in each day as per the Environmental Protection Agency. This amount of waste is majorly collected by the landfills. This researchers further shows that 34 percent of these garbage is recycled, which is the double the amount of pollutant collected in the last decade as per the researcher conducted by the American Society of Civil Engineers (Ailshire et al, 2015).
Water Pollution
Water pollution is exhibited when chemicals that are posing dangerous foreign materials are channeled to the water reservoir, and such pollutant ranges from chemicals, pesticides, sewage, and fertilizers from agricultural stuff, and lastly, some metal as lead or mercury that when they are corroded can be harmful to our health. According to the researcher that have been
conducted by the EPA in the U.S States, it was found out that 44 percent of all the assessing the miles of stream, 64 percent of the was about the lakes and the remainder 30 percent analyzed all the bay and estuaries bodies that were found not to be clean for the purpose of swimming and also fishing activities. The other researchers conducted by the EPA found out that much of the contaminant in the U.S involve bacteria, harmful elements such as phosphorous, mercury, and nitrogen. The other types of the contaminant are sources such as agricultural runoff, water diversions, air deposition, and other channelization of streams.
Water pollution is not a menace all over the world not only in the United States. As per the United Nations report, more than 783 million of the citizens are not able to access to the clean water, and also around more than 2.5 billion do not have access to enough sanitation. Enough sanitation assists in the bid to maintain sewage system and also other contaminant that are entering the water supply (Rasmussen et al, 2015).
As per the report of National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA), more than 80 percent of the inhabitants in the Aquatic surroundings originate from the land coming from the sources as a runoff. Water pollution has greatly affected the aquatic life as it is credited with causing death in these aquatic organisms and other effects. For instance, sewages have immensely been credited for the growth of pathogens in aiding them in their growth. Both organic and inorganic components that are found in water in some cases have been found to change its composition of
the dissolved gases. As per the EPA report, the low level of the oxygen dissolved in water is in some instance termed as a pollutant, the reason being that it contributes to the decomposition of the organic matters like the sewage that has been introduced to the water bodies.
Another factor that is harmful in aquatic water system is the introduction of warm water. When industry indulges in thermal warming, there are side-effects that are associated with this, ranging from the killing of the marine life and depletion of the oxygen required for the survival of these organisms.
Vehicles Pollution
A rough estimation of the Americans, nearly half of them that are a figure estimated to be 150 million are living in a place that does not meet the Federal Standard Air Quality Standards. Both the passenger vehicles and heavy duty trucks are the two major sources of pollutant ranging from ozone one, also particulate matter, and other smog-forming emissions. We cannot just sit down and underestimate the pollutant from car emissions, poor air quality has been found to cause respiratory diseases, especially the asthma and bronchitis. The lead emissions also pose the threat of contracting cancer and in the long last lead to a lot of cost burden to himself and his family members who foot his bills in case he is not in a position. It is dreadful to learn that particulate matter alone has led to more than 30,000 premature deaths annually (Muller et al, 2015).
As a matter of fact, passenger vehicle are known to be a major contributor, alone they are accounting a very large amount of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides and so forth.
In the year 2013, the field of transportation is solely accounting to more than half of the carbon monoxide produced together with nitrogen oxides, leave alone a quarter of the hydrocarbons that have been emitted in the air (Sunyer et al, 2015).
Air Pollution
The air that we inhale in our daily basis is composed of the exact composition: nitrogen takes the lion share, followed by oxygen, water vapors and inert gases all of them having 99%. The one percent remaining is encompassing the air pollutant. Most of the pollutant in the air is from emissions emitted from burning of fuel. These pollutions are in form of soot possessing millions of tiny particles that are floating in the universe (Lissåker et al, 2015).
The second type of air pollution is in form of poisonous gases that include: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other chemical vapors. When these gases are released to the atmosphere, chances are that they will react with the water vapors hence the acidic rainfall and the smog. We also have those other type of pollution originates from the buildings in form of second-hand smoke.
The other type of air pollution is from green houses emissions, which emit gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide by warming the globe through the greenhouse effects. As per the EPA report, greenhouse emissions when released into the atmosphere, it absorbs the infrared radiations that are in our earth thus forming a shield and thus heat cannot escape from the earth. Lastly, it is worth noting that air pollution kills at least 2 million of individual annually as per the recent report by the Journal Environmental Research Letters.
The other type of pollution caused by the human being include noise and light pollution (Joshi et al 2015).
Conclusion
Pollution emission is a global issue that should be tackled with great care, especially at the rate in which the ozone layer is being eroded. If we fail to take precaution as human beings it will expose us to a great deal of harmful rays such as gamma rays. Secondly, garbage collection should be facilitated by the state government so that they can be recycled to make fertilizers for our plantations. Lastly, car manufacturers should make model of the car that is not dependent on leaded-petroleum product. By following the simple programs above, we should have created a conduncive environment for us and for generations to come.
References
- Ahmadov, R., McKeen, S., Trainer, M., Banta, R., Brewer, A., Brown, S., ... & Helmig, D. (2015). Understanding high wintertime ozone pollution events in an oil-and natural gas- producing region of the western US. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(1), 411- 429.
- Ailshire, J. A., & Clarke, P. (2015). Fine particulate matter air pollution and cognitive function among US older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(2), 322-328.
- Joshi, M., Mukherjee, A., Misra, S. C., & Ramesh, U. S. (2015). Need of Natural Biocides in Antifouling Paints for Prevention of Marine Pollution. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 4(7).
- Lissåker, C. T., Talbott, E. O., Kan, H., & Xu, X. (2015). Status and determinants of individual actions to reduce health impacts of air pollution in US adults. Archives of environmental & occupational health, 1-6.
- Muller, N. Z. (2016). An Input-Output Model of the US
Economy with Pollution Externality (No. w22092). National Bureau of Economic Research.
