question

Log

answer

A document used to record and describe or denote selected items identified during execution of a process or activity. Usually used with a modifier, such as issue, quality control, action, or defect.

question

Logical relationship

answer

A dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.

question

Majority

answer

Support from more than 50 percent of the members of the group.

question

Make-or-Buy Analysis

answer

The process of gathering and organizing data about product requirements and analyzing them against available alternatives including the purchase or internal manufacture of the product.

question

Make-or-Buy decisions

answer

Decisions made regarding the external purchase or internal manufacture of a product.

question

Manage communications

answer

The process of creating, collecting, distributing, storing, retrieving, and the ultimate disposition of project information in accordance with the communications management plan.

question

Manage Project team

answer

The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing team changes to optimize project performance.

question

Manage Stakeholder Engagement

answer

The process of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs/expectations, address issues as they occur, and foster appropriate stakeholder engagement in project activities throughout the project life cycle.

question

Management reserve

answer

An amount of the project budget withheld for management control purposes. These are budgets reserved for unforeseen work that is within scope of the project. The management reserve is not included in the performance measurement baseline (PMB).

question

Management Skills

answer

The ability to plan, organize, direct, and control individuals or groups of people to achieve specific goals.

question

Mandatory dependency

answer

A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work.

question

Market research

answer

The process of gathering information at conferences, online reviews, and a variety of sources to identify market capabilities.

question

Master Schedule

answer

A summary-level project schedule that identifies the major deliverables and work breakdown structure components and key schedule milestones. See also milestone schedule.

question

Material

answer

The aggregate of things used by an organization in any undertaking, such as equipment, apparatus, tools, machinery, gear, material, and supplies.

question

Matrix diagrams

answer

A quality management and control tool used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created in the matrix. The matrix diagram seeks to show the strength of relationships between factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix.

question

Matrix organization

answer

Any organizational structure in which the project manager shares responsibility with the functional managers for assigning priorities and for directing the work of persons assigned to the project.

question

Methodology

answer

A system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline.

question

Milestone

answer

A significant point or event in a project, program, or portfolio.

question

Milestone List

answer

A list identifying all project milestones and normally indicates whether the milestone is mandatory or optional.

question

Milestone Schedule

answer

A summary-level schedule that identifies the major schedule milestones. See also master schedule.

question

Monitor

answer

Collect project performance data with respect to a plan, produce performance measures, and report and disseminate performance information.

question

Monitor and control Project Work

answer

The process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting the progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan.

question

Monitoring and controlling Process Group

answer

Those processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate the corresponding changes.

question

Monte carlo Simulation

answer

A process which generates hundreds or thousands of probable performance outcomes based on probability distributions for cost and schedule on individual tasks.The outcomes are then used to generate a probability distribution for the project as a whole.

question

Most Likely duration

answer

An estimate of the most probable activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.

question

Multi-criteria decision Analysis

answer

This technique utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to evaluate and rank many ideas.

question

near-critical Activity

answer

A schedule activity that has low total float. The concept of near-critical is equally applicable to a schedule activity or schedule network path. The limit below which total float is considered near critical is subject to expert judgment and varies from project to project.

question

negotiated Settlements

answer

The process of reaching final equitable settlement of all outstanding issues, claims, and disputes through negotiation.

question

negotiation

answer

The process and activities to resolving disputes through consultations between involved parties.

question

network Logic

answer

The collection of schedule activity dependencies that makes up a project schedule network diagram.

question

network Path

answer

Any continuous series of schedule activities connected with logical relationships in a project schedule network diagram.

question

networking

answer

Establishing connections and relationships with other people from the same or other organizations.

question

node

answer

One of the defining points of a schedule network; a junction point joined to some or all of the other dependency lines.

question

nominal Group technique

answer

A technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization.

question

nonconformance Work

answer

In the cost of quality framework, nonconformance work is done to deal with the consequences of errors and failures in doing activities correctly on the first attempt. In efficient quality management systems, the amount of nonconformance work will approach zero.

question

objective

answer

Something toward which work is to be directed, a strategic position to be attained, a purpose to be achieved, a result to be obtained, a product to be produced, or a service to be performed.

question

observations

answer

A technique that provides a direct way of viewing individuals in their environment performing their jobs or tasks and carrying out processes.

question

opportunity

answer

A risk that would have a positive effect on one or more project objectives.

question

optimistic duration

answer

An estimate of the shortest activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.

question

organizational Breakdown Structure (oBS)

answer

A hierarchical representation of the project organization that illustrates the relationship between project activities and the organizational units that will perform those activities.

question

organizational Process Assets

answer

Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization.

question

organizational Project Management Maturity

answer

The level of an organization's ability to deliver the desired strategic outcomes in a predictable, controllable, and reliable manner.

question

output

answer

A product, result, or service generated by a process. May be an input to a successor process.

question

Parametric Estimating

answer

An estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters.

question

Pareto diagram

answer

A histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause.

question

Path convergence

answer

A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one predecessor.

question

Path divergence

answer

A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one successor.

question

Payment Systems

answer

The system used to provide and track supplier's invoices and payments for services and products.

question

Percent complete

answer

An estimate expressed as a percent of the amount of work that has been completed on an activity or a work breakdown structure component.

question

Perform Integrated change control

answer

The process of reviewing all change requests; approving changes and managing changes to deliverables, organizational process assets, project documents, and the project management plan; and communicating their disposition.

question

Perform Qualitative risk Analysis

answer

The process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact.

question

Perform Quality Assurance

answer

The process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.

question

Perform Quantitative risk Analysis

answer

The process of numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives.

question

Performance Measurement Baseline

answer

An approved, integrated scope-schedule-cost plan for the project work against which project execution is compared to measure and manage performance. The PMB includes contingency reserve, but excludes management reserve.

question

Performance reviews

answer

A technique that is used to measure, compare, and analyze actual performance of work in progress on the project against the baseline.

question

Performing organization

answer

An enterprise whose personnel are most directly involved in doing the work of the project or program.

question

Pessimistic duration

answer

Estimate of the longest activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.

question

Phase Gate

answer

A review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a project or program.

question

Plan communications Management

answer

The process of developing an appropriate approach and plan for project communications based on stakeholder's information needs and requirements and available organizational assets.

question

Plan cost Management

answer

The process that establishes the policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, managing, expending, and controlling project costs.

question

Plan Human resource Management

answer

The process of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, required skills, reporting relationships, and creating a staffing management plan.

question

Plan Procurement Management

answer

The process of documenting project procurement decisions, specifying the approach, and identifying potential sellers.

question

Plan Quality Management

answer

The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements.

question

Plan risk Management

answer

The process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project.

question

Plan risk responses

answer

The process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives.

question

Plan Schedule Management

answer

The process of establishing the policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, developing, managing, executing, and controlling the project schedule.

question

Plan Scope Management

answer

The process of creating a scope management plan that documents how the project scope will be defined, validated, and controlled.

question

Plan Stakeholder Management

answer

The process of developing appropriate management strategies to effectively engage stakeholders throughout the project life cycle, based on the analysis of their needs, interests, and potential impact on project success.

question

Planned Value (PV)

answer

The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work.

question

Planning Package

answer

A work breakdown structure component below the control account with known work content but without detailed schedule activities. See also control account.

question

Planning Process Group.

answer

Those processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to achieve.

question

Plurality

answer

Decisions made by the largest block in a group, even if a majority is not achieved.

question

Policy

answer

A structured pattern of actions adopted by an organization such that the organization's policy can be explained as a set of basic principles that govern the organization's conduct.

question

Portfolio

answer

Projects, programs, subportfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives.

question

Portfolio Management

answer

The centralized management of one or more portfolios to achieve strategic objectives.

question

Practice

answer

A specific type of professional or management activity that contributes to the execution of a process and that may employ one or more techniques and tools.

question

Precedence diagramming Method (PdM)

answer

A technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed.

question

Precedence relationship

answer

The term used in the precedence diagramming method for a logical relationship. In current usage, however, precedence relationship, logical relationship, and dependency are widely used interchangeably, regardless of the diagramming method used. See also logical relationship.

question

Precision

answer

Within the quality management system, precision is a measure of exactness.

question

Predecessor Activity

answer

An activity that logically comes before a dependent activity in a schedule.

question

Predictive Life cycle

answer

A form of project life cycle in which the project scope, and the time and cost required to deliver that scope, are determined as early in the life cycle as possible.

question

Preventive Action

answer

An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan.

question

Prioritization Matrices

answer

A quality management planning tool used to identify key issues and evaluate suitable alternatives to define a set of implementation priorities.

question

Probability and Impact Matrix

answer

A grid for mapping the probability of each risk occurrence and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs.

question

Procedure

answer

An established method of accomplishing a consistent performance or result, a procedure typically can be described as the sequence of steps that will be used to execute a process.

question

Process

answer

A systematic series of activities directed towards causing an end result such that one or more inputs will be acted upon to create one or more outputs.

question

Process Analysis

answer

A process analysis follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to identify needed improvements.

question

Process decision Program charts (PdPc)

answer

The PDPC is used to understand a goal in relation to the steps for getting to the goal.

question

Process Improvement Plan

answer

A subsidiary plan of the project management plan. It details the steps for analyzing processes to identify activities that enhance their value.

question

Procurement Audits

answer

The review of contracts and contracting processes for completeness, accuracy, and effectiveness.

question

Procurement documents

answer

The documents utilized in bid and proposal activities, which include the buyer's Invitation for Bid, Invitation for Negotiations, Request for Information, Request for Quotation, Request for Proposal, and seller's responses.

question

Procurement Management Plan

answer

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how a project team will acquire goods and services from outside the performing organization.

question

Procurement Performance reviews

answer

A structured review of the seller's progress to deliver project scope and quality, within cost and on schedule, as compared to the contract.

question

Procurement Statement of Work

answer

Describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing the products, services, or results.

question

Product

answer

An artifact that is produced, is quantifiable, and can be either an end item in itself or a component item. Additional words for products are material and goods. Contrast with result. See also deliverable.

question

Product Analysis

answer

For projects that have a product as a deliverable, it is a tool to define scope that generally means asking questions about a product and forming answers to describe the use, characteristics, and other the relevant aspects of what is going to be manufactured.

question

Product Life cycle

answer

The series of phases that represent the evolution of a product, from concept through delivery, growth, maturity, and to retirement.

question

Product Scope

answer

The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result.

question

Product Scope description

answer

The documented narrative description of the product scope.

question

Program

answer

A group of related projects, subprograms, and program activities managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.

question

Program Evaluation and review technique (PErt)

answer

A technique for estimating that applies a weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.

question

Program Management

answer

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to a program to meet the program requirements and to obtain benefits and control not available by managing projects individually.

question

Progressive Elaboration

answer

The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available.

question

Project

answer

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

question

Project-Based organizations (PBos)

answer

A variety of organizational forms that involve the creation of temporary systems for the performance of projects. PBOs conduct the majority of their activities as projects and/or provide project over functional approaches.

question

Project calendar

answer

A calendar that identifies working days and shifts that are available for scheduled activities.

question

Project charter

answer

A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.

question

Project communications Management

answer

Project Communications Management includes the processes that are required to ensure timely and appropriate planning, collection, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, control, monitoring, and the ultimate disposition of project information.

question

Project cost Management

answer

Project Cost Management includes the processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing, and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget.

question

Project Funding requirements

answer

Forecast project costs to be paid that are derived from the cost baseline for total or periodic requirements, including projected expenditures plus anticipated liabilities.

question

Project Governance

answer

The alignment of project objectives with the strategy of the larger organization by the project sponsor and project team. A project's governance is defined by and is required to fit within the larger context of the program or organization sponsoring it, but is separate from organizational governance.

question

Project Human resource Management

answer

Project Human Resource Management includes the processes that organize, manage, and lead the project team.

question

Project Initiation

answer

Launching a process that can result in the authorization of a new project.

question

Project Integration Management

answer

Project Integration Management includes the processes and activities needed to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities within the Project Management Process Groups.

question

Project Life cycle

answer

The series of phases that a project passes through from its initiation to its closure.

question

Project Management

answer

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.

question

Project Management Body of Knowledge

answer

An inclusive term that describes the sum of knowledge within the profession of project management. As with other professions, such as law, medicine, and accounting, the body of knowledge rests with the practitioners and academics that apply and advance it. The complete project management body of knowledge includes proven traditional practices that are widely applied and innovative practices that are emerging in the profession. The body of knowledge includes both published and unpublished materials. This body of knowledge is constantly evolving. PMI's PMBOK® Guide identifies a subset of the project management body of knowledge that is generally recognized as good practice.

question

Project Management Information System

answer

An information system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management processes. It is used to support all aspects of the project from initiating through closing, and can include both manual and automated systems.

question

Project Management Knowledge Area

answer

An identified area of project management defined by its knowledge requirements and described in terms of its component processes, practices, inputs, outputs, tools, and techniques.

question

Project Management office (PMo)

answer

An organizational structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.

question

Project Management Plan

answer

The document that describes how the project will be executed monitored, and controlled.

question

Project Management Process Group

answer

A logical grouping of project management inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs. The Project Management Process Groups include initiating processes, planning processes, executing processes, monitoring and controlling processes, and closing processes. Project Management Process Groups are not project phases.

question

Project Management Staff

answer

The members of the project team who perform project management activities such as schedule, communications, risk management, etc.

question

Project Management System

answer

The aggregation of the processes, tools, techniques, methodologies, resources, and procedures to manage a project.

question

Project Management team

answer

The members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities. On some smaller projects, the project management team may include virtually all of the project team members.

question

Project Manager (PM)

answer

The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.

question

Project organization chart

answer

A document that graphically depicts the project team members and their interrelationships for a specific project.

question

Project Phase

answer

A collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables.

question

Project Procurement Management

answer

Project Procurement Management includes the processes necessary to purchase or acquire products, services, or results needed from outside the project team.

question

Project Quality Management

answer

Project Quality Management includes the processes and activities of the performing organization that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.

question

Project risk Management

answer

Project Risk Management includes the processes of conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, and controlling risk on a project.

question

Project Schedule

answer

An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources.

question

Project Schedule network diagram

answer

A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities.

question

Project Scope

answer

The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.

question

Project Scope Management

answer

Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.

question

Project Scope Statement

answer

The description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints.

question

Project Stakeholder Management

answer

Project Stakeholder Management includes the processes required to identify all people or organizations impacted by the project, analyzing stakeholder expectations and impact on the project, and developing appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and execution.

question

Project team

answer

A set of individuals who support the project manager in performing the work of the project to achieve its objectives.

question

Project team directory

answer

A documented list of project team members, their project roles, and communication information.

question

Project time Management

answer

Project Time Management includes the processes required to manage the timely completion of the project.

question

Projectized organization

answer

Any organizational structure in which the project manager has full authority to assign priorities, apply resources, and direct the work of persons assigned to the project.

question

Proposal Evaluation techniques

answer

The process of reviewing proposals provided by suppliers to support contract award decisions.

question

Prototypes

answer

A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before actually building it.

PMBOK 5 glossary L-P – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards