Plant Structure – Flashcards
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vascular meristem
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in a plant the lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem
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endodermis
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The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder.
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histology
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The study of tissues
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vegetative organs
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The parts of a plant (such as stems, roots, and leaves) that are not involved in reproduction
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merismatic tissue
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Areas of rapidly dividing cells
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apical meristem
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Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.
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lateral meristem
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Growth region of a plant that provides secondary growth, increase in girth
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intercalary meristem
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meristem near nodes at the intervals of the plant allowing a quick growth
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parenchyma tissue
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Type of structural tissue found in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits that makes and stores food
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collenchyma tissue
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a tissue bordering the veins of leaves and making up the "strings" in celery
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sclerenchyma tissue
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dead cells with thick walls that have lignin and provide strength and support
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fibers
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slender cells that occur in strands and are commonly found in roots, stems, leaves and fruits.
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sclereids
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far stubbier than fibers and often branched, these are another typical sclerenchyma cell that strengthens hard seed coats such as peach pits, and make pear flesh gritty
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vascular bundle
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A strand of vascular tissues (both xylem and phloem) in a plant stem.
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tap root
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A single thick root that grown straight down. It can reach water that is deep in the ground. Store food for the plant.
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fibrous root
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part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single root grows larger than the rest
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adventitious root
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root arising above the ground from stems or leaves
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haustoria
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parasitic roots that parasitize a host plant
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root cap
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a structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury
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casparian strip
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waterproof strip that surrounds plant endodermal cells and is involved in the one-way passage of materials into the vascular cylinder in plant roots.
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pericycle
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The outermost layer of the vascular cylinder of a root, where lateral roots originate.
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pith
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ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue
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lateral roots
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roots growing from the primary root
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stem node
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The area of a plant's stem from which the leaves grow
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terminal bud
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bud at tip of a stem responsible for terminal growth, contains the tip of the shoot
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bud scales
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modified leaves protecting the terminal bud
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axillary bud
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buds with embrionic shoots that can give rise to new branches or flowers and are located between the petiole and the stem
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lenticles
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structures on the twig allowing gas exchange
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stolons
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modified stem that is growing beneath the surface in different directions
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tubers
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Swollen, fleshy, underground stem. Stores food. Ex. Irish potatop
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thorn
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modified stem found in honey locust
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simple leaf
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only one blade
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compound leaf
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many blades for one leaf
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pinnately compound leaf
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a compound leaf with leaflets attached like vanes of a feather to an elongated rachis
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palmately compound leaf
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leaflets from a single point
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phyllotaxy
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arrangement of leaves on a stem
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opposite leaf attachment
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two leaves per node
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alternate leaf attachment
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one leaf per node
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whorled leaf attachment
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three or more leaves per node
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leaf mesophyll
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ground tissue of a leaf
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palisade mesophyll
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in plants, the layer of vertically elongated cells that contains chloroplasts, that is located beneath the upper epidermis of leaves, and that participates in photosynthesis
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spongy mesophyll
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inside a leaf, the tissue that is made up of loosely arranged parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts and are surrounded by air spaces that promote the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water throughout the leaf
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guard cells
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The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore.
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1. Epidermis 2. Cortex 3. Endodermis 4. Xylem 5. Phloem
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Name the layers of a monocot root
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root branch, pericycle
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what is this structure? where does it originate from?
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bark
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All tissues external to the vascular cambium, consisting mainly of the secondary phloem and layers of periderm (cork, cork cambium in case of woody plants)
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parenchyma
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tissue type
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collenchyma
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tissue type
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sclerenchyma
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tissue type
