Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay Example

Common symptoms include frequent urination, excessive hunger, weight loss, and blurry vision (Cooper et al, 2007).

Factors affecting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients

Pharmacokinetics refers to how drugs are absorbed, distributed, and metabolized within an individual. The main objectives of clinical pharmacokinetics are to enhance the effectiveness of drug therapy and reduce drug toxicity levels for patients.

People with diabetes are at a higher risk of having a stroke due to the presence of hypertension, or high blood pressure. Roughly two-thirds of adults with diabetes have high blood pressure, and if it is not effectively controlled, it can lead to a stroke.

Heart attack and irregular heartbeat are common in people with diabetes, increasing the risk of stroke (Nathan et al, 2005).

The impact of changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes on recommended drug therapy for patients

While age has minimal effect on drug absorption, it is observed that older patients may experience greater effects from the pharcokinetics of certain drugs, making concentration determination challenging. Both types of diabetes can be managed to reduce long-term health complications like stroke. Type 1 diabetes requires monitoring blood sugar levels and daily insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes, which is exacerbated by obesity, can be controlled through weight loss, regular exercise, and adopting healthy eating habits and diets.

Controlling and preventing diabetes can greatly reduce the risk of stroke (Cooper et al, 2007). It is essential to have regular eye check-ups with a doctor to promptly identify any abnormalities and treat diabetes. Early detection of diabetes is crucial as it can lead to treatable eye diseases.

References

• Nathan, D. M., Cleary, P. A., Backlund, J. Y., Genuth, S. M., Lachin, J.

The Epidemiology of Diabetes

Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group conducted a study to investigate the relationship between intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. The study, authored by M. Orchard, T. J., Zinman, B., and Cooper, L., was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2005.

T., Baughman, K. L., Feldman, A. M., Frustaci, A., Jessup, M., Kuhl, U., ... ; Virmani, R. (2007). The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 50(19), 1914-1931.