question

Pharmacology is

answer

The study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms

question

The word pharmacology comes from

answer

The Greek word pharmakon and a suffix meaning the study of

question

Drugs have three medical uses. Which of the following is NOT one of those uses?

answer

To cause conditions or diseases

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The medical use of drugs during radiological procedures and other types of medical tests to provide evidence of a disease process is known as

answer

A diagnostic use

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The medical use of foxglove to make the drug digoxin (Lanoxin) is an example of a modern drug derived from

answer

Plants

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The drug Premarin, a female hormone replacement used to treat the symptoms of menopause, is derived from

answer

Pregnant mares' urine

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It took a national tragedy to force a much needed update of the Food and Drug Act of 1906. The drug that caused this national tragedy was

answer

Sulfonamide, which was an early anti-infective drug

question

In response to criticism related to the time lag for drug approval, which act was passed in 1997:

answer

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Modernization Act

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Prescription drugs are defined as those drugs

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That are not safe to use except under professional medical supervision

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Which of the following statements concerning scheduled drugs is TRUE?

answer

Schedule I drugs have the highest potential for abuse and addiction, while Schedule V drugs have the lowest

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The Orphan Drug Act was passed to

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Facilitate the development of new drugs to treat rare diseases

question

The word pharmacodynamics is concerned with

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How drugs produce their effects based on time and dose

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When analgesic drugs are used to control arthritis pain, this is an example of the ________ use of drugs

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Therapeutic

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Original plant sources of some commonly used drugs today included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Oak tree

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Which drugs were introduced in the decade of the 1990s?

answer

Proscar ( for benign prostatic hypertrophy), Nicodern (for stopping smoking), Viagra (for erectile dysfunction)

question

Penicillin was first introduced about the year

answer

1940

question

Aspirin was first introduced about the year

answer

1900

question

The first monoclonal antibody drug Orthoclone OKT3 was developed in

answer

1986

question

Which drug was historically introduced first?

answer

Morphine for pain, from crude opium

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The government agency responsible for regulating the manufacturing and dispensing of controlled substances is called

answer

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

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A schedule defines drugs by their

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Potential for physical dependence Potential for psychological dependence

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The Controlled Substances Act created ______ categories of drugs based on their potential for addiction

answer

Five

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In response to the tragedy of babies born with seal limbs because of thalidomide, this legislation required drugs to be both safe and effective before being marketed

answer

Kefauver-Harris amendment of 1962

question

The belladonna plant was the original source of the drugs ______ that are still used today

answer

Atropine and Scopolamine

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Powdered rose hips from the rose plant are still used as a natural source of

answer

Vitamin C

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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 is concerned with the _________ of patient medical and drug information

answer

Security

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A prescription drug can be obtained with a

answer

Written prescription or verbal order from a helathcare professional whose license permits it Verbal order from a dentist Written prescription from a physician

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The 1951 Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act defined ________ drugs as those drugs that could only be given to patients under the care of a physician

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Prescription

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Stem cells are cells that are capable of

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Differentiating into any type of body tissue

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Which drug name accurately describes its molecular structure and distinguishes it from all other drugs?

answer

Chemical name

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Using computers to design new drugs involves _______, which is the study of the chemical structures of drugs and their actions at the molecular level within a cell

answer

Molecular pharmacology

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In 1982, which drug became the first recombinant DNA technology drug to be approved by the FDA?

answer

Human Insulin (Humulin)

question

From the moment of its discovery or design, every drug has a _________ name that is assigned by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

answer

Chemical

question

Which of the following is registered with the US Patent Office as a registered trademark?

answer

Trade name

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In 2001, the first embryonic stem cell was manipulated to become a

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Mature blood cell

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Once the FDA gives final approval for drug marketing, the drug company creates a

answer

Trade name

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The drug name that is a registered trademark is the

answer

Brand name

question

The brand name of the drug Lithobid was selected to indicate

answer

How often the drug is to be given

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In clinical trials, the control group received the

answer

Placebo

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The patent on a new drug is in effect for ________ years

answer

17

question

There are _________ phases of human testing for new drugs

answer

Three

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Recombinant DNA technology involves

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DNA spliced into a bacterial cell Gene splicing Genetic engineering

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In vivo testing is

answer

None of the above

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The United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council

answer

Works with the drug company to determine the generic name for a drug

question

What does therapeutic index indicate?

answer

The margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses

question

The first recombinant DNA technology drug approved by the FDA was

answer

A human version of insulin

question

This drug contains a double-strength dose, as shown by its trade name

answer

Bactrim DS

question

The Human Genome Project

answer

Mapped all 3.2 billion parts of the human genome

question

Placebos commonly are

answer

Injections of sterile normal saline Sugar pills

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A dextrorotary drug

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Example is that of destromethorphan Is an isomer Has a right-facing image for its molecular structure

question

A solid drug form that contains the active drug (as a dried powder) plus inert ingredients to provide bulk is known as a

answer

Tablet

question

What type of tablet has and indented line running across it so that it can be easily broken into equal pieces?

answer

Scored

question

A drug's trade name will often include abbreviations such as CR, LA, SR, or XL. These abbreviations indicate which type of tablet?

answer

Slow-release

question

Which drug form comes in two different varieties: a soft gelatin shell and two-piece hard shell?

answer

Capsule

question

The category of solutions includes several different drug forms. Which of the following is NOT a type of solution?

answer

Suspension

question

Syrups are

answer

Sweeter and more viscous than elixirs

question

Foams are

answer

Solutions that contain a drug in a water base Expelled from a container when they are used Expanded by tiny aerosol bubbles

question

Suppositories are used to treat patients with

answer

Vomiting

question

Which of the following is NOT a specialized type of tablet?

answer

Elixir

question

The word viscous is used to describe a liquid drug. The word viscous means

answer

Thick or nonwatery

question

Most over-the-counter drugs used to treat coughs are in the drug form of a

answer

Syrup

question

Enteric-coated tablets

answer

Are made to dissolve in the small intestine

question

A solution containing fine, undissolved particles of a drug that settle to the bottom of the container is called a

answer

Suspension

question

Powdered drugs can be found in all of these EXCEPT in

answer

An ampule

question

The word aqueous means _____, while the word viscous means _____

answer

Watery; thick

question

Your friend asks you if you can identify the name of the drug he is taking. He shows you a purple capsule with gold bands. You tell him that this is the drug

answer

Nexium

question

Which of the following drug trade names is NOT in the form of a bead, wafer, or device?

answer

Nexium

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps involved in the drug cycle?

answer

Secretion

question

When a drug is applied directly to the skin, eyes, or ears, it is administered via the ______ route

answer

Topical

question

Which is the most convenient route of administration and the one most commonly used?

answer

Oral

question

Which route of administration is chosen when the patient is vomiting and a drug cannot be given by injection?

answer

Rectal

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the parenteral route of administration?

answer

Endotracheal

question

For most drug forms, absorption involved three steps. Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps of absorption?

answer

Excrete

question

The process of drug metabolism is accomplished in the ____, the principal organ of metabolism

answer

Liver

question

An intravenous drug can be administered in three different ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of intravenous drug administration?

answer

Port

question

Oral drugs that are in a liquid form do NOT go through which of the following steps?

answer

Disintegration

question

Which method of drug administration is only used during emergency resuscitation?

answer

Intracardiac

question

Patients with renal disease and elderly patients with decreased levels of kidney function due to aging are prescribed

answer

Lower doses of drugs

question

The memory aid NAVEL (naloxone, atropine, valium, epinephrine, lidocaine) helps you remember which drugs can be administered

answer

Through an endotracheal tube

question

Any liquid drug that can be given by the oral route can also be given by any of these routes EXCEPT

answer

Transdermal

question

Which of the following routes CANNOT be used to administer drugs to an unconscious patient?

answer

Oral

question

Sublingual administration of a drug involves placing it

answer

Under the tongue

question

Which of the following drugs is given by subcutaneious injection?

answer

Insulin for diabetes mellitus Heparin Allergy shots

question

The first-pass effect describes the

answer

Metabolism of drugs by the liver

question

When a drug is given by inhalation, it is absorbed

answer

Through the alveoli of the lungs

question

Drugs circulate in the blood bound to

answer

Albumin

question

An equivalent word for metabolism is

answer

Biotransformation

question

A drug that is able to unlock or activate a receptor and produce an effect is known as an

answer

Agonist

question

A drug's main action for which it was prescribed by the physician or other healthcare provider is known as a

answer

Therapeutic effect

question

A toxic effect of a drug results when

answer

The serum level of a drug rises above the therapeutic level

question

Which of the following increases the likelihood of a drug-drug interaction?

answer

Polypharmacy

question

Adrenergic receptors include

answer

Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1, and Beta2 receptors

question

The presence of an antigen combined with an antibody stimulates the release of ______, which produces mild-to-severe allergic symptoms, depending on the amount released

answer

Histamine

question

Which measurement system is officially known as the International System of Units (SI)?

answer

Metric

question

When a cube is formed that is 1 centimeter long on each side, it becomes a measurement of volume that is abbreviated as

answer

cc

question

Receptors are specifically designed to interact with natural body chemicals. Which of the following is NOT one of those natural body chemicals?

answer

Proteins

question

An antagonist drug

answer

Is similar to inserting the wrong key in a lock Keeps other drugs from activating the receptor Occupies but does not activate the receptor

question

A comon side effect of narcotic drugs used to treat pain is

answer

Constipation

question

The systemic effect of a drug is felt

answer

Throughout the body

question

Symptoms of an allergic reaction are based on the release of

answer

Histamine

question

When a drug has a narrow margin of safety between the correct dose and the toxic dose, the drug is said to have a low

answer

Therapeutic index

question

A drug that can unlock or activate a receptor is known as an

answer

Agonist

question

An idiosyncratic drug reaction is

answer

Based on a patient's genetic makeup

question

A drug-drug reaction in which the two drugs combine to produce an effect greater than the independent effect of each drug is called

answer

Synergism

question

The therapeutic effect of a drug is usually exterted

answer

On the target organ

question

Which type of drug listed below is NOT measured in units?

answer

Antacid

question

Side effects can be

answer

Mild and temporary Severe enough that the drug must be stopped Moderage and annoying

question

The antibiotic drugs gentamicing and kanamycin are known to exert toxic effects on the ear. This is known as

answer

Ototoxicity

question

When the antibiotic drug tetracycline is taken with an antacid, these two drugs

answer

Form an insoluable complex that prevents a therapeutic effect

question

A _____ prescription is handwritten by the physician on a single preprinted sheet

answer

Written

question

Which type of prescription is typed into the medical office's computer system, a copy printed out, and then signed by the physician and given to the patient?

answer

Computerized

question

Which type of prescription is generated by a computer and not signed by the physician?

answer

Electronic

question

A pharmacist can fill a prescription without having it on a prescription form and without a physician's signature for which of the following types of drugs?

answer

Drugs that are not controlled substances

question

Prescriptions for most drugs (except schedule drugs) are valid for how long from the date on the prescription form?

answer

One year

question

Prescriptions for Schedule III through Schedule V drugs are valid for how long from the date on the prescription form?

answer

Six months

question

Prescriptions for Schedule II drugs are valid for how long from the date on the prescription form?

answer

Seven days

question

Which of the following is NOT used when writing a drug name on a prescription?

answer

Chemical name

question

Nonprescription (over-the-counter) drugs

answer

Do not require a prescription and can be purchased by an adult

question

Which type of medication order is carried out (or dispensed) before a physician's signature is obtained?

answer

Verbal order

question

When blood levels of sodium and potassium are sufficient

answer

Anything in excess of that is excreted in the urine

question

Diuretic drugs

answer

Keep sodium and potassium from being reabsorbed from the tubules back into the blood

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the diseases treated with diuretic drugs?

answer

Urinary tract infections

question

The trade name drugs Naturetin, Diuril, Hygroton, HCTZ, HydroDIURIL, Microzide, Lozol, Enduron, and Zaroxolyn are all examples of which category of diuretic drugs?

answer

Thiazide diuretic drugs

question

The drugs Bumex, Edecrin, Lasix, and Demadex are all examples of which category of diuretic drugs?

answer

Loop diuretic drugs

question

Which of the following drugs in an osmotic diuretic drug?

answer

Mannitol

question

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are treated with drugs that are particularly effective against

answer

Gram-negative bacteria

question

Which of these anti-infective drugs that inhibit but do not kill the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections?

answer

Sulfonamide drugs

question

Drugs used to treat overactive bladder block the action of ______ to decrease bladder contractions

answer

Acetylcholine

question

If a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic drug is given, it inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the tubule cells. This means that

answer

Bicarbonate and hydrogen ions are not formed

question

Potassium supplements are frequently prescribed for patients taking

answer

Thiazide and loop diuretic drugs

question

The drugs ciprofloxin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), and norfloxacin (Noroxin) are drugs used to treat

answer

Prostatis

question

Which of the following class of drugs is NOT given orally?

answer

Prostaglandin E1 drugs

question

Diuretic drugs are commonly used to treat

answer

Hypertension

question

The trade name of the drug furosemide is

answer

Lasix

question

This pellet is inserted into the urethra and produces an erection in patient with erectile dysfunction

answer

Muse

question

Which of the following drugs is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy?

answer

Flomax

question

Which of these drug pairs is used to treat urinary tract infections?

answer

Maxaquin and Macrodantin

question

The primary cause of urinary tract infections is

answer

Gram-negative bacteria

question

Which electrolyte must be given in conjunction with some diuretic drugs?

answer

Potassium

question

Patients taking a thiazide or loop diuretic drug but not taking a potassium supplement could develop which of the following adverse effects?

answer

An extremely low level of potassium in the blood Cardiac arrhythmias Hypokalemia

question

Cranberries are effective against urinary tract infections because

answer

They suppress the growth of bacteria because bacteria prefer an alkaline environment The fructose in them prevents bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall They increase the acidity of the urine

question

The drugs Pyridium and the combination drug Pyridium Plus turn the urine an _______ color

answer

Red-orange

question

This drug was approved in 1992 as the first nonsurgical treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy

answer

Finasteride (Proscar)

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

answer

Dutasteride and finasteride are androgen inhibitor drugs Androgen inhibitor drugs, if handled by the pregnant mother, can cause birth defects in a male fetus The packaging and drug inserts for androgen inhibitor drugs warn women not to handle these drugs

question

All of the following are TRUE except

answer

Folic acid antagonist drugs stimulate the formation of folic acid in bacterial cells

question

The combining form vesic/o- as used in the trade name drug Vesicare means

answer

Bladder

question

Urinary tract analgesic drugs

answer

Treat burning, urinary urgency, and painful urination

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