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Home Page Arts And Humanities Literature Conjunctions Pharm 59 Sedative-Hypnotic drugs - Flashcards

Pharm 59 Sedative-Hypnotic drugs – Flashcards

Kenneth McQuaid
7 July 2022
18 test answers

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question
Why are Diazepam and Flurazepam such long acting drugs
Why are Diazepam and Flurazepam such long acting drugs
answer
They are metabolized into active metabolites
question
How are most benzodiazepines metabolized
How are most benzodiazepines metabolized
answer
Most benzodiazepines undergo phase I reactions, mainly by CYP3A4. The metabolites are then conjugated in phase II to form glucuronides that are excreted in the urine
question
Which three Benzos and are not metabolized by the P450 system
Which three Benzos and are not metabolized by the P450 system
answer
Conjugated directly to their glucuronides (still in liver) Their plasma levels are not significantly affected in liver disease. Other benzodiazepines may need dose adjustment in liver disease.
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Are benzos used for short term or long term anxiety
answer
Short term, due to dependance and minimal effect on PTSD and OCD *SSRIs* have replaced them for long term use
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How do you determine which benzo is used to treat sleep specific sleep disturbances
How do you determine which benzo is used to treat sleep specific sleep disturbances
answer
Shot acting: used to help initiate sleep Long acting: used for people who keep waking up
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question
What is an adverse effect of benzodiazepines where they cause the opposite symptoms than expected (e.g. anxiety, hostility, rage, paranoia, and depression)
What is an adverse effect of benzodiazepines where they cause the opposite symptoms than expected (e.g. anxiety, hostility, rage, paranoia, and depression)
answer
*Paradoxical effects*
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question
What is one of the most serious/common adverse effects of long term benzodiazepine use
What is one of the most serious/common adverse effects of long term benzodiazepine use
answer
On of the few drugs that cause DEATH due to withdraws
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question
What drug is used to treat overdose of benzodiazepines
What drug is used to treat overdose of benzodiazepines
answer
Fast acting but short duration, frequent administration may be necessary *May precipitate withdrawal in physiologically dependent patients*
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question
Do Barbiturates act on the same channel as benzodiazepines? How do they effect the GABA channel
Do Barbiturates act on the same channel as benzodiazepines? How do they effect the GABA channel
answer
Increase the *DURATION* of the GABA channel
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question
Why do Barbiturates cause more adverse side effects than benzodiazepines
Why do Barbiturates cause more adverse side effects than benzodiazepines
answer
dirty drugs that act on several receptors
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question
How do Barbiturates effect respiratory system and the CYP450 enzymes
How do Barbiturates effect respiratory system and the CYP450 enzymes
answer
Decreased respiration is the main cause of death
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question
How does N-phenylbarbital treat hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus
answer
induces liver CYP450 to metabolize bilirubin N-phenylbarbital is a metabolite and does not cause CNS depression
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question
In which RBC disorders are barbiturates contraindication
answer
porphyria (mostly Acute Intermittent Porphyria)
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question
On which receptors do the non-benzodiazepine act
answer
BZ1 subtype of benzodiazepine receptors.
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question
Zolpidem
Zolpidem
answer
Ambien
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question
Advantages of Busiprone
Advantages of Busiprone
answer
disadvantage; not as effective
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question
What drug is a melatonin agonist used as a sleep aid
What drug is a melatonin agonist used as a sleep aid
answer
absorbed better than melatonin supplements
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question
Which antihistamines are commonly used to help with insomnia?
Which antihistamines are commonly used to help with insomnia?
answer
Not effective in chronic insomnia
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