Pest Control Quiz (Aitkenhead) – Flashcards
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DDT accumulation in North American eagles, pelicans, and other birds disrupted birds' calcium causing
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thin eggshells
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Pest organisms tend to be
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generalist species
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Which of the following is not true of pesticides
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They are expensive and difficult to use.
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Of the millions of living species, about ___ cause 90 percent of the worldwide crop damage
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100
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The population growth curve of a pest organism would probably be ____ because they are _____ species in ecological succession
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exponential, pioneer
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The pesticide treadmill occurs when
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constantly increasing doses of pesticides are needed to control pests.
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In the graph above, which of the populations first begin to show pesticide resistance
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a
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Looking at the graph above, and given what you know about pesticide resistance, what do you think will probably happen to curve "b" in the future.
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it will continue to increase
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Organic pollutants called ______ are showing up in many different places worldwide ,far from their original source. This has led to a widespread movement to ______.
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persistent organic pollutants, reduce the use of twelve of them
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In terms of agriculture, pesticides have lead to ____ for consumers.
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lower monetary costs, more attractive produce, better produce quality, more availability of produce
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Significant agricultural losses are due to the destruction of ____ through pesticide spray drift and residues of flowers
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honeybees
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Approximately what percentages of the pesticides of the pesticides we use never reach the intended target?
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90
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Pesticide resistance occurs when a population of pests
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genetically changes (through natural selection) and is no longer affected by the chemicals
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Can an organism be resistant to a chemical that has never been exposed to? If so, how?
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Yes, pesticide resistance does not require chemical exposure and eventually all organisms become resistant
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Behavioral changes as an alternative to current pesticides use would not include
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switching from monoculture fields to mixed polyculture fields
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In order to institute an integrated pest management program, it is necessary to
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understand local plants and animals
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With respect to chemical pest controls, integrates pest management (IPM) uses
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the minimum amount necessary as a last resort
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Which of the following things that you can do to reduce pesticide residues in you diet is related to bioaccumulation?
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Trim the fat from meat, chicken, and fish.
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Which of the alternative methods is not helpful in reducing your exposure to pesticides?
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Use only natural chemicals as pesticides.
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A pest is any organism that
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spreads disease, interferes with human activity, competes with humans
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Which of the following categories include all of the others?
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pesticides
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Pesticides kill
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rodents, insects, weeds
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Which of the following would be used to kill rats and mice?
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Rodenticide
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Which of the following would be used to kill weeds?
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Herbicides
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According to pesticide proponents, pesticides
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work faster than alternative control methods, saves life and money, kill insects that transmit disease
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According to the proponents of pesticides, which of the following statements is true?
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The health risks of pesticides are insignificant compared with their health and other benefits, safer and more effective pesticides are constantly being developed, insecticides lower food costs
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In biological magnification,
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organisms at higher trophic levels have concentrated levels of toxic substances
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Of the following organisms that might occur in a simple aquatic food chain, which organism would have the highest concentration of DDT if it had spilled into the ecosystem several months before being measured
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birds hat feed on large fish
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All of the following are advantages of biological control except that it
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requires little research and development
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A pheromone is
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a species-specific chemical sex attractant
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A hormone is
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a chemical that travels in the blood steam and controls an organisms growth and development
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Which of the following statements is false, a) Insect development and metamorphosis are controlled by pheromones b) each step in the life cycle of a typical insect is controlled by hormones c) insect hormones can be synthesized in the laboratory d) When applied at certain times during the life cycle, insect hormones cause developmental abnormalities
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insect development and metamorphosis are controlled by hormones
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Integrated pest management is
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a chemical, ecological, and biological program
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Which of the following are inorganic pesticides?
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arsenic, copper, and mercury
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Chlorinated hydrocarbons have ____ toxicity for humans and remain in the soil for a ____ time
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high; long
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DDT is
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chlorinated hydrocarbon (organochloride)
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Organophosphates an ____ are similar in that they lack environmental persistence and have low bioaccumulation
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carbamates
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The best way to characterize fumigants would be they are
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small molecules that gasify easily and penetrate rapidly into many materials
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Natural organic pesticides are not
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stable in their natural form
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In general, microbial agents are
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used in place of chemical pesticides
