Personality Final exam 3 – Flashcards
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Humanism emphasizes
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-the creative, active, spontaneous nature of humanity -the personal worth of the individual -the importance of human values -that we strive to achieve fulfillment and to create our futures
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The dialogue in which each person confirms the other as being unique and important is what philosopher Martin Buber called the
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I-Thou dialogue
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Erich Fromm would argue that
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love requires knowledge, effort, and experience
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Rogers believed that people have an inherent tendency
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toward growth
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According to Rogers, a healthy person
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has a broad self-concept and is open to many feelings and experiences in life
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For therapy to be successful, Rogers argues that the therapist must
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All of the above
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Self-actualization, an important component of a existentialist/humanistic approach to personality, was proposed by
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Maslow
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According to Maslow, self-actualizalied people
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-have a love of humankind -are independent -have strong ethical principles -are highly ethical
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a peak experience
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There is a heightened sense of anxiety
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According to Maslow's hierarchy of need, which must be satisfied first?
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Physiological
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Malsow based his theories on the study of
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Well-adjusted people
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One major feature of the logotherapy
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Its focus on a search for meaning in life
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The American Paradox refers to the discrepancy between
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Americans' material wealth and moral decline
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A new subdiscipline in psychology that focuses on creativity, hope, wisdom, and spirituality is called
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Positive psychology
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The equation B= f(P,E)
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the person and the environment both contribute to behavior
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For Sullivan, it is most important to examine
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how people feel when they have been rejected by others
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Sullivan integrated many ideas from which two individuals?
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Mead and Sapir
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Who coined the term "personology"?
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Murray
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According to Murray, ______ are internal motivations and power of the situations is called ____
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needs; press
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You arrive at a new therapist's office and are told that you will be given several assessments in order to help the therapist understands you better. The first thing the therapist does is to show you a series of pictures and asks you to tell the "story" of what is taking place in the picture. The therapist is probably administering the
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TAT
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Mischel's basic argument (that began a great controversy) was that
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knowing someone's personality traits does not allow one to predict that a person's behavior in a particular situation
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mischel stated that correlations between personality traits and behavior were
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almost always .30 or slightly higher
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Which of the following does NOT influence an individual's ability to delay gratification?
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generation
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It is often easy to believe stereotype because
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we don't see people in a wide variety of situations, so we assume they ARE the way we usually see them
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In general, people tend to attribute other people's behaviors to their personalities___ they attribute their own behavior to their own personality
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less than
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People are better at judging the personalities of others when they
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have seen them in only a few situations
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What is a longitudinal study?
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Study in which people are observed and studied over significant portions of their life
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Murray's Needs include which one of the following
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Need for Exhibition
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A "cheating personality" cannot generally be found. This is because
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honesty depends on the situation
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The primary idea behind an interactionist perspective is that
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Personality can only be appropriately judged in the context of interpersonal relationships
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Sullivan's approach to understand personality is sometimes referred to as the
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interpersonal theory of psychiatry
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Biological characteristics determine ____, while ___ is socially constructed
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sex; gener
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Which of the following is NOT a traditionally masculine characteristic?
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Nurturance
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Which of the following is NOT a traditionally feminine characteristic?
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Dominance
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Which of the following individuals believed women to be inferior to men?
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All listed, Plato, Thomas Aquinas, & Aristotle.
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Which of the following is an example of the social learning of gender-related norms?
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all of them
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Smoking and drinking have been linked to which of the following personality characteristics?
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aggressiveness
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Of the following who has entered the sick role?
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Matt mopes around the house and sleeps a lot he is convinced has Epstein-BarrVirus or perhaps Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; the doctors haven't been able to make a diagnosis
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Using the Terman archives, Friedman and his colleagues found that ____children tended to live longer, while ___ children tended to die earlier
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conscientious; cheerful
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what is one reason it's sometimes tempting to "blame the victim" for his/her illnesses?
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We desire a predictable world
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A somatopsychic effect is when
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the body affects the mind
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Measuring everyone against the norms and customs of one's own ethnic group is termed
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ethnocentrism
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_____ approach to personality focuses on one culture, whereas a____is cross-cultural
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emic; etic
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Cross-cultural researchers have found that Western cultures tend to be more ___whereas Eastern cultures emphasize a___ view point
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Individualistic; collective
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Groups are often formed based on which of the following?
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-cultural habits and customs -political beliefs -physical characteristics -religious practices
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The fact that someone with higher SES is at a lower risk of becoming ill and dying prematurely than someone of lower SES is called
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SES Gradient
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Language influences all but which of the following
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the physical characteristics we possess
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