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Personal and Community Health Midterm – Flashcards

Sabrina Peterson

8 July 2022

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The health determinant over which we have least control is

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family history

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The seven dimensions of wellness

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are interrelated

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The seven dimensions of wellness include all of the following EXCEPT

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dietary wellness

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Which one of the following qualities contributes most to one's physical wellness?

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eating well

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Optimism, trust, and self-confidence are components of

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emotional wellness

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Adam's parents are not overly concerned about their son's ability to adapt to college because he has always had a good sense of humor, been curious, and demonstrated an openness to idea. These qualities are reflective of Adam's ___ wellness.

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intellectual

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Occupational wellness is measured by how much ___ the job offers.

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happiness

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Spiritual wellness is best described as having

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meaning and purpose in one's life

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Protecting yourself from exposure to toxic substances in the workplace is an example of promoting ___ wellness.

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environmental

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If you were born in 1900, your life expectancy was approximately.

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47 years

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The average life span in the twentieth century

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nearly doubled

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Which of the following is currently America's number-one cause of death

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heart disease

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All of the following are lifestyle choices EXCEPT

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growing up on a farm

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The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and improve their health is

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health promotion

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In the past 100 years, the major cause of death have shifted from ___ to ___.

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infectious diseases; chronic diseases

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The top three causes of death among Americans age 15 to 24 are

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accidents, homicide, and suicide

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By far, the leading preventable cause of death among Americans is

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smoking

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A goal of Healthy People 2020 is to

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eliminate health disparities among Americans

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Which of the following statements regarding the health of diverse population groups is correct?

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American ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability than the US population as a whole

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John, an African American student, has chosen to incorporate exercise into his daily routine and reduce the amount of salt in his diet after finding out that his blood pressure is high. HIs decision to make these lifestyle changes is most likely based on the following health concerns for African Americans.

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They have higher rates of high blood pressure and obesity

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When compared to the general US population, Asian Americans have

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lower overall death rates

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In the US, on average

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women live about five years longer than men

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Income and education are closely linked with health status. The ___ the poverty rate and the ___ the education level, the better the health.

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lower; higher

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People with disabilities are more likely to

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be obese

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Homosexual teens are at greater risk for

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suicide

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The most important factor in determining an individual's level of wellness is

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behavior

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The complete set of genetic material in an individual's cells is referred to as his or her

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genome

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Which of the following are factors that influence wellness?

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all of these

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The following are all environmental factors, EXCEPT

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your genetic makeup

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The first step in improving wellness by lifestyle management is to

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begin with a self-assessment

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The behavior one identifies for change is called

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target behavior

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Part of a successful plan to change an unhealthy behavior is to

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start small

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THe least effective plan for starting to change health behavior is one that

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attempts to change more than one behavior at the same time

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Eduardo has identified gambling as a target behavior because it is interfering with his schoolwork. To help him stop this behavior, he may need to

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find outside help

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A target behavior can best be defined as

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one behavior you want to change

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The belief in one's ability to be successful in the performance of a given task is

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self-efficacy

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Your ability to successfully take action and perform specific tasks, defines the term

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self-efficacy

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When evaluating health topics on the Internet, check the

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qualifications of the people behind the site

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Those with an internal focus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on

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their actions

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Donna is about 25 pounds overweight, has tried a variety of diets, and has repeatedly failed to maintain weight loss. She defends her weight with the explanation that most of her relatives are overweight, and none has ever been successful with attempts to lose weight. Donna can best be described as

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having an external locus of control

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The technique of visualization is one of the best ways to

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boost your confidence

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A strategy to increase your chances of success in the pursuit of a new behavior is to

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frequently visualize goal attainment and enjoy its benefits

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Barriers to behavior change

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can be a source of information used to boost your chance of success

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The most constructive response to a temporary setback in the pursuit of a new behavior is

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accepting the fact that problems may periodically occur

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Teresa would like to begin eating healthier and has created a plan of action to help reach that goal. Her study group meets at a fast food restaurant twice a week, and she has asked them to meet at the library instead. Teresa understands that to meet her goal, she needs to

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modify her environment

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The precontemplation stage is characterized by

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a belief that there is no need for change

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During a "stages of change" behavior change program, some people may lapse. If this occurs, the best strategy for them is to

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learn from the lapse as they cycle back through earlier stages

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The order in which a behavior change strategy is implemented is

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monitor behavior, analyze data, set goals, devise a plan of action, make a contract

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Entries made into a health journal about a behavior should note all of the following EXCEPT

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what your friends and family did

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Which of the following health journal information would be of little benefit in promoting personal behavior change?

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identification of other people's reactions to your behavior

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Anne wants to lose weight and is keeping a health journal to record her progress. Which of the following questions might be appropriately asked in the course of analyzing data from her health journal?

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How many behaviors in my life are serious health threats?

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According to the SMART criteria, a behavior change such as "drink eight cups of water every day" is an example of being

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realistic

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The best plan for behavior change

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works at change systematically

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Chances of success in behavior management DECREASE if

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environmental cues are ignored

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To help ensure success with a behavior change program, you should

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develop a reward system

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Rewards included in health action plans should

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include limited participation in the behavior you are trying to eliminate

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A friend who is attempting to lose weight has been repeatedly "derailed" by coworkers who bring high-calorie snack to work. An effective strategy for her would be to

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choose new target behaviors

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A primary purpose of developing a personal contract for behavior change is to

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commit you to your word of behavior modification

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Writing a contract for behavior change involves all of the following EXCEPT

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identifying the consequences of failure to reach the established goal

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Information from a health journal maintained after a behavior change plan is put into action can be used to

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track progress

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Maintaining good health is

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an ongoing process

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With regard to one's health, which one of the following elements is most within an individual's control?

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behavior

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Which of the following is an example of taking action to modify the environment and support health behaviors?

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all of these are examples

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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding stress and the lives of college students?

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it may be one of the most stressful periods in one's life

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The term stress refers to

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situations that can trigger physical and emotional reactions

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Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions are termed

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stressors

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Which one of the following is a stressor?

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bad grade

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Which of the following systems are responsible for your body's physical response to stressors?

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nervous and endocrine

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The branch of the autonomic nervous system that activated when a person is exposed to a stressor is the ___ nervous system.

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sympathetic

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The autonomic nervous system controls all the following EXCEPT the

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ability to write

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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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is in control when one is frightened or angry

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The system of glands, tissues, and cells that helps control body functions by releasing hormones is the

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endocrine system

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During the stress response, the human adrenal glads release

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epinephrine

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During the stress response, which of the following changes occurs throughout the body as a result of the release of epinephrine.

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all of the choices are correct

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Which of the following body reactions is characteristic of the stress response?

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your heart rate increases

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Homeostasis

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is a state of stability in an individual's functions

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The division of the autonomic nervous system that slows down the body as it recovers from exposure to a stressor is the ___ nervous system.

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parasympathetic

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Once a stressful situation ends, your parasympathetic nervous system

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slows breathing

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All of the following are TRUE regarding the fight or flight response, EXCEPT that

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it is a relatively new human adaptation

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The somatic nervous system manages

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conscious actions

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Which of the following nervous systems manages John's moves as he participates in a spinning exercise class?

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somatic

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THe way in which an individual responds to stress is influenced by

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All of these influence the way an individual responds to stress

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The sum of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional tendencies refers to one's

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personality

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Which one of the following characteristics is most closely associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease?

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hostility

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The personality type associated with relaxation and contemplation is

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Type B

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An individual with a Type C personality is characterized by

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having difficulty expressing emotions

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A person who suppresses anger and feels hopeless has characteristics of which personality type?

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Type C

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Behavioral responses to stressors are controlled by which division of the nervous system?

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somatic

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Which statement about people with hardy personalities is FALSE?

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they view stressors as challenges

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An example of a resilient person would be

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a low-income student graduating from college

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According to the American Psychological Association, which percent of adult Americans suffer from stress-related health problems?

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between 70 to 80 percent

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Which of the following is a hormone involved in the regulation of mood and social interaction?

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oxytocin

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GAS is an acronym for

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general adaptation syndrome

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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

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All stress has a negative impact on physical health

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Eustress

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is stress triggered by something pleasant

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Mohammad just received an F on his term paper. Which type of stress is he likely to experience?

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distress

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Which one of the following is NOT a stage of GAS?

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acceleration

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The flight-or-fight reaction occurs during which stage of GAS?

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alarm

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Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. In which stage of GAS is Tom?

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alarm

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During the resistance stage of GAS, the body

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readjusts, regulating body systems to establish a new level of homeostasis

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General exhaustion results when

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a stressor persists over a long period of time

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Long-term overexposure to stress hormones

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has been linked to health problems

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The long-term wear and tear of the stress response has been termed

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the allostatic load

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of the interaction among all the following systems, EXCEPT the ___ system

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respiratory

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Which one of the following has been linked to a high allostatic load?

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all of these choices are correct

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Which of the following statements is NOT true of a high allostatic load?

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it is linked with physical wellness

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Shauna expects all of the following to happen when she is stressed, EXCEPT

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dilation of her blood vessels

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Which one of the following has NOT been linked to unmanaged stress?

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glaucoma

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Which of the following is INCORRECT?

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Being a little nervous before an exam will lower your performance

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Stress has been found to contribute to which of the following psychological problems?

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all of the choices are correct

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About 90% of all headaches are

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tension headaches

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The majority of migraine sufferers are

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women

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According to you text, which of the following are common sources of stress for most college students?

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academic demands and time management concerns

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Americans rated ____ as their number one source of stress

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work

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New technologies can

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have all of the above effects

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Violent surroundings and intrusive noises are examples of

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environmental stressors

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Unrealistic expectations are a type of ____ stressor

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internal

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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

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acute stress and chronic stress similarly affect the immune system

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If you are still emotionally distressed days or weeks after a tragic event,

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a and b (that is normal, give yourself more time and consider sharing your feelings with others)

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Which of the following would be the LEAST effective strategy for coping with stress?

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denying the reality of stress

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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?

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exercise reduces anxiety levels

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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?

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three 45 minute walks per week can increase your sense of wellness

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Exercise can

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b and c (release energy mobilized during the stress response and improve your sense of wellness)

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All of the following occur in non-REM sleep, EXCEPT

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the occurrence of dreams

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Peak concentrations of the levels of stress hormones in the bloodstream occur

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during the final stages of sleep

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Which of the following is TRUE?

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dreams occur during REM sleep

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A common time-management stressor is

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procrastination

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Which one of the following statements reflects your text's recommendations regarding the prioritization of tasks?

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tasks should be divided into three groups, and you should ignore the least important group

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According to your text, one strategy to improve time-management problems is to

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divide tasks into groups that can be prioritized

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In terms of time-management strategies, which one of the following is NOT considered helpful to improving your efficiency at completing tasks?

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memorizing your goals

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All of the following are recommended by your text as time-management strategies, EXCEPT

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avoiding unstructured time

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Which of the following would NOT be helpful to you in attempting to improve your productivity?

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focus on long-term goals only

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Because watching television is usually a "time sink" when you are on a deadline, it is wise to

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avoid turning on the television

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Which one of the following is a cognitive technique for stress management?

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thinking constructively

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Which one of the following is NOT a cognitive technique for stress management?

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using imagery

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Phillip is attempting to lessen his feelings of stress. Which of the following would NOT be helpful?

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trying to remember as much information as possible

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Laughter does all of the following EXCEPT

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lower blood pressure

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Laughter may be the best medicine for stress, because after a good laugh your

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heart rate is lowered

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A helpful behavior is dealing with stressful situation is to

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cultivate the ability to laugh at yourself

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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the relaxation response?

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metabolism and oxygen consumption are reduced

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Progressive relaxation techniques

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involve tensing and then relaxing muscles in your body

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Which of the following statements is TRUE of progressive relaxation?

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It requires no willpower or imagination

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Progressive relaxation is best described by which one of the following statements?

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it is a process that uses simple tensing and relaxing of muscles

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Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

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imagery is a cognitive technique designed to change typical patterns of thinking

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Carey would like to use meditation to help manage the effects of stress. Which of the following is likely to happen as a result of her use of this technique?

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It will help her tune out the world, temporarily removing sources of stress

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A stress management technique that focuses primarily on your breathing pattern is called

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hatha yoga

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Which of the following stress management techniques emphasizes the use of breathing, stretching and balance?

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hatha yoga

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Tai chi can be an effective stress reducer because it

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teaches students to remain calm and centered

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All of these are considered counterproductive coping strategies EXCEPT

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multivitamin use

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Which of the following is INCORRECT?

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caffeine acts as a sedative

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Approximately ____ of Americans use food as a coping device against stress

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25 percent

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The first step in creating a personal plan for managing stress is to

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identify your stressors

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Which of the following statements is TRUE?

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psychological health and physical health are intertwined

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Which of the following statements is most TRUE regarding psychological health?

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freedom from psychological disorders is a comprehensive definition of psychological health

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Psychological health is another term for

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mental health

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According to Maslow, basic human needs are ranked in the following order as they DECREASE in urgency

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physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self actualization

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Being self-actualized is characterized by

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realism

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Maslow would NOT have described a self-actualized person as someone who

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remains focused on the idea of the way things should be

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Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of self-actualized people?

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they are largely able to accept themselves and others

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People who are self-accepting usually

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have a positive by realistic perception of themselves

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Which of the following statements describes people who are autonomous?

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they are inner-directed

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Being inner-directed is most closely associated with

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autonomy

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Making decisions based on your own values as opposed to a larger group's is a sign of

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autonomy

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People not afraid to be themselves and be "real" can be described as

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authentic

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The ability to share feelings without fear of rejection from another is most closely associated with

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the capacity for intimacy

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A continuing appreciation of the world is most closely associated with

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creativity

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Alex, age 28, lives in a safe and friendly community, he has a stable job, and is involved in a relationship with a loving and supportive person. According to Maslow, Alex has a chance of attaining

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self-actualization

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Which of the following phrases is the best description of psychological normality?

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what most people do

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Being psycologically normal is the same as

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being close to average

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Our early identity models are most likely to be

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our parents

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One's identity

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is a lifelong process

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Maggie, a junior in college, is changing her major for the fourth time. She expresses frustration about her attempt to chose a course of study that best reflects her and her interests rather than the career path her family expects of her. Maggie is

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experiencing an identity crises

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People with established identities tend to do all the following EXCEPT

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remain isolated

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Which statement regarding the development of self-esteem is FALSE?

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rejected children may fail to develop feelings of self-worth

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Stability, as it relates to self-esteem, is best described as

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a complete absence of mixed messages about oneself from others

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A demoralized person would do all of the following EXCEPT

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take responsibility for unfortunate situations

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A technique that may aid in fighting demoralization is

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keeping a journal of self-talk

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Which of the following statements is an example of negative self-talk?

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"I won the talent contest, but only because none of the other contestants was very good."

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Defense mechanisms like humor and substitution might best be described as

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temporary means of coping

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A person who expects failure and accepts it as deserved is called a(n)

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pessimist

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A defense mechanism by which unacceptable inner impulses are attributed to others is

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projection

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A defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts or wishes are excluded from consciousness is

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repression

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A psychological defense by which unacceptable feelings are transferred from one event or person to a less threatening one is

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displacement

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What is the defense mechanism that allows a false; acceptable reason to be given when the real reason is unacceptable?

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rationalization

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Expressing wishes forcefully, but not necessarily hostiley, describes being

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assertive

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A part of assertiveness is characterized most by

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getting what you want

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All of the following are positive reasons to socialize EXCEPT

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fear of being alone

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If you feel explosive anger coming on, one strategy for managing it is to

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try to reframe what you are thinking at the moment

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If you are dealing with anger in another person, you should NOT

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accept the verbal abuse, as it is usually a temporary display

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Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for heading off explosive anger?

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having an alcoholic drink

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According to the National Institute of Mental Health in 2009, approximately what percent of adult Americans who suffered from a diagnosable psychological disorder?

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26 percent

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Psychological disorders may be a result of all the following EXCEPT

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good coping skills

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People exposed to a higher number of traumatic life events than others typically

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a and b

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Which of the following statements about fear is false?

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it is a useful tool to cope with life

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Which of the following does NOT play a major part in psychological disorders?

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they all play a major part

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An example of a specific phobia is fear of

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dogs

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Which of the following is a social phobia?

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fear of embarrassment

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Fear of public speaking is actually a

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fear of being observed by others.

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People usually develop panic disorder in their

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early twenties

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Panic disorder is

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a type of anxiety disorder

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Symptoms of panic disorder typically include

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a loss of physical equilibrium

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Fear of flying is an example of

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panic disorder

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Shyness is often the result of high levels of anxiety and

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lack of social skills

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A condition that causes the sufferer to fear future threats, pushing out all other thoughts, is called

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generalized anxiety disorder

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An obsession is a ____ thought

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cultivated, irrational

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Repetitive, hard-to-resist actions associated with obsessions are

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compulsions

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An example of an obsession is

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concern of contracting syphilis from a handshake

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An example of a compulsion is

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constant and repetitive hand washing

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Post-traumatic stress disorder is most likely to occur after which of the following?

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rape

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Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder

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include re-experiencing the trauma in dreams and intrusive memories

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A person who is housebound because of severe anxiety has

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agoraphobia

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After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, PTSD was shown to have affected

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all of the above

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Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?

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loss of pleasure in doing usual activities

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Which of the following is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of suicide?

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all of the above

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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for suicide?

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suicide of a family member or friend

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Biological researchers have found genetic influences on

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...

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Though ____ attempt suicide more often, ____ succeed more often.

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women; men

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Of the millions of people suffering from clinical depression, ___ seek treatment.

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35 percent

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Which of the following is the best initial treatment for a person with moderate to severe depression?

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drug therapy combined with psychotherapy

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A key neurotransmitter that is important in the treatment of depression is called

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serotonin

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A treatment used for severe depression when other approaches fail is

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electroconvulsive therapy

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THe preferred method of treatment for seasonal affective disorder is

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light therapy

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Seasonal affective disorder

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is more prevalent among people living at higher altitudes

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Which of the following attribute best characterizes manic behavior?

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...

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Manic disorders are characterized by

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high energy levels

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A drug commonly used to prevent mood swings associated with bipolar disorder is

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lithium carbonate

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A delusion is

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a firmly held false belief

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Which of the following is NOT a likely characteristic of a schizophrenic disorder?

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compulsive organization

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Schizophrenic disorders are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

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extremely high energy levels

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Which of the following statements is TRUE of schizophrenia?

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schizophrenics can be logical in their thinking

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Which statement regarding schizophrenics is false?

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they are not at risk for suicide

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Treatment for which of the following disorders MUST include drug therapy?

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schizophrenia

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For some, self-help can be very useful. This includes

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raising self-esteem by conteracting negative thoughts and people

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Religious belief

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promotes psychological health for some individuals

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College students can typically find inexpensive mental health care through

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all of the above

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Which of the following statements regarding professional help for psychological health is TRUE?

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for some, professional help is a choice; for others, it is a necessity

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The type of therapy based on the premise that the mind's activity depends on the brain and is genetically determined is ___ therapy.

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cognitive

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The type of therapy that focuses on what people do is ____ therapy

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behavioral

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The technique of exposure is used to

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encourage people to face their fears

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The type of therapy that emphasizes the effects of ideas on behaviors and feelings is ____ therapy

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...

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In the cognitive therapeutic approach, patients are taught to

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...

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been developed for all of the following, EXCEPT

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...

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Which of the following statements about peer counselors is FALSE?

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they can recommend specific treatment options

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Which mental health professional is involved when a person requires medication?

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psychiatrist

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

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drowsiness

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Which of the following mental health professionals is a licensed physician?

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psychiatrist

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Which of the following professionals requires the most formal education?

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psychiatrist

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To help reduce social anxiety,

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a and b

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Gonads are

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ovaries and testes

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What are considered the basic units of reproduction in both males and females?

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germ cells

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The external female sex organs are called the

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vulva

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The ___ consists of spongy tissue that becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement.

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clitoris

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In females, the prepuce is also called the

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clitoral hood

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The passage that leads to the internal female reproductive organs is the

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vagina

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The fertilized egg is implanted in the ___, where it grows into a fetus.

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uterus

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The fallopian tubes link the

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ovaries and uterus

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The scrotum

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maintains the temperature of the testes

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The temperature of the testes is approximately __ than the temperature of the rest of the body.

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5 degrees cooler

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Sperm are manufactured in

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tubules in the testes

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The sperm-storing structure on the surface of the testicles is the

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epididymis

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Sperm is carried from the epididymis through the

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vas deferens

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The prostate gland

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produces part of the seminal fluid

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The route sperm take is

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testes to epididymis to vas deferens to prostate gland to seminal vesicles to ejaculatory ducts

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The glans is

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the rounded head of the clitoris or the penis

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A direct analogy can be made between the clitoris and the

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glans penis

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Male circumcision involves removal of

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the prepuce

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Circumcision is the surgical removal of the

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foreskin of the penis

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Which percentage of newborn males in the United States are circumcised?

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50 to 60 percent

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Although American newborn males are circumcised at a rate of about ___ percent, that rate is down from a high of about ___ percent in the 1960s.

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55; 90

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On the arguments made in support of male circumcision is that

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it reduces teh risk of urinary tract infections in newborns

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Hormones are produced by

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all of these

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Male sex hormones are

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androgens

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The female sex hormones include high levels of

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FSH and LH

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Which of the following are female sex hormones?

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estrogens and progestins

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The hormones secreted by the ___ gland regulate the hormones secreted by the ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.

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pituitary

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Which of the following chromosomal configurations denotes female?

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Which of the following chromosomal configurations denotes male?

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Which male organ produces testosterone?

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testes

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The period during which both the male and female reproductive system matures is called

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puberty

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The first sign of femals puberty is

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breast development

question

The average age of menarche in the US is about

answer

12 years of age

question

Which of the following is the first phase of the menstrual cycle?

answer

menses

question

The menstrual cycle consists of four phases is the following order:

answer

menses, estrogenic phase, ovulation, progestationaly phase

question

Which of the four phases of the menstrual cycle is characterized by menstrual flow?

answer

menses

question

The release of the ovum is a characteristic of

answer

ovulation

question

Ovulation theoretically occurs

answer

14 days prior to the onset of menses

question

Which of the following is teh most accurate definition of dysmenorrhea?

answer

painful menstruation

question

Place the following conditions in order of severity of symptoms, from least severe to most severe

answer

premenstrual tension, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

question

Which of the following statements regarding premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is CORRECT?

answer

it interferes with normal daily activities

question

Which of the following strategies is not recommended to relieve PMS symptoms?

answer

eating a diet low in complex carbs and higher in fat

question

Which of the following is not recommended for the self-treatment of premenstrual syndrome?

answer

decreasing exercise

question

Reproductive maturation of boys lags behind that of girls by about ___ year(s).

answer

two

question

The cessation of menstruation around age 50 is called

answer

menopause

question

In a very large study of women in 2002, the use of hormone therapy was found to be associated with

answer

increased incidence of heart attacks

question

Which one of the following statements about the aging male is TRUE?

answer

testosterone production decreases as men age

question

The most obvious and effective physical simulation involves

answer

touching

question

Areas of the body that are sensitive to touch are called

answer

erogenous zones

question

The engorgement of tissues that results when more blood flows into an organ than is flowing out is called

answer

vasocongestion

question

The first stage of the sexual response cycle is the ___ phase.

answer

excitement

question

Which of the following is not a common occurence during the first stage of sexual response?

answer

rhythmic contractions in the vagina and penis

question

The second stage of the sexual response cycle is the _____ phase

answer

plateau

question

The plateau phase of the sexual response cycle is characterized by

answer

more marked reactions than were initiated in the excitement phase

question

The third stage of the sexual response cycle is the ___ phase

answer

orgasmic

question

Rhythmical contractions of the male and female reproductive structures occur during the

answer

orgasmic phase

question

The fourth stage of the sexual response cycle is the ___ phse

answer

orgasmic

question

Male and female reactions during the sexual response cycle differ in which of hte following ways?

answer

males enter a refractory period

question

The refractory period is the

answer

period during which the male cannot be restimulated to orgasm

question

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of endometriosis?

answer

growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus

question

_____ is a condition in which the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.

answer

endometriosis

question

Endometriosis is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

answer

pelvic inflammatory disease

question

At what age is testicular cancer most frequently diagnosed?

answer

age 20 to 39

question

The term impotence is also called

answer

erectile dysfunction

question

A male attempting to engage in intercouse after excessive alcohol consumption is likely to experience

answer

erectile dysfunction

question

Drinking alcohol prior to sexual activity

answer

makes orgasm more difficult to achieve

question

The first step for the treatment of sexual dysfunciton is

answer

identifying possible medical conditions

question

The best current explanation for the development of sexual orientation is

answer

a complex, interrelated set of biological, psychological and social factors

question

oral stimulation of the female genitalia is called

answer

cunnilingus

question

Oral stimulation of the penis is called

answer

falltio

question

The most extreme form of sexual coercion is

answer

rape

question

Which of the following is a part of healthy, responsible sexual behavior?

answer

practicing safe sex to avoid STDs

question

Sexual privacy includes all of the following EXCEPT

answer

dark rooms

question

____ is the natural process of fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

answer

conception

question

The cell that is created from the fertilization of an ovum with a sperm is called a(n)

answer

zygote

question

The fertilized egg rests in the lining of the

answer

uterus

question

If the female egg is not fertilized, it will disintegrate after about

answer

24 hours

question

An ovum or a sperm has ___ chromosomes.

answer

question

The basic units of heredity that direct the structure and function of all body cells are

answer

genes

question

Barbara has just given birth to quadruplets - two boys and two girls. At least how many eggs had to be fertilized?

answer

two

question

Fraternal twins

answer

are no more alike than other siblings

question

Alice delivered a set of fraternal twins. Which of the following statements about them is TRUE?

answer

they came from two eggs fertilized by a single sperm

question

Identical twins

answer

share the same genetic code

question

What percentage of the reproductive-age population of the US is affected by infertility?

answer

7.5 percent

question

Pelvic inflammatory disease is most often the result of

answer

scarring from sexually transmitted diseases

question

Kelley's infertility is caused by blocked fallopian tubes. She has no history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted diseases. What is the most likely cause of the blockage?

answer

endometriosis

question

Emily is 30 years old and concerned about the possibility of infertility if she continues to postpone pregnancy. Most physicians would advise her

answer

to have a fertility workup

question

Each of the following is a cause of male infertility EXCEPT

answer

irregular ejaculation

question

Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for male infertility?

answer

age

question

___ is the procedure in which the man's sperm is collected and concentrated and introduced by syringe into a woman's vagina or uterus

answer

artificial (intrauterine) insemination

question

A common treatment for male infertility is

answer

artificial (intrauterine) insemination

question

The process that results in fertilization of an ovum in a lab dish is called

answer

in vitro fertilization

question

Surgically placing eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes prior to fertilization is known as

answer

GIFT

question

The hormone found only in pregnant women that, when detected, confirms pregnancy is

answer

human chorionic gonadotropin

question

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone

answer

secreted by the implanted fertilized egg

question

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of pregnancy?

answer

Braxton Hicks contractions

question

Hegar's sign is

answer

the softening of the uterus near the cervix

question

How much weight does a woman gain during a healthy pregnancy, on average?

answer

25-30 pounds

question

Braxton Hicks contractions and lightening occur during

answer

the third trimester

question

The greatest degree of physical stress associated with pregnancy occurs

answer

during the third trimester

question

Which of the following is NOT a common occurence for women during pregnanct?

answer

having limited physical abilities

question

Cell differentiation and subsequent fetal development are directed by

answer

genetic instructions

question

The hollow organ in which the blastocyst embeds itself is the

answer

uterus

question

The conglomerate of cells that implants in the uterus and lays the foundation for the development of the placenta and eventual development of the fetus is the

answer

blastocyst

question

A key event occuring in the second week following fertilization is

answer

the heart beginning to beat

question

The blastocyst becomes an embryo about __ days after fertilization.

answer

question

The blastocyst develops into an

answer

embryo

question

The inner cells of the blastocyst separate into three layers. These three layers become the

answer

embryo

question

The outer shell of the conglomerate of cells that embeds in the uterus becomes the

answer

placenta

question

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of pregnancy?

answer

back ache

question

The ___ provides a two-way exchange of nutrients and waste materials between the mother and the fetus.

answer

placenta

question

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the placenta?

answer

it allows a two-way exchange of nutrients

question

The stage of prenatal development characterized by development of major body structures and organ systems is

answer

the first trimester

question

Which of the following occurs during the first trimester?

answer

the heart begins to beat

question

Which of the following best describes what occurs by the third month of prenatal development?

answer

the fetus becomes active

question

The earliest point in pregnancy in which a fetus might survive outside of the uterus is

answer

end of the second trimester

question

An ultrasound does NOT provide information about

answer

Down syndrome

question

Ultrasonography is NOT useful in determining ___ of a fetus

answer

genetic disorders

question

An amniocentesis

answer

is performed primarily to collect genetic information of a fetus

question

The primary difference between amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the

answer

point in the pregnancy when the test can be performed

question

The quadruple marker screen (QMS) is used to detect

answer

neural tube defects

question

A quadruple marker screen test can be used to help identify

answer

fetuses with neural tube defects

question

An area of research known as fetal programming theory examines how ___ may influence the risk of adult diseases

answer

conditions of the womb

question

Pregnant women typically need to consume how many extra calories a day?

answer

250-500

question

The Rh factor is a(n)

answer

blood protein

question

Pregnant women should avoid eating

answer

fruits and vegetables with chemicals

question

Which vitamin is important for pregnant women?

answer

folate

question

What does QMS measure?

answer

maternal hormones

question

Bonnie's pregnancy has been confirmed with a home pregnancy test. Bonnie should

answer

establish a relationship with a health care provider so that she can receive the appropriate prenatal care

question

The fetus is extremely vulnerable to environmental factors that can cause birth defects during the

answer

first trimester

question

Tertogens are

answer

agents that can cause birth defects

question

Unusual facial features, a small head, and heart defects are characteristic of babies born to mothers whjo

answer

used alcohol during pregnancy

question

Babies born with fetal alcohol syndrome

answer

may exhibit abnormal behavior patterns

question

Cigarette use during pregnancy increases the risk of

answer

low birth weight

question

Pregnant women who smoke increase the risk of

answer

miscarriage

question

Pregnant women with HIV

answer

can reduce the risk of transmission to the baby with treatment

question

Which one of the following is the most customary recommendation regarding exercise during pregnancy?

answer

continue a moderate exercise program

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of exercise during pregnancy?

answer

weight loss during pregnancy

question

____ exercises are recommended for pregnant women to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

answer

kegel

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason to undertake prenatal exercise and childbirth classes?

answer

minimizing weight gain

question

Typically, women receive how many checkup during the first eight months of pregnancy?

answer

once a month

question

A(n) ____ pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg is implanted outside the uterus.

answer

ectopic

question

A spontaneous abortion is more commonly known as

answer

a miscarriage

question

Spontaneous abortions are most commonly caused by

answer

chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus

question

Which of the following statements about low-birth-weight babies is TRUE?

answer

good prenatal care is the best strategy for prevcenting low birth weight

question

To reduce the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), parents should

answer

put babies to sleep on their backs

question

The first stage of labor is characterized by

answer

dilation of the cervix

question

Strong and frequent uterine contractions are characteristic of

answer

transition

question

The second stage of labor ends with

answer

the delivery of the baby

question

The third stage of labor is characterized by

answer

delivery of the placenta

question

The Apgar score that indicates a newborn baby is doing well five minutes after birth is

answer

7-10

question

Which of the following is not a benefit associated with breastfeeding?

answer

breastfeeding is a reliable form of birth control

question

Which of the following is not a usual characteristic of postpartum "baby blues"?

answer

despondency

question

Which of the following is not an expected occurrence for most mothers during the postpartum period?

answer

postpartum depression

question

A contraceptive that physically blocks the sperm from reaching the egg is

answer

a barrier method

question

A contraceptive method that more or less permanently prevents transport of the sperm or egg to the site of conception is a

answer

surgical method

question

The "typical use" contraceptive failure rate is based on studies that measure the percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy in the first

answer

year of use

question

A woman that is consistently careful in following instructions is labeled as having the "perfect use" failure rate. What is that failure rate?

answer

.3 percent

question

The continuation rate of a contraceptive is determined by the percentage of

answer

people who continue to use it after a specified period of time

question

Oral contraceptives prevent conception by

answer

preventing ovulation by mimicking the hormonal activity of the corpus luteum

question

Any agent or method that can prevent pregnancy is known as

answer

contraceptive

question

In addition to preventing ovulation, the birth control pill apparently prevents conception in all of the following ways EXCEPT

answer

constricting the cervical opening

question

The most common type of oral contraceptive is the

answer

combination pill

question

In addition to hormone pills, most contraceptive packets also include

answer

one week of inactive pills

question

When using a combination pill, placebo pills

answer

do not contain hormones

question

Back-up contraception should be used for how long when a woman first starts on the pill?

answer

during the first week

question

All of the following are true about the minipill EXCEPT that

answer

it has more side effects and health risks than other hormonal contraceptives

question

The benefit of lower doses of estrogen in oral contraceptives is

answer

fewer health risks

question

Which of the following statements about oral contraceptives is TRUE?

answer

oral contraceptive contains both estrogen and progestins, a synthetic progesterone.

question

The most important advantage of oral contraceptives is the

answer

high degree of effectiveness in preventing pregnancy

question

Oral contraceptives do NOT decrease risk for

answer

sexually transmitted diseases

question

Which of the following is probably the most serious disadvantage of oral contraceptives for most women?

answer

they provide no protection against STDs

question

Oral contraception is NOT recommended for women with

answer

a history of blood clots

question

Which of the following actions will reduce risks associated with the use of oral contraceptives?

answer

stopping smoking

question

When a woman is using an oral contraceptive she can recall the mnemonic ACHES to stay alert for preliminary danger signals. What does the "A" stand for?

answer

abdominal pain

question

The typical first-year failure rate for oral contraceptive is ___ percent

answer

question

How does risk of death from oral contraceptive use compare with the risk of death from pregnancy?

answer

risk of death from pregnancy is much higher

question

The Ortho Evra contraceptive skin patch is worn for ___ before being replaced.

answer

1 week

question

The ortho evra contraceptive skin patch can be worn on any of the following places EXCEPT the

answer

breasts

question

Compliance is higher for the contraceptive skin patch than for oral contraceptives probably beacause

answer

the patch requires weekly instead of daily action

question

For women who use the vaginal contraceptive ring, when should it be inserted?

answer

anytime during the first five days of her menstrual cycle

question

After insertion, the vaginal contraceptive ring is left in the vagina for ____ before removal

answer

three weeks

question

The NuvaRing offers pregnancy protection for how long?

answer

one month

question

The perfect-use failure rate of the NuvaRing is ____ percent

answer

0.3

question

The typical-use failure rate of the NuvaRing is ____ percent.

answer

question

The Implanion implant is a(n) ___ contraceptive.

answer

hormonal

question

For how long is Implanon effective?

answer

three years

question

Which of the following methods is considered a "contraceptive implant"?

answer

Implanion

question

Depo-Provera is

answer

administered by injection

question

Which of the following is a progestin-only contraceptive, providing no estrogen?

answer

Depo-provera

question

A disadvantage of depo provera is taht

answer

after use is discontinued, infertility may result for up to twelve months

question

Which of the following can be used for emergency contraception?

answer

Next Choice

question

Emergency hormonal contraceptives reduce pregnancy risk by almost ____ percent.

answer

question

For emergency contraception to be most effective, the first dose must be taken within ___ hours of unprotected intercourse.

answer

question

Which of the following statements is accurate?

answer

Emergency contraceptives are available over the counter for women and men 17 and older

question

Which currently available IUD is effective for up to ten years?

answer

Copper T-380 A

question

How exactly does the IUD prevent pregnancy?

answer

It is not known with certainty exactly how IUDs prevent pregnancy

question

The nylon threads that are attached to the IUD and protrude through the cervix

answer

allow for placement check

question

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that use of an IUD can greatly reduce the risk of developing which type of cancer?

answer

endometrial

question

Which of the following statements about IUDs is INCORRECT?

answer

It can be inserted by the user in privacy

question

Which of the following statements about IUD use is FALSE?

answer

Bleeding and spotting may occur between periods

question

Which of the following statements regarding IUD users and pelvic inflammatory disease is TRUE?

answer

Most cases of PID among IUD users can be treated with antibiotics

question

Which of the following statements regarding the IUD is FALSE?

answer

The IUD is unsuitable for women with suspected pregnancy

question

Early IUD danger signals include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

foul vaginal discahrge

question

Most condoms sold in the US are made of

answer

latex

question

Which of the following lubricants can be used safely with a latex condom?

answer

KY jelly

question

Which of the following is TRUE about condoms pre-lubricated with nonoxynol-9?

answer

They are not more effective than those without nonoxynol-9

question

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of condoms?

answer

they are as effective as oral contraceptions

question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of condom use?

answer

they diminish sensation during sex

question

The perfect-use failure rate of condoms for the first year is about ___ percent.

answer

question

The rate for breaking and slipping of latex male condoms is about ___ times for every 100 instances of use.

answer

1 to 2

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

polyurethane condoms are more likely to break than latex condoms

question

Some substances seriously degrade latex condoms, making them ineffective. Which of the following can be used with latex condoms?

answer

K-Y jelly

question

If a condom breaks, the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of pregnancy is to

answer

take an emergency contraceptive

question

The female condom

answer

can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse

question

Which of the following methods should NOT be combined with a diaphragm use?

answer

vaginal contraceptive ring

question

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the female condom?

answer

the female condom is less expensive than the male condom

question

The typical first-year failure rate of the female condom is about ___ percent.

answer

question

The function of the diaphragm is to

answer

cover the cervix

question

After intercourse, the diaphragm must be left in place for at least

answer

6 hours

question

While in storage, diaphragms should be coated with

answer

nothing

question

For how long can the diaphragm be inserted before intercourse?

answer

six hours

question

A disadvantage of the diaphragm is that

answer

it must be used with a spermicide

question

With perfect use of a diaphragm the failure rate is about ___ percent.

answer

question

Which of the following is a reason that diaphragms have a relatively high typical-use failure rate?

answer

incorrect insertion and positioning

question

Ortho Evra is the brand name of which type of contraception?

answer

contraceptive skin patch

question

A small flexible cup that fits over the cervix and serves as a barrier to sperm is the

answer

Cervical Cap

question

A cervical cap may be left in place after intercourse for up to

answer

48 hours

question

An advantage of the cervical cap over the diaphragm is that it

answer

is less associated with urinary tract infections

question

Which of the following is not an advantage of the contraceptive sponge?

answer

it can be used multiple times

question

Which of the following is not considered a disadvantage of the sponge?

answer

additional spermicide must be applied every six to eight hourse

question

Contraceptive foams, creams and jellies must be inserted

answer

deep in the vagina near the cervix

question

How long before intercourse must vaginal spermicides be inserted to be effective?

answer

Not longer than 1 hour

question

Vaginal spermicides start drastically losing effectiveness ___ hour(s) after insertion into the vagina.

answer

one

question

Spermicides

answer

must be applied before each act of coitus

question

Vaginal spermicides come in all of the following forms, EXCEPT

answer

aerosol spray

question

Vaginal Contraceptive Film is a type of

answer

spermicidal suppository

question

Douching is not recommended for women because it

answer

can irritate vaginal tissue

question

The life span of an unfertilized egg is about __ hours

answer

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a "natural" form of contraception?

answer

fertility awareness

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

males and females over the age of 13 can buy emergency contraception

question

The mucus method of contraception is also called the

answer

Billings method

question

The temperature method of birth control is based on the knowledge that a woman's body temp

answer

decreases slightly just before ovulation

question

Which of hte following is often characteristic of cervical secretions during ovulation?

answer

clear, slippery mucus with elastic threads

question

Withdrawal has a relatively low effectiveness as a contraceptive method owing to

answer

preejaculatory fluid

question

Surgical severing of the ducts that carry sperm to the seminal vesicles is called

answer

vasectomy

question

Which of the following statements regarding sterilization is TRUE?

answer

Another form of birth control should be used for three months after the procedure

question

Tubal sterilization or tubul ligation entails the severing or blocking of the

answer

oviducts

question

Which of the following is TRUE about tubal sterilization?

answer

serious complications from the procedure are rarte

question

The Essure System of female sterilization works by

answer

causing scar tissue to form over implants to block the fallopian tubes

question

Surgical removal of the uterus is called

answer

hysterectomy

question

As it is commonly used, the word abortion

answer

refers to artificially induced expulsion of the fetus

question

____ refers to the spontaneous expulsion of an embryo or a fetus from the uterus with no casual intervention.

answer

miscarriage

question

When did courts in the US begin to overturn state anti-abortion laws?

answer

1960s

question

After teh Supreme Court legalized abortion,

answer

later ruling gave the states more power to set abortion policy

question

By what year were there laws against abortion in practically every state in the US?

answer

1800s

question

Abortion was made legal by the US Supreme Court in

answer

1973

question

The supreme court case that legalized abortion was

answer

Roe v. Wade

question

According to Roe v. Wade, states may regulate abortion

answer

for the period after which the fetus becomes viable

question

The Supreme Court's division of pregnancy into three parts, or trimesters

answer

gave a woman less choice about abortion as she advanced toward full term

question

During the second trimester, women may choose an abortion up to the point when the fetus is deemed viable, which means the fetus

answer

can survive outside the uterus

question

Most clinicians currently consider a fetus viable at ___ weeks of gestation.

answer

question

The percentage of all pregnancies in the US that end with an abortion is closest to

answer

25 percent

question

What did Roe v. Wade establish as the key criterion for establishing the point beyond which a woman's ability to choose abortion becomes markedly restricted?

answer

viability of the fetus

question

What percentage of pregnancies in the US are unintended?

answer

question

Since the mid-1970s, the number of women who choose to place a child up for adoption

answer

has dropped

question

The attitude of most adult Americans toward abortion is

answer

that it should be allowed only in cases of rape

question

Approximately what percentage of the population approves of legal abortions under ANY circumstance?

answer

25 percent

question

Those whol hold the pro-life position believe that the fertilized egg

answer

should have the same rights as any human from the point of conception

question

Which of the following is a personal consideration for a woman considering abortion?

answer

all of these

question

Research indicates that women who have had abortions

answer

have neither higher or lower frequency of psychiatric diagnoses than those who have not

question

Most induced abortions occur __ weeks of gestation.

answer

at 9-12

question

At current rates, about ___ percent of American women will have had an abortion by age 45

answer

question

The belief that the decision to end or continue a pregnancy is a personal matter reflects which view?

answer

pro-choice

question

Those who oppose abortion because they believe all life begins at conception reflect which view?

answer

pro-life

question

Which of the following is a pro-life view?

answer

all abortion should be illegal

question

Based on national research, which of hte following is NOT characteristic of most American women who have abortions?

answer

first time pregnant

question

When deciding to follow through with an unwanted pregnancy and give the baby up for adoption, the mother

answer

should see a counselor to make her choice

question

In which type of adoption do the birth parents and adoptive parents never meet each other?

answer

private

question

In which type of adoption do the birth parents and adoptive parents know something about one another and may meet?

answer

open

question

The majority of women in the US who have abortions

answer

are low income

question

Suction curretage abortions make up what percentage of all abortions?

answer

85 percent

question

Another name for suction curettage is

answer

dilation and curretage

question

Suction curettage is the most common method of abortion during

answer

the first trimester

question

Suction curettage is used in about what percentage of all abortions performed in the US?

answer

85 percent

question

An abortion option for women in the earliest stages of pregnancy is

answer

suction curettage

question

The most common method of abortion during the 13th to 24th weeks of pregnancy is

answer

dilation and evacuation

question

Which of hte following statements about dilation and evacuation is TRUE?

answer

It requires cervical dilation overnight before the procdure is completed

question

Medical abortion is generally used

answer

within 49 days of the last menstrual period

question

A medical abortion uses what to induce the abortion?

answer

combination of drugs

question

Which of the following does NOT reduce the risk of possible complications from an abortion?

answer

general anesthesia

question

Cramping and bleeding after an abortion

answer

are expected part of the process

question

Which of the following is a post-abortion danger sign?

answer

abdominal tenderness

question

Which of the following most accurately characterizes women's psychological reactions to having an abortion?

answer

psychological reactions depend on a woman's psychological makeup

question

In what way is alcohol similar to other drugs?

answer

Its physiological effects can cause long-term damage

question

A standard drink contains about

answer

0.6 ounces of alcohol

question

Beer usually contains what percentage of alcohol?

answer

3-6 percent

question

The process of fermentation is utilized in making

answer

wine

question

The approximate concentration of alcohol in a hard liquor such as vodka or gin is

answer

35-50 percent

question

Wines with the highest concentration of alcohol are called

answer

fortified

question

Which of the following beverages has the highest concentration of alcohol?

answer

sherry

question

The proof value of an alcoholic beverage is

answer

two times the percentage of alcohol in the beverage

question

A 20 proof beverage is ___ percent alcohol.

answer

question

Alcohol is metabolized

answer

at a varied rate depending on individual characteristscs

question

The carbonation in an alcoholic beverage like champagne

answer

speeds up the absorption rate of alcohol, thereby increasing the degree of impairment

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between food and alcohol consumption?

answer

eating slows alcohol absorption

question

Which of the following does NOT influence how long it takes for alcohol to be absorbed in the stomach?

answer

time of day that alcohol is consumed

question

The main site of alcohol metabolism is in the

answer

liver

question

What percentage of ingested alcohol is NOT metabolized in the liver but is excreted unchanged?

answer

2-10 percent

question

Which of the following statements about alcohol is TRUE?

answer

some alcohol is excreted by the lungs, which is the basis of breath analyses for alcohol levels

question

The amount of alcohol in the blood, which is used as a measure of intoxication, is called

answer

blood alcohol concentration

question

One reason that females usually become intoxicated more quickly than males is that

answer

the stomach enzyme that metabolizes alcohol is less active in women than in men

question

One reason that women have higher BACs than men after ingesting the same amount of alcohol is that women have

answer

a higher percentage of body fat

question

A man who weighs 150 pounds will metabolize one drink (one beer or glass of wine) in

answer

2 hours

question

At what blood alcohol concentration are you likely to first feel "relaxed"?

answer

less than 0.05 percent

question

What is the estimated time required to metabolize a BAC of .05 percent?

answer

4-6 hours

question

What would be the estimated blood alcohol concentration for a person who is experiencing emotional instability and exaggerated feelings and behavior?

answer

0.05-0.10 percent

question

How many house would be required to metabolize a blood alcohol concentration of 0.10-0.15 percent?

answer

6 to 10 hours

question

At what blood alcohol concentration are you likely to experience unsteadiness in walking and standing?

answer

0.05-0.10

question

At what blood alcohol concentration is pain perception significantly impaired?

answer

.05-.1

question

At what blood alcohol concentration could a person become unconscious?

answer

0.30-0.35 percent

question

Alcohol is classified as a(n)

answer

depressant

question

Initial effects of low concentrations of alcohol include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

sleepiness

question

Which of the following effects of alcohol use are likely to occur at the lower levels of BAC?

answer

light-headedness

question

At high blood alcohol concentrations, people are LEAST likely to feel

answer

jovial

question

A high blood alcohol concentration is most likely to increase

answer

irritability

question

Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of an intoxicated person?

answer

improved problem-solving skills

question

All of the following are symptoms of a hangover EXCEPT

answer

cough

question

Which of the following can cause death by alcohol poisoning?

answer

central nervous system and respiratory depression

question

Which of the following is an appropriate way to deal with an alcohol emergency?

answer

If unconscious, place the person on his side with his knees up

question

In a 2010 survey, what percentage of US adult drivers 18-20 admitted to during while under the influence of alcohol?

answer

15 percent

question

Many states have zero-tolerance laws, in which drivers under age 21

answer

will have their driver's license suspended after drinking any alcohol

question

A person with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.14 percent will be ___ times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than a sober driver.

answer

question

The legal BAC limit in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia is

answer

0.08 percent

question

Which of the following is a good strategy for protecting yourself if you suspect another driver is drunk?

answer

maintain a safe distance and stay alert

question

Continued overuse of alcohol commonly causes scarring in the

answer

liver

question

A disease of the liver caused by excessive and chronic drinking is

answer

cirrhosis

question

Which of the following is associated with cirrhosis?

answer

replacement of liver cells with scar tissue

question

Which of the following statements about alcohol-related pancreatitis is TRUE?

answer

Alcoholic pancreatitis occurs in those who engage in binge rinking

question

Some alcoholics show a weakening of the heart muscle, called

answer

cardiac myopathy

question

Which of the following are effects of chronic alcohol abuse on the brain?

answer

shrinkage of both grey and white matter

question

Approximately what percentage of alcoholics in the US experience dementia, memory loss and impaired reasoning?

answer

50 percent

question

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by

answer

impaired mental functioning

question

The effects of fetal alcohol syndrome are

answer

both physical and mental impairments

question

Cognitive and behavioral problems for infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy that is more common than fetal alcohol syndrome is

answer

alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder

question

Alcohol consumption by the mother can pose risks for the fetus

answer

throughout the pregnancy

question

Which of the following is the most accurate discription of the safe limit of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

answer

no alcohol consumed during pregnancy

question

Early in a pregnancy, heavy drinking by the mother may cause

answer

spontaneous abortion or miscarriage

question

Among people under age 35,

answer

light drinkers have lower mortality rates than both nondrinkers and heavy drinkers

question

Cardiovascular benefits from moderate alcohol consumption may be due to

answer

increased levels of HDL cholesterol

question

Alcohol may positive affect the cardiovascular system by

answer

reducing the risk of clot formation

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning alcohol use?

answer

health benefits from alcohol are negated by heavy use

question

Which of the following would probably NOT be a sign of impending alcohol abuse?

answer

drinking moderate amounts with most evening meals

question

Binge drinking is defined as drinking ___ drinks or more in about two hours, at least once within 30 days

answer

question

Alcohol dependence is also known as

answer

alcoholism

question

Among Americans under 21, most drinking

answer

is in the form of binging

question

Among college students, frequent binge drinkers are __ times more likely to engage in unplanned sexual activity, drive after drinking, or get injured than non-binge drinkers.

answer

3 to 7

question

Negative consequences associated with binge drinking include

answer

all of the above choices

question

What percentage of college binge drinkers identify themselves as problem drinkers?

answer

fewer than 1 percent

question

Which of the following is NOT a common pattern of alcohol consumption associated with alcohol dependence?

answer

long periods of sobriety interspersed with binges

question

Requiring more of a substance to get the same desired effect is known as

answer

tolerance

question

Lowered sensitivity to a drug such that a given dose no longer produces the usual effect is called

answer

tolerance

question

The unpleasant physical and mental state experienced when abstaining from alcohol after heavy use is known as

answer

withdrawal

question

Which of the following has a mortality rate as high as 15 percent?

answer

delirium tremens

question

Binge drinking among college students is difficult to address because

answer

it is so widespread

question

Alcoholics who stop drinking on their own often do so because of

answer

an alcohol-related crisis

question

Which of the following statements about alcohol treatment is TRUE?

answer

Different alcohol treatment strategies work for different people

question

An important component of treating alcoholism is

answer

identifying which treatment strategy will be most effective

question

Which of the following statements about naltrexone is TRUE?

answer

it decreases the pleasant effects of alcohol without making the person ill

question

The prolonged use of chemical substitutes in the treatment of alcoholism could

answer

lead to dependence on the substitute drug

question

Eating before and while drinking

answer

slows the rate of alcoholic absorption

question

A responsible party hose will

answer

make all of the above choices

question

Which of the following statements is MOST characteristic of alcoholism among white American men?

answer

A common pattern is a man becoming alcohollic in his early forties after beginning to drink excessively in his twenties

question

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of alcoholism in women as compared to in men?

answer

women tend to become alcoholics later in life

question

Which of the following statements regarding male and female use of alcohol is TRUE?

answer

women may have a higher biological risk than men

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

African Americans have a higher rate of alcohol-related problems than the general population

question

Which of the following groups has a lower-than-average rate of alcohol-abuse problems?

answer

Asian Americans

question

Which of the following groups has a rate of alcoholism twice the national average?

answer

American Indians

question

What is the addictive drug in tobacco?

answer

nicotine

question

The predominant psychoactive drug in tobacco is

answer

nicotine

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

nicotine is considered a powerful depressant

question

The primary reason people continue to use tobacco despite the health risks is because

answer

they are addicted to nicotine

question

On average, a regular user of tobacco can go how long between dosages of nicotine?

answer

no more than 40 minutes

question

Lynette has not had a cigarette for over an hour. Which of the following is she likely to experience?

answer

all of these choices are correct

question

People who quit smoking suddenly may have all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

answer

increased attentiveness

question

Most of the symptoms of physical dependence on smoking pass in

answer

2 to 3 days

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tobacco use?

answer

smokeless tobacco is highly addictive

question

The FDA has warned people to not use e-cigarettes because

answer

analysis shows that they contain carcinogens

question

The average age for smokers and smokeless tobacco users to start is about

answer

question

Marketers of e-cigarettes say that the devices deliver only

answer

nicotine

question

Which of the following statements about e-cigarettes is FALSE?

answer

The FDA has reported that e-cigarettes are safe to sue

question

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is commonly called

answer

secondhand smoke

question

Which of the following areas of the body will be adversely affected by tobacco?

answer

all of these areas will be adversely affected by tobacco

question

When particles of tobacco smoke condense, they form a brown sticky mass called

answer

tar

question

A substance that directly causes cancer is called a(n)

answer

carcinogen

question

A component of tobacco smoke that seriously limits the body's ability to use oxygen is

answer

carbon monoxide

question

Smokers who switch to low-tar or low-nicotine cigarettes will probably NOT reduce the risk of smoking because

answer

they are likely to smoke more cigarettes to maintain nicotine levels

question

Which of the following is an effect of nicotine?

answer

increased heart rate

question

Smoking affects hunger by

answer

depressing hunger contractions

question

Which of the following is the most widespread cause of death among smokers?

answer

coronary heart disease

question

Heart disease caused by the deposit of fatty substances on the walls of arteries is called

answer

atherosclerosis

question

A heart attack is also called

answer

a myocardial infraction

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding coronary heart disease and smoking?

answer

smokers have a death rate from CHD that is 25 percent higher than nonsmokers

question

Which of the following cardiovascular disease is linked to cigarette smoking?

answer

all of these choices are correct

question

What is the leading cause of cancer death in women?

answer

lung cancer

question

After a smoker quits smoking, approximately how long does it take before the risk of lung cancer drops to half that of a continuing smoker?

answer

10 years

question

Which of the following cancers is linked with smoking?

answer

all of these cancers are linked with amoking

question

Loss of lung tissue elasticity is characteristic of

answer

emphysema

question

Respiratory cilia

answer

signal the body that respiratory poisons are present

question

Which of the following health concerns is associated with smoking?

answer

all of these choices are correct

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

A male who begins smoking before the age of 15 continues to smoke is only half as likely to live to age 75 as a male who never smokes

question

Which of the following is NOT a major form of spit tobacco?

answer

cloves

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE about spit tobacco?

answer

Holding an average-size dip in the mouth for 30 minutes delivers about the same amount of nicotine as two or three cigarettes

question

White or red patches that appear in the mouth as a result of using spit tobacco are called

answer

leukoplakia

question

Health consequences related to the use of spit tobacco are likely to include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

lung cancer

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

cigar smoke contains fewer toxins and carcinogens than smoke from cigarettes

question

Clove cigarettes

answer

contain more tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide than conventional cigarettes

question

Small cigarettes imported from India contain species of tobacco different from those used by US cigarette manufacturers called

answer

bidis

question

Smoke exhale by a smoker is referred to as __ amoke

answer

mainstream

question

Smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar or pipe is referred to as ___ smoke

answer

sidestream

question

Which of the following is an effect of environmental tobacco smoke?

answer

all of these choices

question

Which of the following lingers in the bloodstream for five hours after exposure to environmental tobacco smoke?

answer

carbon monoxide

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

infants exposed to environental tobacco smoke are more likely to die of sudden infant death syndrome

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)?

answer

children are commonly affected by ETS

question

The primary effects of environmental tobacco smoke on children are

answer

related to teh respiratory system

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

research suggests there is little to no risk to nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke

question

TO increase the change for success when attempting to quit smoking, you should

answer

enlist support

question

Lynette has quit smoking. She can expect all of the following changes to occur EXCEPT

answer

a lack of improvement in circulation

question

Which one of the following nicotine replacement therapies is available only be prescription?

answer

none of these

question

Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient?

answer

enzymes

question

Nutrition is best described as the

answer

science of food

question

Which of the following describes the process by which the body breaks down and absorbs food?

answer

digestion

question

In what part of the body does digestion begin?

answer

mouth

question

Calorie is a commonly used name for

answer

kilocalorie

question

Which of the following essential nutrients supplies energy?

answer

proteins

question

Fat provides ___ calories per gram.

answer

question

Protein provides ___ calories per gram.

answer

question

Carbohydrates provide ___ calories per gram.

answer

question

Alcohol provides __ calories per gram.

answer

question

Amino acids are components of

answer

proteins

question

The building blocks of proteins are called

answer

amino acids

question

Of the 20 common amino acids, how many are termed "essential"?

answer

question

Which of the following describes protein sources that provide adequate amounts of all the amino acids not manufactured in the body?

answer

complete

question

Meats, fish, poultry and eggs are sources of ___ protein.

answer

complete

question

Most plant-based foods supply ___ proteins.

answer

incomplete

question

Which of the following is a source of incomplete protein?

answer

beans

question

Martha is a vegetarian and wants to eat a source of complete protein. Which of the following combinations should she choose?

answer

beans and peanut butter

question

The recommended daily intake of protein is ___ percent of total daily calories.

answer

10-35

question

If you consume more protein than your body needs, the extra energy from the protein is

answer

stored as fat

question

Fats are also called

answer

lipids

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of fats?

answer

contributing to the manufacture of hormones

question

The major source of fuel for the body during rest and light activity is

answer

fats

question

Hydrogenation

answer

turns liquid oils into solid or semi-solid fats

question

Most of the fasts in food are in the form of

answer

triglycerides

question

Linoleic and alpha-linoleic fatty acids, usually derived from plants, are examples of __ fats.

answer

polyunsaturated

question

Saturated fats are primarily found in ___ food sources and are __ at room temp.

answer

animal; solid

question

Which of the following is NOT a leading source of saturated fat in the American diet?

answer

poultry

question

Which of the following oils is not a major source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

answer

peanut

question

Which of the following best describes hydrogenated vegetable oils?

answer

they tend to be higher in saturated fat

question

Which of the following is a byproduct of hydrogenation?

answer

trans fatty acids

question

TO control blood cholesterol levels, the most important action to take is limiting the amount of ___ fat(s) in your diet.

answer

saturated and trans

question

Which of the following statements best describes trans fatty acids?

answer

they increase one's risk of developing heart disease

question

In order to determine the presence of trans fat in a given product, consumers should check the label for

answer

partially hydrogenated oils

question

A good source of omega-3 fatty acids is

answer

salmon

question

Which of the following plant sources does NOT contain omega-3 fatty acids

answer

coconut

question

Which of the following best describes omega-6 fatty acids?

answer

they are a form of polyunsaturated fat

question

When reducing fat intake, the emphasis should be placed on lowering intake of

answer

trans fatty acids

question

Which of the following is an effect of consuming omega-3 fatty acids?

answer

inhibition of abnormal heart rhythms

question

The major source of fuel for the nervous system, brain, and red blood cells is

answer

carbohydrates

question

Which of the following foods is a complex carbohydrate?

answer

potato

question

Which of the following best describes simple carbohydrates?

answer

they are found naturally in fruits and milk

question

Which of the following are richest in complex carbohydrates?

answer

grains and legumes

question

Which of the following is NOT removed during the processing whole grains?

answer

endosperm

question

The liver and muscles store carbohydrates in the form of

answer

glycogen

question

According to the FOod and Nutrition Board, which of the following distributions of total daily calories is most appropriate?

answer

65 percent carb, 25 percent fat, 10 percent protein

question

Refined carbohydrates

answer

tend to be much lower in fiber than unrefined carbohydrates

question

The refinement of whole grains transforms whole-wheat flour into

answer

white flour

question

Consumption of whole grains has been linked to

answer

reduced risk of certain forms of cancer

question

The measure of how a particular food affects blood glucose levels is the ___ index.

answer

glycemic

question

Nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intact in plants are referred to as

answer

dietary fiber

question

Fiber can help

answer

prevent constipation by increasing fecal bulk

question

Which of the following is NOT a good source of fiber?

answer

hamburger

question

Which of the following is often added to cereals or used in fiber supplements and laxatives to improve intestinal health?

answer

psyllium

question

The recommended daily amount of fiber for men is __ grams.

answer

question

The recommended daily intake of fiber for women is __ grams.

answer

question

The primary function of vitamins is to

answer

regulate various chemical reactions wihtin cells

question

Which of the following vitamins is NOT fat soluble?

answer

vitamin B

question

Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?

answer

vitamin C

question

Which of the following statements best describes the role of vitamins in the body?

answer

they are important in the maintenance of the immune system

question

Which of the following vitamins is a key antioxidant?

answer

vitamin E

question

Which of the following vitamins are produced by the body?

answer

vitamins D and K

question

The vitamin deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C is

answer

scurvy

question

Low intake of which of the following vitamins has been linked to increased risk of heart disease?

answer

folate

question

High dosages of vitamin A are associated with increased risk of

answer

night blindness

question

The best source of vitamin C is a(n)

answer

orange

question

Which of the following enhances the absorption of iron?

answer

vitamin C

question

Minerals

answer

help regulate body function

question

Examples of minerals in the body needs more than 100 milligrams of each day include

answer

calcium, potassium, and magnesium

question

Examples of trace minerals include

answer

fluoride, copper and zinc

question

A mineral commonly lacking in American diets is

answer

iron

question

A food rich in calcium is

answer

green leafy vegetables

question

Osteoporosis is associated with low intake of

answer

calcium

question

One practice that would help with building strong bones is to

answer

engage in weight-bearing aerobic activities

question

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to prevent osteoporosis?

answer

taking more vitamin A (as retinol)

question

Human body weight is composed of approximately __ percent water.

answer

50-60

question

Which of the following best describes the liquids that count toward total daily fluid intake?

answer

all fluids

question

Antioxidants

answer

can help protect the body from damaging molecules

question

Which of the following statements best describes free radicals?

answer

they are produced by the body as a normal part of metabolism

question

Phytochemicals

answer

may help prevent chronic diseases

question

Which of the following is a cruciferous vegetable?

answer

broccoli

question

The Dietary Reference Intakes

answer

are designed to prevent nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases

question

Which of the following best describes the purpose of MyPlate?

answer

to show people how to use the five food groups

question

Experts say that two of the most important factors in a healthy diet are eating the "right" kinds of fats and the "right" kinds of

answer

carbohydrates

question

Which of the following statements best describes the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

answer

they are supported by extensive medical evidence

question

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans encourage eating more of which of the following?

answer

whole grains

question

Which of the following is a general dietary guideline for Americans?

answer

choose a diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables

question

Which of the following types of foods is a most important for a healthy diet?

answer

nutrient-dense

question

Sedentary people should decrease their consumption of

answer

energy-dense carbohydrates

question

Americans most often consume salt by eating

answer

processed and prepared foods

question

which of the following is NOT a condiment that is high in sodium?

answer

lemon juice

question

Which of the following is not a food group on USDA's MyPlate?

answer

oils

question

Which of the following describes the philosophy behind MyPlate?

answer

showing how to build a healthy meal

question

For a person consuming a 2000 calorie diet, MyPlate recommends consuming three servings of __ each day.

answer

dairy

question

One ounce of protein is equivalent to the size of a

answer

large egg

question

About how many calories should sedentary women ages 14-18 consume each day?

answer

1800

question

Which of the following describes the MyPlate category of calories from solid fats and sugars?

answer

discretionary

question

Which of the following describes lacto-ovo-vegetarians?

answer

They do not eat fish but eat eggs and dairy products

question

Vegetarians who eat dairy products but not eggs are called

answer

vegans

question

Vegetarians who include milk and cheese products and small amounts of fish and poultry in their diets are called

answer

semivegetarians

question

Women who are capable of getting pregnant should eat foods fortified with

answer

folic acid

question

Unlike most population groups, endurance athletes may benefit from consuming additional

answer

carbohydrate

question

Which of the following is a good eating strategy for college students?

answer

abide by the portion sizes that are served to you

question

Which of the following is a good reason for taking a dietary supplement?

answer

you may become pregnant

question

Which of the following best describes a food that claims to be "light"?

answer

it has 50 percent less fat than a similar product

question

Which of the following is a criterion for USDA organic certification?

answer

feeding animals certified organic feed

question

Which of the following is a good tip for choosing a dietary supplement?

answer

Avoid products that do not give daily values for all ingredients

question

A guideline for food safety is to

answer

cook stuffing separately from poultry

question

IF the air temp is 75 degrees F cooked or refrigerated foods should be be left at room tempt for more than __ hours.

answer

two

question

Shelley is pregnant and has concerns about possible mercury contamination in the fish she eats. According to the FDA and EPA guidelines, which of the following should she avoid completely?

answer

swordfish

question

Food irradiation

answer

extends the shelf life of a food

question

In the US, genetically modified foods

answer

can appear in the food supply through contamination during processing

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

The health determinant over which we have least control is

answer

family history

question

The seven dimensions of wellness

answer

are interrelated

question

The seven dimensions of wellness include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

dietary wellness

question

Which one of the following qualities contributes most to one's physical wellness?

answer

eating well

question

Optimism, trust, and self-confidence are components of

answer

emotional wellness

question

answer

intellectual

question

Occupational wellness is measured by how much ___ the job offers.

answer

happiness

question

Spiritual wellness is best described as having

answer

meaning and purpose in one's life

question

Protecting yourself from exposure to toxic substances in the workplace is an example of promoting ___ wellness.

answer

environmental

question

If you were born in 1900, your life expectancy was approximately.

answer

47 years

question

The average life span in the twentieth century

answer

nearly doubled

question

Which of the following is currently America's number-one cause of death

answer

heart disease

question

All of the following are lifestyle choices EXCEPT

answer

growing up on a farm

question

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and improve their health is

answer

health promotion

question

In the past 100 years, the major cause of death have shifted from ___ to ___.

answer

infectious diseases; chronic diseases

question

The top three causes of death among Americans age 15 to 24 are

answer

accidents, homicide, and suicide

question

By far, the leading preventable cause of death among Americans is

answer

smoking

question

A goal of Healthy People 2020 is to

answer

eliminate health disparities among Americans

question

Which of the following statements regarding the health of diverse population groups is correct?

answer

American ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability than the US population as a whole

question

answer

They have higher rates of high blood pressure and obesity

question

When compared to the general US population, Asian Americans have

answer

lower overall death rates

question

In the US, on average

answer

women live about five years longer than men

question

Income and education are closely linked with health status. The ___ the poverty rate and the ___ the education level, the better the health.

answer

lower; higher

question

People with disabilities are more likely to

answer

be obese

question

Homosexual teens are at greater risk for

answer

suicide

question

The most important factor in determining an individual's level of wellness is

answer

behavior

question

The complete set of genetic material in an individual's cells is referred to as his or her

answer

genome

question

Which of the following are factors that influence wellness?

answer

all of these

question

The following are all environmental factors, EXCEPT

answer

your genetic makeup

question

The first step in improving wellness by lifestyle management is to

answer

begin with a self-assessment

question

The behavior one identifies for change is called

answer

target behavior

question

Part of a successful plan to change an unhealthy behavior is to

answer

start small

question

THe least effective plan for starting to change health behavior is one that

answer

attempts to change more than one behavior at the same time

question

Eduardo has identified gambling as a target behavior because it is interfering with his schoolwork. To help him stop this behavior, he may need to

answer

find outside help

question

A target behavior can best be defined as

answer

one behavior you want to change

question

The belief in one's ability to be successful in the performance of a given task is

answer

self-efficacy

question

Your ability to successfully take action and perform specific tasks, defines the term

answer

self-efficacy

question

When evaluating health topics on the Internet, check the

answer

qualifications of the people behind the site

question

Those with an internal focus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on

answer

their actions

question

answer

having an external locus of control

question

The technique of visualization is one of the best ways to

answer

boost your confidence

question

A strategy to increase your chances of success in the pursuit of a new behavior is to

answer

frequently visualize goal attainment and enjoy its benefits

question

Barriers to behavior change

answer

can be a source of information used to boost your chance of success

question

The most constructive response to a temporary setback in the pursuit of a new behavior is

answer

accepting the fact that problems may periodically occur

question

answer

modify her environment

question

The precontemplation stage is characterized by

answer

a belief that there is no need for change

question

During a "stages of change" behavior change program, some people may lapse. If this occurs, the best strategy for them is to

answer

learn from the lapse as they cycle back through earlier stages

question

The order in which a behavior change strategy is implemented is

answer

monitor behavior, analyze data, set goals, devise a plan of action, make a contract

question

Entries made into a health journal about a behavior should note all of the following EXCEPT

answer

what your friends and family did

question

Which of the following health journal information would be of little benefit in promoting personal behavior change?

answer

identification of other people's reactions to your behavior

question

answer

How many behaviors in my life are serious health threats?

question

According to the SMART criteria, a behavior change such as "drink eight cups of water every day" is an example of being

answer

realistic

question

The best plan for behavior change

answer

works at change systematically

question

Chances of success in behavior management DECREASE if

answer

environmental cues are ignored

question

To help ensure success with a behavior change program, you should

answer

develop a reward system

question

Rewards included in health action plans should

answer

include limited participation in the behavior you are trying to eliminate

question

A friend who is attempting to lose weight has been repeatedly "derailed" by coworkers who bring high-calorie snack to work. An effective strategy for her would be to

answer

choose new target behaviors

question

A primary purpose of developing a personal contract for behavior change is to

answer

commit you to your word of behavior modification

question

Writing a contract for behavior change involves all of the following EXCEPT

answer

identifying the consequences of failure to reach the established goal

question

Information from a health journal maintained after a behavior change plan is put into action can be used to

answer

track progress

question

Maintaining good health is

answer

an ongoing process

question

With regard to one's health, which one of the following elements is most within an individual's control?

answer

behavior

question

Which of the following is an example of taking action to modify the environment and support health behaviors?

answer

all of these are examples

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding stress and the lives of college students?

answer

it may be one of the most stressful periods in one's life

question

The term stress refers to

answer

situations that can trigger physical and emotional reactions

question

Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions are termed

answer

stressors

question

Which one of the following is a stressor?

answer

bad grade

question

Which of the following systems are responsible for your body's physical response to stressors?

answer

nervous and endocrine

question

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that activated when a person is exposed to a stressor is the ___ nervous system.

answer

sympathetic

question

The autonomic nervous system controls all the following EXCEPT the

answer

ability to write

question

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

answer

is in control when one is frightened or angry

question

The system of glands, tissues, and cells that helps control body functions by releasing hormones is the

answer

endocrine system

question

During the stress response, the human adrenal glads release

answer

epinephrine

question

During the stress response, which of the following changes occurs throughout the body as a result of the release of epinephrine.

answer

all of the choices are correct

question

Which of the following body reactions is characteristic of the stress response?

answer

your heart rate increases

question

Homeostasis

answer

is a state of stability in an individual's functions

question

The division of the autonomic nervous system that slows down the body as it recovers from exposure to a stressor is the ___ nervous system.

answer

parasympathetic

question

Once a stressful situation ends, your parasympathetic nervous system

answer

slows breathing

question

All of the following are TRUE regarding the fight or flight response, EXCEPT that

answer

it is a relatively new human adaptation

question

The somatic nervous system manages

answer

conscious actions

question

Which of the following nervous systems manages John's moves as he participates in a spinning exercise class?

answer

somatic

question

THe way in which an individual responds to stress is influenced by

answer

All of these influence the way an individual responds to stress

question

The sum of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional tendencies refers to one's

answer

personality

question

Which one of the following characteristics is most closely associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease?

answer

hostility

question

The personality type associated with relaxation and contemplation is

answer

Type B

question

An individual with a Type C personality is characterized by

answer

having difficulty expressing emotions

question

A person who suppresses anger and feels hopeless has characteristics of which personality type?

answer

Type C

question

Behavioral responses to stressors are controlled by which division of the nervous system?

answer

somatic

question

Which statement about people with hardy personalities is FALSE?

answer

they view stressors as challenges

question

An example of a resilient person would be

answer

a low-income student graduating from college

question

According to the American Psychological Association, which percent of adult Americans suffer from stress-related health problems?

answer

between 70 to 80 percent

question

Which of the following is a hormone involved in the regulation of mood and social interaction?

answer

oxytocin

question

GAS is an acronym for

answer

general adaptation syndrome

question

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

answer

All stress has a negative impact on physical health

question

Eustress

answer

is stress triggered by something pleasant

question

Mohammad just received an F on his term paper. Which type of stress is he likely to experience?

answer

distress

question

Which one of the following is NOT a stage of GAS?

answer

acceleration

question

The flight-or-fight reaction occurs during which stage of GAS?

answer

alarm

question

Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. In which stage of GAS is Tom?

answer

alarm

question

During the resistance stage of GAS, the body

answer

readjusts, regulating body systems to establish a new level of homeostasis

question

General exhaustion results when

answer

a stressor persists over a long period of time

question

Long-term overexposure to stress hormones

answer

has been linked to health problems

question

The long-term wear and tear of the stress response has been termed

answer

the allostatic load

question

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of the interaction among all the following systems, EXCEPT the ___ system

answer

respiratory

question

Which one of the following has been linked to a high allostatic load?

answer

all of these choices are correct

question

Which of the following statements is NOT true of a high allostatic load?

answer

it is linked with physical wellness

question

Shauna expects all of the following to happen when she is stressed, EXCEPT

answer

dilation of her blood vessels

question

Which one of the following has NOT been linked to unmanaged stress?

answer

glaucoma

question

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

answer

Being a little nervous before an exam will lower your performance

question

Stress has been found to contribute to which of the following psychological problems?

answer

all of the choices are correct

question

About 90% of all headaches are

answer

tension headaches

question

The majority of migraine sufferers are

answer

women

question

According to you text, which of the following are common sources of stress for most college students?

answer

academic demands and time management concerns

question

Americans rated ____ as their number one source of stress

answer

work

question

New technologies can

answer

have all of the above effects

question

Violent surroundings and intrusive noises are examples of

answer

environmental stressors

question

Unrealistic expectations are a type of ____ stressor

answer

internal

question

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

answer

acute stress and chronic stress similarly affect the immune system

question

If you are still emotionally distressed days or weeks after a tragic event,

answer

a and b (that is normal, give yourself more time and consider sharing your feelings with others)

question

Which of the following would be the LEAST effective strategy for coping with stress?

answer

denying the reality of stress

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?

answer

exercise reduces anxiety levels

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?

answer

three 45 minute walks per week can increase your sense of wellness

question

Exercise can

answer

b and c (release energy mobilized during the stress response and improve your sense of wellness)

question

All of the following occur in non-REM sleep, EXCEPT

answer

the occurrence of dreams

question

Peak concentrations of the levels of stress hormones in the bloodstream occur

answer

during the final stages of sleep

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

dreams occur during REM sleep

question

A common time-management stressor is

answer

procrastination

question

Which one of the following statements reflects your text's recommendations regarding the prioritization of tasks?

answer

tasks should be divided into three groups, and you should ignore the least important group

question

According to your text, one strategy to improve time-management problems is to

answer

divide tasks into groups that can be prioritized

question

In terms of time-management strategies, which one of the following is NOT considered helpful to improving your efficiency at completing tasks?

answer

memorizing your goals

question

All of the following are recommended by your text as time-management strategies, EXCEPT

answer

avoiding unstructured time

question

Which of the following would NOT be helpful to you in attempting to improve your productivity?

answer

focus on long-term goals only

question

Because watching television is usually a "time sink" when you are on a deadline, it is wise to

answer

avoid turning on the television

question

Which one of the following is a cognitive technique for stress management?

answer

thinking constructively

question

Which one of the following is NOT a cognitive technique for stress management?

answer

using imagery

question

Phillip is attempting to lessen his feelings of stress. Which of the following would NOT be helpful?

answer

trying to remember as much information as possible

question

Laughter does all of the following EXCEPT

answer

lower blood pressure

question

Laughter may be the best medicine for stress, because after a good laugh your

answer

heart rate is lowered

question

A helpful behavior is dealing with stressful situation is to

answer

cultivate the ability to laugh at yourself

question

Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the relaxation response?

answer

metabolism and oxygen consumption are reduced

question

Progressive relaxation techniques

answer

involve tensing and then relaxing muscles in your body

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE of progressive relaxation?

answer

It requires no willpower or imagination

question

Progressive relaxation is best described by which one of the following statements?

answer

it is a process that uses simple tensing and relaxing of muscles

question

Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

imagery is a cognitive technique designed to change typical patterns of thinking

question

Carey would like to use meditation to help manage the effects of stress. Which of the following is likely to happen as a result of her use of this technique?

answer

It will help her tune out the world, temporarily removing sources of stress

question

A stress management technique that focuses primarily on your breathing pattern is called

answer

hatha yoga

question

Which of the following stress management techniques emphasizes the use of breathing, stretching and balance?

answer

hatha yoga

question

Tai chi can be an effective stress reducer because it

answer

teaches students to remain calm and centered

question

All of these are considered counterproductive coping strategies EXCEPT

answer

multivitamin use

question

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

answer

caffeine acts as a sedative

question

Approximately ____ of Americans use food as a coping device against stress

answer

25 percent

question

The first step in creating a personal plan for managing stress is to

answer

identify your stressors

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

answer

psychological health and physical health are intertwined

question

Which of the following statements is most TRUE regarding psychological health?

answer

freedom from psychological disorders is a comprehensive definition of psychological health

question

Psychological health is another term for

answer

mental health

question

According to Maslow, basic human needs are ranked in the following order as they DECREASE in urgency

answer

physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self actualization

question

Being self-actualized is characterized by

answer

realism

question

Maslow would NOT have described a self-actualized person as someone who

answer

remains focused on the idea of the way things should be

question

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of self-actualized people?

answer

they are largely able to accept themselves and others

question

People who are self-accepting usually

answer

have a positive by realistic perception of themselves

question

Which of the following statements describes people who are autonomous?

answer

they are inner-directed

question

Being inner-directed is most closely associated with

answer

autonomy

question

Making decisions based on your own values as opposed to a larger group's is a sign of

answer

autonomy

question

People not afraid to be themselves and be "real" can be described as

answer

authentic

question

The ability to share feelings without fear of rejection from another is most closely associated with

answer

the capacity for intimacy

question

A continuing appreciation of the world is most closely associated with

answer

creativity

question

Alex, age 28, lives in a safe and friendly community, he has a stable job, and is involved in a relationship with a loving and supportive person. According to Maslow, Alex has a chance of attaining

answer

self-actualization

question

Which of the following phrases is the best description of psychological normality?

answer

what most people do

question

Being psycologically normal is the same as

answer

being close to average

question

Our early identity models are most likely to be

answer

our parents

question

One's identity

answer

is a lifelong process

question

answer

experiencing an identity crises

question

People with established identities tend to do all the following EXCEPT

answer

remain isolated

question

Which statement regarding the development of self-esteem is FALSE?

answer

rejected children may fail to develop feelings of self-worth

question

Stability, as it relates to self-esteem, is best described as

answer

a complete absence of mixed messages about oneself from others

question

A demoralized person would do all of the following EXCEPT

answer

take responsibility for unfortunate situations

question

A technique that may aid in fighting demoralization is

answer

keeping a journal of self-talk

question

Which of the following statements is an example of negative self-talk?

answer

"I won the talent contest, but only because none of the other contestants was very good."

question

Defense mechanisms like humor and substitution might best be described as

answer

temporary means of coping

question

A person who expects failure and accepts it as deserved is called a(n)

answer

pessimist

question

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable inner impulses are attributed to others is

answer

projection

question

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts or wishes are excluded from consciousness is

answer

repression

question

A psychological defense by which unacceptable feelings are transferred from one event or person to a less threatening one is

answer

displacement

question

What is the defense mechanism that allows a false; acceptable reason to be given when the real reason is unacceptable?

answer

rationalization

question

Expressing wishes forcefully, but not necessarily hostiley, describes being

answer

assertive

question

A part of assertiveness is characterized most by

answer

getting what you want

question

All of the following are positive reasons to socialize EXCEPT

answer

fear of being alone

question

If you feel explosive anger coming on, one strategy for managing it is to

answer

try to reframe what you are thinking at the moment

question

If you are dealing with anger in another person, you should NOT

answer

accept the verbal abuse, as it is usually a temporary display

question

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for heading off explosive anger?

answer

having an alcoholic drink

question

According to the National Institute of Mental Health in 2009, approximately what percent of adult Americans who suffered from a diagnosable psychological disorder?

answer

26 percent

question

Psychological disorders may be a result of all the following EXCEPT

answer

good coping skills

question

People exposed to a higher number of traumatic life events than others typically

answer

a and b

question

Which of the following statements about fear is false?

answer

it is a useful tool to cope with life

question

Which of the following does NOT play a major part in psychological disorders?

answer

they all play a major part

question

An example of a specific phobia is fear of

answer

dogs

question

Which of the following is a social phobia?

answer

fear of embarrassment

question

Fear of public speaking is actually a

answer

fear of being observed by others.

question

People usually develop panic disorder in their

answer

early twenties

question

Panic disorder is

answer

a type of anxiety disorder

question

Symptoms of panic disorder typically include

answer

a loss of physical equilibrium

question

Fear of flying is an example of

answer

panic disorder

question

Shyness is often the result of high levels of anxiety and

answer

lack of social skills

question

A condition that causes the sufferer to fear future threats, pushing out all other thoughts, is called

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

An obsession is a ____ thought

answer

cultivated, irrational

question

Repetitive, hard-to-resist actions associated with obsessions are

answer

compulsions

question

An example of an obsession is

answer

concern of contracting syphilis from a handshake

question

An example of a compulsion is

answer

constant and repetitive hand washing

question

Post-traumatic stress disorder is most likely to occur after which of the following?

answer

rape

question

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder

answer

include re-experiencing the trauma in dreams and intrusive memories

question

A person who is housebound because of severe anxiety has

answer

agoraphobia

question

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, PTSD was shown to have affected

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?

answer

loss of pleasure in doing usual activities

question

Which of the following is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of suicide?

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for suicide?

answer

suicide of a family member or friend

question

Biological researchers have found genetic influences on

answer

...

question

Though ____ attempt suicide more often, ____ succeed more often.

answer

women; men

question

Of the millions of people suffering from clinical depression, ___ seek treatment.

answer

35 percent

question

Which of the following is the best initial treatment for a person with moderate to severe depression?

answer

drug therapy combined with psychotherapy

question

A key neurotransmitter that is important in the treatment of depression is called

answer

serotonin

question

A treatment used for severe depression when other approaches fail is

answer

electroconvulsive therapy

question

THe preferred method of treatment for seasonal affective disorder is

answer

light therapy

question

Seasonal affective disorder

answer

is more prevalent among people living at higher altitudes

question

Which of the following attribute best characterizes manic behavior?

answer

...

question

Manic disorders are characterized by

answer

high energy levels

question

A drug commonly used to prevent mood swings associated with bipolar disorder is

answer

lithium carbonate

question

A delusion is

answer

a firmly held false belief

question

Which of the following is NOT a likely characteristic of a schizophrenic disorder?

answer

compulsive organization

question

Schizophrenic disorders are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

answer

extremely high energy levels

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE of schizophrenia?

answer

schizophrenics can be logical in their thinking

question

Which statement regarding schizophrenics is false?

answer

they are not at risk for suicide

question

Treatment for which of the following disorders MUST include drug therapy?

answer

schizophrenia

question

For some, self-help can be very useful. This includes

answer

raising self-esteem by conteracting negative thoughts and people

question

Religious belief

answer

promotes psychological health for some individuals

question

College students can typically find inexpensive mental health care through

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following statements regarding professional help for psychological health is TRUE?

answer

for some, professional help is a choice; for others, it is a necessity

question

The type of therapy based on the premise that the mind's activity depends on the brain and is genetically determined is ___ therapy.

answer

cognitive

question

The type of therapy that focuses on what people do is ____ therapy

answer

behavioral

question

The technique of exposure is used to

answer

encourage people to face their fears

question

The type of therapy that emphasizes the effects of ideas on behaviors and feelings is ____ therapy

answer

...

question

In the cognitive therapeutic approach, patients are taught to

answer

...

question

Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been developed for all of the following, EXCEPT

answer

...

question

Which of the following statements about peer counselors is FALSE?

answer

they can recommend specific treatment options

question

Which mental health professional is involved when a person requires medication?

answer

psychiatrist

question

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

drowsiness

question

Which of the following mental health professionals is a licensed physician?

answer

psychiatrist

question

Which of the following professionals requires the most formal education?

answer

psychiatrist

question

To help reduce social anxiety,

answer

a and b

question

Gonads are

answer

ovaries and testes

question

What are considered the basic units of reproduction in both males and females?

answer

germ cells

question

The external female sex organs are called the

answer

vulva

question

The ___ consists of spongy tissue that becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement.

answer

clitoris

question

In females, the prepuce is also called the

answer

clitoral hood

question

The passage that leads to the internal female reproductive organs is the

answer

vagina

question

The fertilized egg is implanted in the ___, where it grows into a fetus.

answer

uterus

question

The fallopian tubes link the

answer

ovaries and uterus

question

The scrotum

answer

maintains the temperature of the testes

question

The temperature of the testes is approximately __ than the temperature of the rest of the body.

answer

5 degrees cooler

question

Sperm are manufactured in

answer

tubules in the testes

question

The sperm-storing structure on the surface of the testicles is the

answer

epididymis

question

Sperm is carried from the epididymis through the

answer

vas deferens

question

The prostate gland

answer

produces part of the seminal fluid

question

The route sperm take is

answer

testes to epididymis to vas deferens to prostate gland to seminal vesicles to ejaculatory ducts

question

The glans is

answer

the rounded head of the clitoris or the penis

question

A direct analogy can be made between the clitoris and the

answer

glans penis

question

Male circumcision involves removal of

answer

the prepuce

question

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the

answer

foreskin of the penis

question

Which percentage of newborn males in the United States are circumcised?

answer

50 to 60 percent

question

Although American newborn males are circumcised at a rate of about ___ percent, that rate is down from a high of about ___ percent in the 1960s.

answer

55; 90

question

On the arguments made in support of male circumcision is that

answer

it reduces teh risk of urinary tract infections in newborns

question

Hormones are produced by

answer

all of these

question

Male sex hormones are

answer

androgens

question

The female sex hormones include high levels of

answer

FSH and LH

question

Which of the following are female sex hormones?

answer

estrogens and progestins

question

The hormones secreted by the ___ gland regulate the hormones secreted by the ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.

answer

pituitary

question

Which of the following chromosomal configurations denotes female?

answer

question

Which of the following chromosomal configurations denotes male?

answer

question

Which male organ produces testosterone?

answer

testes

question

The period during which both the male and female reproductive system matures is called

answer

puberty

question

The first sign of femals puberty is

answer

breast development

question

The average age of menarche in the US is about

answer

12 years of age

question

Which of the following is the first phase of the menstrual cycle?

answer

menses

question

The menstrual cycle consists of four phases is the following order:

answer

menses, estrogenic phase, ovulation, progestationaly phase

question

Which of the four phases of the menstrual cycle is characterized by menstrual flow?

answer

menses

question

The release of the ovum is a characteristic of

answer

ovulation

question

Ovulation theoretically occurs

answer

14 days prior to the onset of menses

question

Which of the following is teh most accurate definition of dysmenorrhea?

answer

painful menstruation

question

Place the following conditions in order of severity of symptoms, from least severe to most severe

answer

premenstrual tension, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

question

Which of the following statements regarding premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is CORRECT?

answer

it interferes with normal daily activities

question

Which of the following strategies is not recommended to relieve PMS symptoms?

answer

eating a diet low in complex carbs and higher in fat

question

Which of the following is not recommended for the self-treatment of premenstrual syndrome?

answer

decreasing exercise

question

Reproductive maturation of boys lags behind that of girls by about ___ year(s).

answer

two

question

The cessation of menstruation around age 50 is called

answer

menopause

question

In a very large study of women in 2002, the use of hormone therapy was found to be associated with

answer

increased incidence of heart attacks

question

Which one of the following statements about the aging male is TRUE?

answer

testosterone production decreases as men age

question

The most obvious and effective physical simulation involves

answer

touching

question

Areas of the body that are sensitive to touch are called

answer

erogenous zones

question

The engorgement of tissues that results when more blood flows into an organ than is flowing out is called

answer

vasocongestion

question

The first stage of the sexual response cycle is the ___ phase.

answer

excitement

question

Which of the following is not a common occurence during the first stage of sexual response?

answer

rhythmic contractions in the vagina and penis

question

The second stage of the sexual response cycle is the _____ phase

answer

plateau

question

The plateau phase of the sexual response cycle is characterized by

answer

more marked reactions than were initiated in the excitement phase

question

The third stage of the sexual response cycle is the ___ phase

answer

orgasmic

question

Rhythmical contractions of the male and female reproductive structures occur during the

answer

orgasmic phase

question

The fourth stage of the sexual response cycle is the ___ phse

answer

orgasmic

question

Male and female reactions during the sexual response cycle differ in which of hte following ways?

answer

males enter a refractory period

question

The refractory period is the

answer

period during which the male cannot be restimulated to orgasm

question

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of endometriosis?

answer

growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus

question

_____ is a condition in which the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.

answer

endometriosis

question

Endometriosis is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

answer

pelvic inflammatory disease

question

At what age is testicular cancer most frequently diagnosed?

answer

age 20 to 39

question

The term impotence is also called

answer

erectile dysfunction

question

A male attempting to engage in intercouse after excessive alcohol consumption is likely to experience

answer

erectile dysfunction

question

Drinking alcohol prior to sexual activity

answer

makes orgasm more difficult to achieve

question

The first step for the treatment of sexual dysfunciton is

answer

identifying possible medical conditions

question

The best current explanation for the development of sexual orientation is

answer

a complex, interrelated set of biological, psychological and social factors

question

oral stimulation of the female genitalia is called

answer

cunnilingus

question

Oral stimulation of the penis is called

answer

falltio

question

The most extreme form of sexual coercion is

answer

rape

question

Which of the following is a part of healthy, responsible sexual behavior?

answer

practicing safe sex to avoid STDs

question

Sexual privacy includes all of the following EXCEPT

answer

dark rooms

question

____ is the natural process of fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

answer

conception

question

The cell that is created from the fertilization of an ovum with a sperm is called a(n)

answer

zygote

question

The fertilized egg rests in the lining of the

answer

uterus

question

If the female egg is not fertilized, it will disintegrate after about

answer

24 hours

question

An ovum or a sperm has ___ chromosomes.

answer

question

The basic units of heredity that direct the structure and function of all body cells are

answer

genes

question

Barbara has just given birth to quadruplets - two boys and two girls. At least how many eggs had to be fertilized?

answer

two

question

Fraternal twins

answer

are no more alike than other siblings

question

Alice delivered a set of fraternal twins. Which of the following statements about them is TRUE?

answer

they came from two eggs fertilized by a single sperm

question

Identical twins

answer

share the same genetic code

question

What percentage of the reproductive-age population of the US is affected by infertility?

answer

7.5 percent

question

Pelvic inflammatory disease is most often the result of

answer

scarring from sexually transmitted diseases

question

Kelley's infertility is caused by blocked fallopian tubes. She has no history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted diseases. What is the most likely cause of the blockage?

answer

endometriosis

question

Emily is 30 years old and concerned about the possibility of infertility if she continues to postpone pregnancy. Most physicians would advise her

answer

to have a fertility workup

question

Each of the following is a cause of male infertility EXCEPT

answer

irregular ejaculation

question

Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for male infertility?

answer

age

question

___ is the procedure in which the man's sperm is collected and concentrated and introduced by syringe into a woman's vagina or uterus

answer

artificial (intrauterine) insemination

question

A common treatment for male infertility is

answer

artificial (intrauterine) insemination

question

The process that results in fertilization of an ovum in a lab dish is called

answer

in vitro fertilization

question

Surgically placing eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes prior to fertilization is known as

answer

GIFT

question

The hormone found only in pregnant women that, when detected, confirms pregnancy is

answer

human chorionic gonadotropin

question

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone

answer

secreted by the implanted fertilized egg

question

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of pregnancy?

answer

Braxton Hicks contractions

question

Hegar's sign is

answer

the softening of the uterus near the cervix

question

How much weight does a woman gain during a healthy pregnancy, on average?

answer

25-30 pounds

question

Braxton Hicks contractions and lightening occur during

answer

the third trimester

question

The greatest degree of physical stress associated with pregnancy occurs

answer

during the third trimester

question

Which of the following is NOT a common occurence for women during pregnanct?

answer

having limited physical abilities

question

Cell differentiation and subsequent fetal development are directed by

answer

genetic instructions

question

The hollow organ in which the blastocyst embeds itself is the

answer

uterus

question

The conglomerate of cells that implants in the uterus and lays the foundation for the development of the placenta and eventual development of the fetus is the

answer

blastocyst

question

A key event occuring in the second week following fertilization is

answer

the heart beginning to beat

question

The blastocyst becomes an embryo about __ days after fertilization.

answer

question

The blastocyst develops into an

answer

embryo

question

The inner cells of the blastocyst separate into three layers. These three layers become the

answer

embryo

question

The outer shell of the conglomerate of cells that embeds in the uterus becomes the

answer

placenta

question

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of pregnancy?

answer

back ache

question

The ___ provides a two-way exchange of nutrients and waste materials between the mother and the fetus.

answer

placenta

question

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the placenta?

answer

it allows a two-way exchange of nutrients

question

The stage of prenatal development characterized by development of major body structures and organ systems is

answer

the first trimester

question

Which of the following occurs during the first trimester?

answer

the heart begins to beat

question

Which of the following best describes what occurs by the third month of prenatal development?

answer

the fetus becomes active

question

The earliest point in pregnancy in which a fetus might survive outside of the uterus is

answer

end of the second trimester

question

An ultrasound does NOT provide information about

answer

Down syndrome

question

Ultrasonography is NOT useful in determining ___ of a fetus

answer

genetic disorders

question

An amniocentesis

answer

is performed primarily to collect genetic information of a fetus

question

The primary difference between amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the

answer

point in the pregnancy when the test can be performed

question

The quadruple marker screen (QMS) is used to detect

answer

neural tube defects

question

A quadruple marker screen test can be used to help identify

answer

fetuses with neural tube defects

question

An area of research known as fetal programming theory examines how ___ may influence the risk of adult diseases

answer

conditions of the womb

question

Pregnant women typically need to consume how many extra calories a day?

answer

250-500

question

The Rh factor is a(n)

answer

blood protein

question

Pregnant women should avoid eating

answer

fruits and vegetables with chemicals

question

Which vitamin is important for pregnant women?

answer

folate

question

What does QMS measure?

answer

maternal hormones

question

Bonnie's pregnancy has been confirmed with a home pregnancy test. Bonnie should

answer

establish a relationship with a health care provider so that she can receive the appropriate prenatal care

question

The fetus is extremely vulnerable to environmental factors that can cause birth defects during the

answer

first trimester

question

Tertogens are

answer

agents that can cause birth defects

question

Unusual facial features, a small head, and heart defects are characteristic of babies born to mothers whjo

answer

used alcohol during pregnancy

question

Babies born with fetal alcohol syndrome

answer

may exhibit abnormal behavior patterns

question

Cigarette use during pregnancy increases the risk of

answer

low birth weight

question

Pregnant women who smoke increase the risk of

answer

miscarriage

question

Pregnant women with HIV

answer

can reduce the risk of transmission to the baby with treatment

question

Which one of the following is the most customary recommendation regarding exercise during pregnancy?

answer

continue a moderate exercise program

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of exercise during pregnancy?

answer

weight loss during pregnancy

question

____ exercises are recommended for pregnant women to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

answer

kegel

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason to undertake prenatal exercise and childbirth classes?

answer

minimizing weight gain

question

Typically, women receive how many checkup during the first eight months of pregnancy?

answer

once a month

question

A(n) ____ pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg is implanted outside the uterus.

answer

ectopic

question

A spontaneous abortion is more commonly known as

answer

a miscarriage

question

Spontaneous abortions are most commonly caused by

answer

chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus

question

Which of the following statements about low-birth-weight babies is TRUE?

answer

good prenatal care is the best strategy for prevcenting low birth weight

question

To reduce the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), parents should

answer

put babies to sleep on their backs

question

The first stage of labor is characterized by

answer

dilation of the cervix

question

Strong and frequent uterine contractions are characteristic of

answer

transition

question

The second stage of labor ends with

answer

the delivery of the baby

question

The third stage of labor is characterized by

answer

delivery of the placenta

question

The Apgar score that indicates a newborn baby is doing well five minutes after birth is

answer

7-10

question

Which of the following is not a benefit associated with breastfeeding?

answer

breastfeeding is a reliable form of birth control

question

Which of the following is not a usual characteristic of postpartum "baby blues"?

answer

despondency

question

Which of the following is not an expected occurrence for most mothers during the postpartum period?

answer

postpartum depression

question

A contraceptive that physically blocks the sperm from reaching the egg is

answer

a barrier method

question

A contraceptive method that more or less permanently prevents transport of the sperm or egg to the site of conception is a

answer

surgical method

question

The "typical use" contraceptive failure rate is based on studies that measure the percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy in the first

answer

year of use

question

A woman that is consistently careful in following instructions is labeled as having the "perfect use" failure rate. What is that failure rate?

answer

.3 percent

question

The continuation rate of a contraceptive is determined by the percentage of

answer

people who continue to use it after a specified period of time

question

Oral contraceptives prevent conception by

answer

preventing ovulation by mimicking the hormonal activity of the corpus luteum

question

Any agent or method that can prevent pregnancy is known as

answer

contraceptive

question

In addition to preventing ovulation, the birth control pill apparently prevents conception in all of the following ways EXCEPT

answer

constricting the cervical opening

question

The most common type of oral contraceptive is the

answer

combination pill

question

In addition to hormone pills, most contraceptive packets also include

answer

one week of inactive pills

question

When using a combination pill, placebo pills

answer

do not contain hormones

question

Back-up contraception should be used for how long when a woman first starts on the pill?

answer

during the first week

question

All of the following are true about the minipill EXCEPT that

answer

it has more side effects and health risks than other hormonal contraceptives

question

The benefit of lower doses of estrogen in oral contraceptives is

answer

fewer health risks

question

Which of the following statements about oral contraceptives is TRUE?

answer

oral contraceptive contains both estrogen and progestins, a synthetic progesterone.

question

The most important advantage of oral contraceptives is the

answer

high degree of effectiveness in preventing pregnancy

question

Oral contraceptives do NOT decrease risk for

answer

sexually transmitted diseases

question

Which of the following is probably the most serious disadvantage of oral contraceptives for most women?

answer

they provide no protection against STDs

question

Oral contraception is NOT recommended for women with

answer

a history of blood clots

question

Which of the following actions will reduce risks associated with the use of oral contraceptives?

answer

stopping smoking

question

When a woman is using an oral contraceptive she can recall the mnemonic ACHES to stay alert for preliminary danger signals. What does the "A" stand for?

answer

abdominal pain

question

The typical first-year failure rate for oral contraceptive is ___ percent

answer

question

How does risk of death from oral contraceptive use compare with the risk of death from pregnancy?

answer

risk of death from pregnancy is much higher

question

The Ortho Evra contraceptive skin patch is worn for ___ before being replaced.

answer

1 week

question

The ortho evra contraceptive skin patch can be worn on any of the following places EXCEPT the

answer

breasts

question

Compliance is higher for the contraceptive skin patch than for oral contraceptives probably beacause

answer

the patch requires weekly instead of daily action

question

For women who use the vaginal contraceptive ring, when should it be inserted?

answer

anytime during the first five days of her menstrual cycle

question

After insertion, the vaginal contraceptive ring is left in the vagina for ____ before removal

answer

three weeks

question

The NuvaRing offers pregnancy protection for how long?

answer

one month

question

The perfect-use failure rate of the NuvaRing is ____ percent

answer

0.3

question

The typical-use failure rate of the NuvaRing is ____ percent.

answer

question

The Implanion implant is a(n) ___ contraceptive.

answer

hormonal

question

For how long is Implanon effective?

answer

three years

question

Which of the following methods is considered a "contraceptive implant"?

answer

Implanion

question

Depo-Provera is

answer

administered by injection

question

Which of the following is a progestin-only contraceptive, providing no estrogen?

answer

Depo-provera

question

A disadvantage of depo provera is taht

answer

after use is discontinued, infertility may result for up to twelve months

question

Which of the following can be used for emergency contraception?

answer

Next Choice

question

Emergency hormonal contraceptives reduce pregnancy risk by almost ____ percent.

answer

question

For emergency contraception to be most effective, the first dose must be taken within ___ hours of unprotected intercourse.

answer

question

Which of the following statements is accurate?

answer

Emergency contraceptives are available over the counter for women and men 17 and older

question

Which currently available IUD is effective for up to ten years?

answer

Copper T-380 A

question

How exactly does the IUD prevent pregnancy?

answer

It is not known with certainty exactly how IUDs prevent pregnancy

question

The nylon threads that are attached to the IUD and protrude through the cervix

answer

allow for placement check

question

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that use of an IUD can greatly reduce the risk of developing which type of cancer?

answer

endometrial

question

Which of the following statements about IUDs is INCORRECT?

answer

It can be inserted by the user in privacy

question

Which of the following statements about IUD use is FALSE?

answer

Bleeding and spotting may occur between periods

question

Which of the following statements regarding IUD users and pelvic inflammatory disease is TRUE?

answer

Most cases of PID among IUD users can be treated with antibiotics

question

Which of the following statements regarding the IUD is FALSE?

answer

The IUD is unsuitable for women with suspected pregnancy

question

Early IUD danger signals include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

foul vaginal discahrge

question

Most condoms sold in the US are made of

answer

latex

question

Which of the following lubricants can be used safely with a latex condom?

answer

KY jelly

question

Which of the following is TRUE about condoms pre-lubricated with nonoxynol-9?

answer

They are not more effective than those without nonoxynol-9

question

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of condoms?

answer

they are as effective as oral contraceptions

question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of condom use?

answer

they diminish sensation during sex

question

The perfect-use failure rate of condoms for the first year is about ___ percent.

answer

question

The rate for breaking and slipping of latex male condoms is about ___ times for every 100 instances of use.

answer

1 to 2

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

polyurethane condoms are more likely to break than latex condoms

question

Some substances seriously degrade latex condoms, making them ineffective. Which of the following can be used with latex condoms?

answer

K-Y jelly

question

If a condom breaks, the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of pregnancy is to

answer

take an emergency contraceptive

question

The female condom

answer

can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse

question

Which of the following methods should NOT be combined with a diaphragm use?

answer

vaginal contraceptive ring

question

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the female condom?

answer

the female condom is less expensive than the male condom

question

The typical first-year failure rate of the female condom is about ___ percent.

answer

question

The function of the diaphragm is to

answer

cover the cervix

question

After intercourse, the diaphragm must be left in place for at least

answer

6 hours

question

While in storage, diaphragms should be coated with

answer

nothing

question

For how long can the diaphragm be inserted before intercourse?

answer

six hours

question

A disadvantage of the diaphragm is that

answer

it must be used with a spermicide

question

With perfect use of a diaphragm the failure rate is about ___ percent.

answer

question

Which of the following is a reason that diaphragms have a relatively high typical-use failure rate?

answer

incorrect insertion and positioning

question

Ortho Evra is the brand name of which type of contraception?

answer

contraceptive skin patch

question

A small flexible cup that fits over the cervix and serves as a barrier to sperm is the

answer

Cervical Cap

question

A cervical cap may be left in place after intercourse for up to

answer

48 hours

question

An advantage of the cervical cap over the diaphragm is that it

answer

is less associated with urinary tract infections

question

Which of the following is not an advantage of the contraceptive sponge?

answer

it can be used multiple times

question

Which of the following is not considered a disadvantage of the sponge?

answer

additional spermicide must be applied every six to eight hourse

question

Contraceptive foams, creams and jellies must be inserted

answer

deep in the vagina near the cervix

question

How long before intercourse must vaginal spermicides be inserted to be effective?

answer

Not longer than 1 hour

question

Vaginal spermicides start drastically losing effectiveness ___ hour(s) after insertion into the vagina.

answer

one

question

Spermicides

answer

must be applied before each act of coitus

question

Vaginal spermicides come in all of the following forms, EXCEPT

answer

aerosol spray

question

Vaginal Contraceptive Film is a type of

answer

spermicidal suppository

question

Douching is not recommended for women because it

answer

can irritate vaginal tissue

question

The life span of an unfertilized egg is about __ hours

answer

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a "natural" form of contraception?

answer

fertility awareness

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

males and females over the age of 13 can buy emergency contraception

question

The mucus method of contraception is also called the

answer

Billings method

question

The temperature method of birth control is based on the knowledge that a woman's body temp

answer

decreases slightly just before ovulation

question

Which of hte following is often characteristic of cervical secretions during ovulation?

answer

clear, slippery mucus with elastic threads

question

Withdrawal has a relatively low effectiveness as a contraceptive method owing to

answer

preejaculatory fluid

question

Surgical severing of the ducts that carry sperm to the seminal vesicles is called

answer

vasectomy

question

Which of the following statements regarding sterilization is TRUE?

answer

Another form of birth control should be used for three months after the procedure

question

Tubal sterilization or tubul ligation entails the severing or blocking of the

answer

oviducts

question

Which of the following is TRUE about tubal sterilization?

answer

serious complications from the procedure are rarte

question

The Essure System of female sterilization works by

answer

causing scar tissue to form over implants to block the fallopian tubes

question

Surgical removal of the uterus is called

answer

hysterectomy

question

As it is commonly used, the word abortion

answer

refers to artificially induced expulsion of the fetus

question

____ refers to the spontaneous expulsion of an embryo or a fetus from the uterus with no casual intervention.

answer

miscarriage

question

When did courts in the US begin to overturn state anti-abortion laws?

answer

1960s

question

After teh Supreme Court legalized abortion,

answer

later ruling gave the states more power to set abortion policy

question

By what year were there laws against abortion in practically every state in the US?

answer

1800s

question

Abortion was made legal by the US Supreme Court in

answer

1973

question

The supreme court case that legalized abortion was

answer

Roe v. Wade

question

According to Roe v. Wade, states may regulate abortion

answer

for the period after which the fetus becomes viable

question

The Supreme Court's division of pregnancy into three parts, or trimesters

answer

gave a woman less choice about abortion as she advanced toward full term

question

During the second trimester, women may choose an abortion up to the point when the fetus is deemed viable, which means the fetus

answer

can survive outside the uterus

question

Most clinicians currently consider a fetus viable at ___ weeks of gestation.

answer

question

The percentage of all pregnancies in the US that end with an abortion is closest to

answer

25 percent

question

What did Roe v. Wade establish as the key criterion for establishing the point beyond which a woman's ability to choose abortion becomes markedly restricted?

answer

viability of the fetus

question

What percentage of pregnancies in the US are unintended?

answer

question

Since the mid-1970s, the number of women who choose to place a child up for adoption

answer

has dropped

question

The attitude of most adult Americans toward abortion is

answer

that it should be allowed only in cases of rape

question

Approximately what percentage of the population approves of legal abortions under ANY circumstance?

answer

25 percent

question

Those whol hold the pro-life position believe that the fertilized egg

answer

should have the same rights as any human from the point of conception

question

Which of the following is a personal consideration for a woman considering abortion?

answer

all of these

question

Research indicates that women who have had abortions

answer

have neither higher or lower frequency of psychiatric diagnoses than those who have not

question

Most induced abortions occur __ weeks of gestation.

answer

at 9-12

question

At current rates, about ___ percent of American women will have had an abortion by age 45

answer

question

The belief that the decision to end or continue a pregnancy is a personal matter reflects which view?

answer

pro-choice

question

Those who oppose abortion because they believe all life begins at conception reflect which view?

answer

pro-life

question

Which of the following is a pro-life view?

answer

all abortion should be illegal

question

Based on national research, which of hte following is NOT characteristic of most American women who have abortions?

answer

first time pregnant

question

When deciding to follow through with an unwanted pregnancy and give the baby up for adoption, the mother

answer

should see a counselor to make her choice

question

In which type of adoption do the birth parents and adoptive parents never meet each other?

answer

private

question

In which type of adoption do the birth parents and adoptive parents know something about one another and may meet?

answer

open

question

The majority of women in the US who have abortions

answer

are low income

question

Suction curretage abortions make up what percentage of all abortions?

answer

85 percent

question

Another name for suction curettage is

answer

dilation and curretage

question

Suction curettage is the most common method of abortion during

answer

the first trimester

question

Suction curettage is used in about what percentage of all abortions performed in the US?

answer

85 percent

question

An abortion option for women in the earliest stages of pregnancy is

answer

suction curettage

question

The most common method of abortion during the 13th to 24th weeks of pregnancy is

answer

dilation and evacuation

question

Which of hte following statements about dilation and evacuation is TRUE?

answer

It requires cervical dilation overnight before the procdure is completed

question

Medical abortion is generally used

answer

within 49 days of the last menstrual period

question

A medical abortion uses what to induce the abortion?

answer

combination of drugs

question

Which of the following does NOT reduce the risk of possible complications from an abortion?

answer

general anesthesia

question

Cramping and bleeding after an abortion

answer

are expected part of the process

question

Which of the following is a post-abortion danger sign?

answer

abdominal tenderness

question

Which of the following most accurately characterizes women's psychological reactions to having an abortion?

answer

psychological reactions depend on a woman's psychological makeup

question

In what way is alcohol similar to other drugs?

answer

Its physiological effects can cause long-term damage

question

A standard drink contains about

answer

0.6 ounces of alcohol

question

Beer usually contains what percentage of alcohol?

answer

3-6 percent

question

The process of fermentation is utilized in making

answer

wine

question

The approximate concentration of alcohol in a hard liquor such as vodka or gin is

answer

35-50 percent

question

Wines with the highest concentration of alcohol are called

answer

fortified

question

Which of the following beverages has the highest concentration of alcohol?

answer

sherry

question

The proof value of an alcoholic beverage is

answer

two times the percentage of alcohol in the beverage

question

A 20 proof beverage is ___ percent alcohol.

answer

question

Alcohol is metabolized

answer

at a varied rate depending on individual characteristscs

question

The carbonation in an alcoholic beverage like champagne

answer

speeds up the absorption rate of alcohol, thereby increasing the degree of impairment

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between food and alcohol consumption?

answer

eating slows alcohol absorption

question

Which of the following does NOT influence how long it takes for alcohol to be absorbed in the stomach?

answer

time of day that alcohol is consumed

question

The main site of alcohol metabolism is in the

answer

liver

question

What percentage of ingested alcohol is NOT metabolized in the liver but is excreted unchanged?

answer

2-10 percent

question

Which of the following statements about alcohol is TRUE?

answer

some alcohol is excreted by the lungs, which is the basis of breath analyses for alcohol levels

question

The amount of alcohol in the blood, which is used as a measure of intoxication, is called

answer

blood alcohol concentration

question

One reason that females usually become intoxicated more quickly than males is that

answer

the stomach enzyme that metabolizes alcohol is less active in women than in men

question

One reason that women have higher BACs than men after ingesting the same amount of alcohol is that women have

answer

a higher percentage of body fat

question

A man who weighs 150 pounds will metabolize one drink (one beer or glass of wine) in

answer

2 hours

question

At what blood alcohol concentration are you likely to first feel "relaxed"?

answer

less than 0.05 percent

question

What is the estimated time required to metabolize a BAC of .05 percent?

answer

4-6 hours

question

What would be the estimated blood alcohol concentration for a person who is experiencing emotional instability and exaggerated feelings and behavior?

answer

0.05-0.10 percent

question

How many house would be required to metabolize a blood alcohol concentration of 0.10-0.15 percent?

answer

6 to 10 hours

question

At what blood alcohol concentration are you likely to experience unsteadiness in walking and standing?

answer

0.05-0.10

question

At what blood alcohol concentration is pain perception significantly impaired?

answer

.05-.1

question

At what blood alcohol concentration could a person become unconscious?

answer

0.30-0.35 percent

question

Alcohol is classified as a(n)

answer

depressant

question

Initial effects of low concentrations of alcohol include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

sleepiness

question

Which of the following effects of alcohol use are likely to occur at the lower levels of BAC?

answer

light-headedness

question

At high blood alcohol concentrations, people are LEAST likely to feel

answer

jovial

question

A high blood alcohol concentration is most likely to increase

answer

irritability

question

Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of an intoxicated person?

answer

improved problem-solving skills

question

All of the following are symptoms of a hangover EXCEPT

answer

cough

question

Which of the following can cause death by alcohol poisoning?

answer

central nervous system and respiratory depression

question

Which of the following is an appropriate way to deal with an alcohol emergency?

answer

If unconscious, place the person on his side with his knees up

question

In a 2010 survey, what percentage of US adult drivers 18-20 admitted to during while under the influence of alcohol?

answer

15 percent

question

Many states have zero-tolerance laws, in which drivers under age 21

answer

will have their driver's license suspended after drinking any alcohol

question

A person with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.14 percent will be ___ times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than a sober driver.

answer

question

The legal BAC limit in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia is

answer

0.08 percent

question

Which of the following is a good strategy for protecting yourself if you suspect another driver is drunk?

answer

maintain a safe distance and stay alert

question

Continued overuse of alcohol commonly causes scarring in the

answer

liver

question

A disease of the liver caused by excessive and chronic drinking is

answer

cirrhosis

question

Which of the following is associated with cirrhosis?

answer

replacement of liver cells with scar tissue

question

Which of the following statements about alcohol-related pancreatitis is TRUE?

answer

Alcoholic pancreatitis occurs in those who engage in binge rinking

question

Some alcoholics show a weakening of the heart muscle, called

answer

cardiac myopathy

question

Which of the following are effects of chronic alcohol abuse on the brain?

answer

shrinkage of both grey and white matter

question

Approximately what percentage of alcoholics in the US experience dementia, memory loss and impaired reasoning?

answer

50 percent

question

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by

answer

impaired mental functioning

question

The effects of fetal alcohol syndrome are

answer

both physical and mental impairments

question

Cognitive and behavioral problems for infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy that is more common than fetal alcohol syndrome is

answer

alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder

question

Alcohol consumption by the mother can pose risks for the fetus

answer

throughout the pregnancy

question

Which of the following is the most accurate discription of the safe limit of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

answer

no alcohol consumed during pregnancy

question

Early in a pregnancy, heavy drinking by the mother may cause

answer

spontaneous abortion or miscarriage

question

Among people under age 35,

answer

light drinkers have lower mortality rates than both nondrinkers and heavy drinkers

question

Cardiovascular benefits from moderate alcohol consumption may be due to

answer

increased levels of HDL cholesterol

question

Alcohol may positive affect the cardiovascular system by

answer

reducing the risk of clot formation

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning alcohol use?

answer

health benefits from alcohol are negated by heavy use

question

Which of the following would probably NOT be a sign of impending alcohol abuse?

answer

drinking moderate amounts with most evening meals

question

Binge drinking is defined as drinking ___ drinks or more in about two hours, at least once within 30 days

answer

question

Alcohol dependence is also known as

answer

alcoholism

question

Among Americans under 21, most drinking

answer

is in the form of binging

question

Among college students, frequent binge drinkers are __ times more likely to engage in unplanned sexual activity, drive after drinking, or get injured than non-binge drinkers.

answer

3 to 7

question

Negative consequences associated with binge drinking include

answer

all of the above choices

question

What percentage of college binge drinkers identify themselves as problem drinkers?

answer

fewer than 1 percent

question

Which of the following is NOT a common pattern of alcohol consumption associated with alcohol dependence?

answer

long periods of sobriety interspersed with binges

question

Requiring more of a substance to get the same desired effect is known as

answer

tolerance

question

Lowered sensitivity to a drug such that a given dose no longer produces the usual effect is called

answer

tolerance

question

The unpleasant physical and mental state experienced when abstaining from alcohol after heavy use is known as

answer

withdrawal

question

Which of the following has a mortality rate as high as 15 percent?

answer

delirium tremens

question

Binge drinking among college students is difficult to address because

answer

it is so widespread

question

Alcoholics who stop drinking on their own often do so because of

answer

an alcohol-related crisis

question

Which of the following statements about alcohol treatment is TRUE?

answer

Different alcohol treatment strategies work for different people

question

An important component of treating alcoholism is

answer

identifying which treatment strategy will be most effective

question

Which of the following statements about naltrexone is TRUE?

answer

it decreases the pleasant effects of alcohol without making the person ill

question

The prolonged use of chemical substitutes in the treatment of alcoholism could

answer

lead to dependence on the substitute drug

question

Eating before and while drinking

answer

slows the rate of alcoholic absorption

question

A responsible party hose will

answer

make all of the above choices

question

Which of the following statements is MOST characteristic of alcoholism among white American men?

answer

A common pattern is a man becoming alcohollic in his early forties after beginning to drink excessively in his twenties

question

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of alcoholism in women as compared to in men?

answer

women tend to become alcoholics later in life

question

Which of the following statements regarding male and female use of alcohol is TRUE?

answer

women may have a higher biological risk than men

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

African Americans have a higher rate of alcohol-related problems than the general population

question

Which of the following groups has a lower-than-average rate of alcohol-abuse problems?

answer

Asian Americans

question

Which of the following groups has a rate of alcoholism twice the national average?

answer

American Indians

question

What is the addictive drug in tobacco?

answer

nicotine

question

The predominant psychoactive drug in tobacco is

answer

nicotine

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

nicotine is considered a powerful depressant

question

The primary reason people continue to use tobacco despite the health risks is because

answer

they are addicted to nicotine

question

On average, a regular user of tobacco can go how long between dosages of nicotine?

answer

no more than 40 minutes

question

Lynette has not had a cigarette for over an hour. Which of the following is she likely to experience?

answer

all of these choices are correct

question

People who quit smoking suddenly may have all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

answer

increased attentiveness

question

Most of the symptoms of physical dependence on smoking pass in

answer

2 to 3 days

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tobacco use?

answer

smokeless tobacco is highly addictive

question

The FDA has warned people to not use e-cigarettes because

answer

analysis shows that they contain carcinogens

question

The average age for smokers and smokeless tobacco users to start is about

answer

question

Marketers of e-cigarettes say that the devices deliver only

answer

nicotine

question

Which of the following statements about e-cigarettes is FALSE?

answer

The FDA has reported that e-cigarettes are safe to sue

question

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is commonly called

answer

secondhand smoke

question

Which of the following areas of the body will be adversely affected by tobacco?

answer

all of these areas will be adversely affected by tobacco

question

When particles of tobacco smoke condense, they form a brown sticky mass called

answer

tar

question

A substance that directly causes cancer is called a(n)

answer

carcinogen

question

A component of tobacco smoke that seriously limits the body's ability to use oxygen is

answer

carbon monoxide

question

Smokers who switch to low-tar or low-nicotine cigarettes will probably NOT reduce the risk of smoking because

answer

they are likely to smoke more cigarettes to maintain nicotine levels

question

Which of the following is an effect of nicotine?

answer

increased heart rate

question

Smoking affects hunger by

answer

depressing hunger contractions

question

Which of the following is the most widespread cause of death among smokers?

answer

coronary heart disease

question

Heart disease caused by the deposit of fatty substances on the walls of arteries is called

answer

atherosclerosis

question

A heart attack is also called

answer

a myocardial infraction

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding coronary heart disease and smoking?

answer

smokers have a death rate from CHD that is 25 percent higher than nonsmokers

question

Which of the following cardiovascular disease is linked to cigarette smoking?

answer

all of these choices are correct

question

What is the leading cause of cancer death in women?

answer

lung cancer

question

After a smoker quits smoking, approximately how long does it take before the risk of lung cancer drops to half that of a continuing smoker?

answer

10 years

question

Which of the following cancers is linked with smoking?

answer

all of these cancers are linked with amoking

question

Loss of lung tissue elasticity is characteristic of

answer

emphysema

question

Respiratory cilia

answer

signal the body that respiratory poisons are present

question

Which of the following health concerns is associated with smoking?

answer

all of these choices are correct

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

A male who begins smoking before the age of 15 continues to smoke is only half as likely to live to age 75 as a male who never smokes

question

Which of the following is NOT a major form of spit tobacco?

answer

cloves

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE about spit tobacco?

answer

Holding an average-size dip in the mouth for 30 minutes delivers about the same amount of nicotine as two or three cigarettes

question

White or red patches that appear in the mouth as a result of using spit tobacco are called

answer

leukoplakia

question

Health consequences related to the use of spit tobacco are likely to include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

lung cancer

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

cigar smoke contains fewer toxins and carcinogens than smoke from cigarettes

question

Clove cigarettes

answer

contain more tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide than conventional cigarettes

question

Small cigarettes imported from India contain species of tobacco different from those used by US cigarette manufacturers called

answer

bidis

question

Smoke exhale by a smoker is referred to as __ amoke

answer

mainstream

question

Smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar or pipe is referred to as ___ smoke

answer

sidestream

question

Which of the following is an effect of environmental tobacco smoke?

answer

all of these choices

question

Which of the following lingers in the bloodstream for five hours after exposure to environmental tobacco smoke?

answer

carbon monoxide

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

infants exposed to environental tobacco smoke are more likely to die of sudden infant death syndrome

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)?

answer

children are commonly affected by ETS

question

The primary effects of environmental tobacco smoke on children are

answer

related to teh respiratory system

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

research suggests there is little to no risk to nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke

question

TO increase the change for success when attempting to quit smoking, you should

answer

enlist support

question

Lynette has quit smoking. She can expect all of the following changes to occur EXCEPT

answer

a lack of improvement in circulation

question

Which one of the following nicotine replacement therapies is available only be prescription?

answer

none of these

question

Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient?

answer

enzymes

question

Nutrition is best described as the

answer

science of food

question

Which of the following describes the process by which the body breaks down and absorbs food?

answer

digestion

question

In what part of the body does digestion begin?

answer

mouth

question

Calorie is a commonly used name for

answer

kilocalorie

question

Which of the following essential nutrients supplies energy?

answer

proteins

question

Fat provides ___ calories per gram.

answer

question

Protein provides ___ calories per gram.

answer

question

Carbohydrates provide ___ calories per gram.

answer

question

Alcohol provides __ calories per gram.

answer

question

Amino acids are components of

answer

proteins

question

The building blocks of proteins are called

answer

amino acids

question

Of the 20 common amino acids, how many are termed "essential"?

answer

question

Which of the following describes protein sources that provide adequate amounts of all the amino acids not manufactured in the body?

answer

complete

question

Meats, fish, poultry and eggs are sources of ___ protein.

answer

complete

question

Most plant-based foods supply ___ proteins.

answer

incomplete

question

Which of the following is a source of incomplete protein?

answer

beans

question

Martha is a vegetarian and wants to eat a source of complete protein. Which of the following combinations should she choose?

answer

beans and peanut butter

question

The recommended daily intake of protein is ___ percent of total daily calories.

answer

10-35

question

If you consume more protein than your body needs, the extra energy from the protein is

answer

stored as fat

question

Fats are also called

answer

lipids

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of fats?

answer

contributing to the manufacture of hormones

question

The major source of fuel for the body during rest and light activity is

answer

fats

question

Hydrogenation

answer

turns liquid oils into solid or semi-solid fats

question

Most of the fasts in food are in the form of

answer

triglycerides

question

Linoleic and alpha-linoleic fatty acids, usually derived from plants, are examples of __ fats.

answer

polyunsaturated

question

Saturated fats are primarily found in ___ food sources and are __ at room temp.

answer

animal; solid

question

Which of the following is NOT a leading source of saturated fat in the American diet?

answer

poultry

question

Which of the following oils is not a major source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

answer

peanut

question

Which of the following best describes hydrogenated vegetable oils?

answer

they tend to be higher in saturated fat

question

Which of the following is a byproduct of hydrogenation?

answer

trans fatty acids

question

TO control blood cholesterol levels, the most important action to take is limiting the amount of ___ fat(s) in your diet.

answer

saturated and trans

question

Which of the following statements best describes trans fatty acids?

answer

they increase one's risk of developing heart disease

question

In order to determine the presence of trans fat in a given product, consumers should check the label for

answer

partially hydrogenated oils

question

A good source of omega-3 fatty acids is

answer

salmon

question

Which of the following plant sources does NOT contain omega-3 fatty acids

answer

coconut

question

Which of the following best describes omega-6 fatty acids?

answer

they are a form of polyunsaturated fat

question

When reducing fat intake, the emphasis should be placed on lowering intake of

answer

trans fatty acids

question

Which of the following is an effect of consuming omega-3 fatty acids?

answer

inhibition of abnormal heart rhythms

question

The major source of fuel for the nervous system, brain, and red blood cells is

answer

carbohydrates

question

Which of the following foods is a complex carbohydrate?

answer

potato

question

Which of the following best describes simple carbohydrates?

answer

they are found naturally in fruits and milk

question

Which of the following are richest in complex carbohydrates?

answer

grains and legumes

question

Which of the following is NOT removed during the processing whole grains?

answer

endosperm

question

The liver and muscles store carbohydrates in the form of

answer

glycogen

question

According to the FOod and Nutrition Board, which of the following distributions of total daily calories is most appropriate?

answer

65 percent carb, 25 percent fat, 10 percent protein

question

Refined carbohydrates

answer

tend to be much lower in fiber than unrefined carbohydrates

question

The refinement of whole grains transforms whole-wheat flour into

answer

white flour

question

Consumption of whole grains has been linked to

answer

reduced risk of certain forms of cancer

question

The measure of how a particular food affects blood glucose levels is the ___ index.

answer

glycemic

question

Nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intact in plants are referred to as

answer

dietary fiber

question

Fiber can help

answer

prevent constipation by increasing fecal bulk

question

Which of the following is NOT a good source of fiber?

answer

hamburger

question

Which of the following is often added to cereals or used in fiber supplements and laxatives to improve intestinal health?

answer

psyllium

question

The recommended daily amount of fiber for men is __ grams.

answer

question

The recommended daily intake of fiber for women is __ grams.

answer

question

The primary function of vitamins is to

answer

regulate various chemical reactions wihtin cells

question

Which of the following vitamins is NOT fat soluble?

answer

vitamin B

question

Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?

answer

vitamin C

question

Which of the following statements best describes the role of vitamins in the body?

answer

they are important in the maintenance of the immune system

question

Which of the following vitamins is a key antioxidant?

answer

vitamin E

question

Which of the following vitamins are produced by the body?

answer

vitamins D and K

question

The vitamin deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C is

answer

scurvy

question

Low intake of which of the following vitamins has been linked to increased risk of heart disease?

answer

folate

question

High dosages of vitamin A are associated with increased risk of

answer

night blindness

question

The best source of vitamin C is a(n)

answer

orange

question

Which of the following enhances the absorption of iron?

answer

vitamin C

question

Minerals

answer

help regulate body function

question

Examples of minerals in the body needs more than 100 milligrams of each day include

answer

calcium, potassium, and magnesium

question

Examples of trace minerals include

answer

fluoride, copper and zinc

question

A mineral commonly lacking in American diets is

answer

iron

question

A food rich in calcium is

answer

green leafy vegetables

question

Osteoporosis is associated with low intake of

answer

calcium

question

One practice that would help with building strong bones is to

answer

engage in weight-bearing aerobic activities

question

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to prevent osteoporosis?

answer

taking more vitamin A (as retinol)

question

Human body weight is composed of approximately __ percent water.

answer

50-60

question

Which of the following best describes the liquids that count toward total daily fluid intake?

answer

all fluids

question

Antioxidants

answer

can help protect the body from damaging molecules

question

Which of the following statements best describes free radicals?

answer

they are produced by the body as a normal part of metabolism

question

Phytochemicals

answer

may help prevent chronic diseases

question

Which of the following is a cruciferous vegetable?

answer

broccoli

question

The Dietary Reference Intakes

answer

are designed to prevent nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases

question

Which of the following best describes the purpose of MyPlate?

answer

to show people how to use the five food groups

question

Experts say that two of the most important factors in a healthy diet are eating the "right" kinds of fats and the "right" kinds of

answer

carbohydrates

question

Which of the following statements best describes the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

answer

they are supported by extensive medical evidence

question

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans encourage eating more of which of the following?

answer

whole grains

question

Which of the following is a general dietary guideline for Americans?

answer

choose a diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables

question

Which of the following types of foods is a most important for a healthy diet?

answer

nutrient-dense

question

Sedentary people should decrease their consumption of

answer

energy-dense carbohydrates

question

Americans most often consume salt by eating

answer

processed and prepared foods

question

which of the following is NOT a condiment that is high in sodium?

answer

lemon juice

question

Which of the following is not a food group on USDA's MyPlate?

answer

oils

question

Which of the following describes the philosophy behind MyPlate?

answer

showing how to build a healthy meal

question

For a person consuming a 2000 calorie diet, MyPlate recommends consuming three servings of __ each day.

answer

dairy

question

One ounce of protein is equivalent to the size of a

answer

large egg

question

About how many calories should sedentary women ages 14-18 consume each day?

answer

1800

question

Which of the following describes the MyPlate category of calories from solid fats and sugars?

answer

discretionary

question

Which of the following describes lacto-ovo-vegetarians?

answer

They do not eat fish but eat eggs and dairy products

question

Vegetarians who eat dairy products but not eggs are called

answer

vegans

question

Vegetarians who include milk and cheese products and small amounts of fish and poultry in their diets are called

answer

semivegetarians

question

Women who are capable of getting pregnant should eat foods fortified with

answer

folic acid

question

Unlike most population groups, endurance athletes may benefit from consuming additional

answer

carbohydrate

question

Which of the following is a good eating strategy for college students?

answer

abide by the portion sizes that are served to you

question

Which of the following is a good reason for taking a dietary supplement?

answer

you may become pregnant

question

Which of the following best describes a food that claims to be "light"?

answer

it has 50 percent less fat than a similar product

question

Which of the following is a criterion for USDA organic certification?

answer

feeding animals certified organic feed

question

Which of the following is a good tip for choosing a dietary supplement?

answer

Avoid products that do not give daily values for all ingredients

question

A guideline for food safety is to

answer

cook stuffing separately from poultry

question

IF the air temp is 75 degrees F cooked or refrigerated foods should be be left at room tempt for more than __ hours.

answer

two

question

Shelley is pregnant and has concerns about possible mercury contamination in the fish she eats. According to the FDA and EPA guidelines, which of the following should she avoid completely?

answer

swordfish

question

Food irradiation

answer

extends the shelf life of a food

question

In the US, genetically modified foods

answer

can appear in the food supply through contamination during processing

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