Periodic Table Trends Test Questions – Flashcards
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| Who is the first to organize elements according to atomic mass? |
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| Dmitri Mendeleev |
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| Who organized the elements according to atomic number? |
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| Henry Mosely |
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| How is the periodic table arranged? |
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| by properties |
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| Groups |
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| Families, columns |
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| Periods |
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| rows |
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| Group 1 |
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| The Alkali Metals |
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| soft, highly reactive, quickly react with oxygen in air, when added to cold water-reacts vigorously, form ion with a +1 charge |
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| characteristics of group 1 |
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| Group 2 |
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| The Alkali Earth Metals |
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| harder, denser, stronger, and have higher melting points than the alkali metals. less reactive than the alkali metals. form ion with a +2 charge |
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| characteristics of group 2 |
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| the alkaline earth metals have ____ electrons in the highest energy level |
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| 2 |
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| Groups 3-12 |
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| The Transitional Metals |
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| Metallic elements that have varying properties, not as reactive as the elements in previous groups, fill the d orbitals, have higher melting points than previous groups with 1 exception |
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| Groups 3-12..Transition Metals |
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| What is the exception of _________, the transition metals have higher melting points than groups 1 and 2 |
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| Mercury |
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| Group 13 |
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| Boron Group |
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| Has 3 valance electrons |
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| The Boron Group, 13 |
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| Ends in a px1 orbital |
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| group 13,Boron group |
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| Group 14 |
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| Carbon group |
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| has 4 valance electrons |
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| carbon, group 14 |
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| ends in py1 orbital |
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| carbon, 14 |
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| group 15 |
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| Nitrogen Group |
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| has 5 valance electrons |
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| Nitrogen group, 15 |
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| ends with pz1 orbital |
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| group 15, Nitrogen |
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| Group 16 |
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| Oxygen Group |
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| six valance electrons |
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| oxygen, 16 |
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| group 17 |
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| Halogen |
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| 7 valance electrons |
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| group 17, halogen |
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| ends in a px2 electrons |
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| group 16, oxygen |
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| ends in a py2 |
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| group 17, halogens |
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| combine easily with metals, especially the alkali metal, to form compounds known as salts. the most reactive nonmetal elements |
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| group 17, halogens |
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| group 18 |
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| Noble Gas |
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| have full s and p orbitals in the highest energy level, have low reactivity because this electron configuration is very stable meaning it is resistant to change, 8 valence electrons, very stable elements |
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| group 18, noble gases |
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| What are the 2 groups of the rare earth elements? |
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| Lanthadides and Actinide |
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| Lanthanides |
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| atomic numbers from 58 to 71, end in a 4f orbital, all shiny reactive metals |
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| Actinide |
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| atomic numbers from 90 to 103, end in a 5f orbital, unstable and radioactive, only the first 4 have been found naturally on earth. the remaining actinides are known only as laboratory made elements |
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| Hydrogen |
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| because of its unique properties, hydrogen is in a group by itself |
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| four regions of the periodic table |
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| metals, nonmetals, metalloids, noble gases |
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| metals (6) |
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| good conductors of heat and electricity, solids under ordinary condition (except mercury), ductile, malleable, luster, left side of table |
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| ductile |
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| can be drawn into fine wire |
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| malleable |
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| can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets |
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| luster |
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| shiny |
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| Nonmetal |
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| opposite of metals...right side of table |
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| Metalloids (3) |
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| have some characteristics of metal and others characteristic of nonmetal, semi conductor, found along stair step line |
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| Periodic Law |
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| properties of elements tend to change with increasing atomic number in a periodic way |
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| Atomic Radius |
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| one half of the distance from center to center of 2 like atoms |
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| atomic radius trend |
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| increases down column, decreases across the row |
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| Ionization energy |
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| amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a specific atom or ion in its ground state in the gas phase |
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| ionization energy trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electron negativity |
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| tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is combined with another atom |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electronegativity trend |
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| decreases down column, increases across row |
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| electron affinity |
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| amound of energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom |
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| affinity trend |
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| decreases down, increases across |
