question

The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was:

answer

Bartolome de las Casas

question

What was NOT part of the Colombian exchange?

answer

Potatoes from Europe and olive trees from the New World

question

The Chinese dynasty which replaced the Ming in the seventeenth century and which came from Manchuria was the:

answer

Qing

question

The most famous map projection in history is:

answer

that of Gerardus Mercator

question

Encomienda were:

answer

a Spanish system devised to collect tribute from natives and use their labor.

question

The Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe was:

answer

Marco Polo

question

Portugal became the early leader in European expansion largely through:

answer

defeating Muslim opposition in establishing trade opportunities with India.

question

Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by:

answer

the conquest of the Aztec empire by Cortes

question

When the Potosi mines in Peru opened in 1545:

answer

the cost of precious metals imported into Europe quadrupled.

question

Which of the following was NOT a result of European expansion and exploration?

answer

the introduction of smallpox into Europe.

question

Native Americans were not widely used as slaves on sugar plantations because:

answer

their populations were too small due to European diseases.

question

Which of the following statements best applies to the economy of 16th and 17th century Europe?

answer

The joint stock company enabled the raising of spectacular sum of capital for world trading ventures.

question

While there were 3 reasons for European exploration, which was the primary motive for European exploration during the renaissance?

answer

economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade.

question

The religious crusading motive for exploration was strongest in:

answer

Spain and Portugal.

question

The first known circumnavigation of the earth is associated with:

answer

Ferdinand Magellan.

question

One of the major economic problems of the sixteenth century in Europe was:

answer

Inflation.

question

The Pole Star as a navigational device was useless:

answer

South of the equator.

question

The major European disease that resulted in high rates of mortality among the natives of the New World was:

answer

Smallpox.

question

The African slave trade:

answer

increased the number of wars in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves.

question

The British East India Company official who fought off the French threat in India was:

answer

Sir Robert Clive

question

The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India was:

answer

Vasco da Gama.

question

Prince Henry the Navigator established the first school for mariners at his court in:

answer

Portugal.

question

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided:

answer

the New World between Spain and Portugal.

question

The conquistador who conquered and looted the Inca Empire in 1531 was:

answer

Pizarro.

question

The European Nation that established a settlement at Africa's Cape of Good Hope was:

answer

the Dutch Republic.

question

The early 15th century reformer who was burned at the stake was:

answer

Jan Hus.

question

The Reformation successfully abolished all of the following from the lives of Europe's protestant community EXCEPT:

answer

taverns or pubs.

question

The Catholic Reformation's ultimate refusal to compromise with Protestantism was exemplified by:

answer

the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index to control people and ideas opposed to Church teachings.

question

England's break with the Roman church became official with the passage of the:

answer

Act of Supremacy.

question

Although Charles V has many adversaries, his chief concern during his reign was:

answer

Francis I of France.

question

Though Luther was condemned at the Diet of Worms, he survived because he was protected by:

answer

the Elector of Saxony.

question

The Edict of Worms:

answer

made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.

question

In France, the Protestant minority was known as:

answer

Huguenots.

question

Zwingli's interpretation of the Lord's Supper differed from Luther's in that:

answer

Zwingli's said that the ceremony was only symbolic.

question

The Jesuit missionary who propagated Christianity in India, Malacca and the Moluccas, and Japan, and who died before reaching China was:

answer

Francis Xavier.

question

The Edict of Nantes was all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

expelling the Huguenots from France.

question

The Reformation changed conceptions of the family by:

answer

extolling the superior state of marriage over celibacy.

question

Luther's religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that:

answer

no amount of good works could satisfy God's righteousness.

question

Concerning the sacraments of the Catholic Church, Luther:

answer

rejected all of them except baptism and communion.

question

The northern Christian humanists:

answer

promoted studying classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church.

question

The Council of Trent:

answer

reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against the Reformation.

question

The Peasants' War of 1524-1525:

answer

was opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution against God's divine order.

question

Luther's ideas were spread primarily through:

answer

his sermons.

question

England's Queen Elizabeth I could best be described as a:

answer

moderate protestant.

question

Philip II of Spain was ultimately unable to defeat:

answer

the Dutch Republic.

question

At its outset, the Reformation in Germany was:

answer

largely an urban phenomenon.

question

The author of Utopia, a satire on European government and society, was:

answer

Thomas More.

question

The Anabaptists:

answer

advocated adult baptism, and if they had been baptized as children, a second baptism.

question

The religious reformer who "laid the egg that Luther hatched" was:

answer

Desiderius Erasmus.

question

The Religious Peace of Augsburg settled the Lutheran problem by adopting the principle that:

answer

the ruler of each territory determined the religion there.

question

The bacteria that caused the bubonic plague, aka the "black death" entered the European continent through which location and method?

answer

Sicily via Merchant Ships

question

Joan of Arc was a peasant girl that inspired and led the French armies to break the siege and win the battle at which French town?

answer

Orleans

question

The subject of the majority of artists during the middle ages was:

answer

Scenes from the Bible

question

Which two groups migrated from mainland Europe to the the British Isles after the fall of Rome?

answer

Saxons and Angles

question

The 100 years war was fought between whom?

answer

France and England

question

What technological advantage did England exploit during the 100 years war to win the early battles?

answer

Long Bow

question

What political and social system evolved following the death of Charlemagne?

answer

Feudalism

question

Agricultural advancements in the late middle ages include all of the following except:

answer

Ox Yoke

question

A heretic was one that:

answer

denied or challenged certain Church teachings

question

The period of time from 1305 to 1377 is called the Babylonian Captivity- to what event does the term refer to?

answer

the exile of the office of the Pope to Avignon

question

Between the years of 1348 and 1350, one third of Europe's population did what?

answer

died during an outbreak of the bubonic plague

question

Charlemagne was responsible for all of the following except:

answer

making church officials superior to political leaders

question

William the Conqueror's victory at the Battle of Hastings introduced which line of kings in England?

answer

Norman

question

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Church and the people during the middle ages?

answer

at the center of life and all levels of society

question

Which city did not contain a major university?

answer

Glasgow

question

Dominic de Guzman believed the best way to attack heresy was:

answer

the formation of a new order of men who lived lives of poverty and preached effectively

question

Peasants were required to pay their local village church a tithe, which was:

answer

10% of their produce

question

The struggle between Henry IV and Gregory VII was known as the:

answer

Investiture Controversy

question

The harmonization of Christian teaching with the works of Greek philosophers was the chief aim of:

answer

Scholiasticism

question

All of the following statements are true of humanists except:

answer

they did not appreciate the value of daily life

question

The Flemish painter Jan van Eyck was one of the first to use and perfect this technique.

answer

Oil Painting

question

"Geography is destiny" proved true for the Italians of the 14th and 15th centuries for all of the following reasons except:

answer

their establishment of overland trade with Asia

question

Who was a Medici Pope?

answer

Clement VI and Leo X

question

Who was the northern artist who visited Italy and studied the Italian laws of perspective in art?

answer

Albrecht Durer

question

In 1528, Baldassare Castiglione wrote the Book of the Courtier, which:

answer

described the characteristics of a renaissance noble

question

the renaissance style of painting could best be characterized by which of the following descriptions?

answer

Naturalistic

question

Ambassadors were first appointed in order to:

answer

resolve territorial disputes through negotiations instead of war

question

Fredrick William the Great built Brandenburg-Prussia into a significant European power by:

answer

making the General War Commissariat the bureaucratic machine of his state.

question

The witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries:

answer

were often directed against single old women.

question

The capital of the Habsburg Empire was in:

answer

Austria

question

The English Bill of Rights:

answer

laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy.

question

As Louis XIII's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu was most successful in:

answer

strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy.

question

The economic policies of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's controller general of finances:

answer

were based on the economic theory of mercantilism that stressed government regulation of economic affairs to benefit the state.

question

In 1529, and again in 1683, Vienna was seriously threatened by

answer

the Ottoman Empire

question

The artistic movement Mannerism reached it's peak with the work of

answer

El Greco

question

Cardinal Richelieu understood that, in Louis XIII France, the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy was

answer

resistance by the great nobles.

question

Jacques Boussuet's "Politics Drawn From the Very Words of Holy Scripture"

answer

was the fundamental statement of 17th century divine right monarchy.

question

After 1648, the Holy Roman Empire

answer

was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states.

question

Russian society in the 17th century

answer

witnessed profound religious reforms in the Russian Orthodox Church.

question

The uprising in France that nearly overthrew Louis XIV early in his reign was the:

answer

Fronde.

question

The incident that prompted the nobles to dispose of James II was:

answer

the birth of a Catholic son.

question

Which of the following exerted the most influence on Italy by the 18th century?

answer

Austria.

question

The Thirty Years War..

answer

is considered by most to be part of the larger Bourbon-Habsburg struggle.

question

Under the liberum veto, an act of the Polish Sejm could be vetoed by..

answer

any member of the Sejm.

question

James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by:

answer

insisting on his right to govern through Divine Right.

question

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648

answer

German states were allowed to determine their religion.

question

The Petition of Right (1628), among other things:

answer

maintained that the King could pass no new tax without the consent of Parliament.

question

Baroque art:

answer

attempted to blend the feelings of the religious reformations with classical Renaissance art.

question

The War of the Spanish Succession ended when Philip V of Spain

answer

conceded to a permanent split between the French and Spanish thrones.

question

The Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn was noted for

answer

being the one great Protestant painter of the 17th century.

question

The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as

answer

the geocentric conception

question

What was the name of Descartes' book that expounded his theories about the universe?

answer

Discourse on Method.

question

Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the 16th century by:

answer

advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.

question

Benedict Spinoza believed that women:

answer

were "naturally" inferior to men.

question

On the Fabric of the Human Body:

answer

was Andreas Vesalius' masterpiece on anatomical structure.

question

Newton's major work was:

answer

Principia.

question

In his work "Pensees", Pascal

answer

attempted to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid by appealing to their reason and emotions.

question

The scientist whose work led to the law that states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted upon it and who argued that matter is composed of atoms, later known as the chemical elements, was

answer

Robert Boyle

question

William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of:

answer

the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood.

question

Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries

answer

although readily accepted in his own country, were resisted on the continent.

question

The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was

answer

Galileo.

question

Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by

answer

making accurate observations of the planets.

question

According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?

answer

mathematics.

question

During the 17th century, royal and princely patronage of science

answer

became an international phenomenon.

question

Concerning the first important scientific societies, the French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's

answer

government support and control

question

The foundation of Francis Bacon's methodology was

answer

inductive reasoning.

question

Margaret Cavendish attacked the belief

answer

that humans through science were masters of nature.

question

The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century

answer

although an innovative phase in western thinking, was based upon the intellectual and scientific accomplishments of previous centuries.

question

Galileo's ideas on motion included the

answer

principle of inertia.

question

Descartes believed that the world could be understood by

answer

the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.

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