Paleolithic Society and Neolithic Revolution – Flashcards
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Paleolithic Era (When)
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2.5 million - 10,000 BC
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What was a Pale0lithic Society like?
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Hunter/Gather - Mobile - Small sized - Relative gender equalty - Relative social equality - Awareness of Natural environment
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Neolithic Era (When)
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10,000 BC - 6,000 BC
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What did the Neolithic Era do?
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The Neolithic Era was the first time humans transitioned from hunter gatherer societies to settled down agrarian societies
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What was Neolithic Society like?
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- Grow crops - Raise domesticated animals - Villages formed around 8000 BC
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What were the results of the Agricultural Revolution (Paleolithic -> Neolithic)
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- Permanent settlements - Food surplus -> population growth -> specialised labor (pottery, textiles, metallurgy) -> trade - Gender INequality - Social classes - Religious (deities associated with helping weather and crops growth)
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Migration of Homo Sapiens
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60,000 years ago -> ice ages cooled the earth's temperature which lowered the worlds sea levels exposing straits and bridges of land connecting to inhabited areas of the world - New Guinea - Indonesia
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Paleolithic Society (Social/Gender)
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- No social distinctions on wealth - They lived on egalitarial lifestyles - Paleolithic society didn't encourage one sex to be more dominant
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Paleolithic Society (Hunt Style)
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Hunters were technical/didn't search aimlessly for food - They fashioned tools to attack large mammals
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Paleolithic Settlements
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Some abandoned nomadic lifestyle and established permanent settlements - Natufian Society (collected wild wheat/had herds) -> ISRAEL - Jomon Society (harvested buckwheat) -> JAPAN - Chinook Society (wild berries, acorns) -> NORTH AMERICA
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Neanderthal Peoples
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- First type of people to show spiritual rituals - Lived closely with homo sapiens
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200,000 years ago
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Stone Blades
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140,000 years ago
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Diet with shellfish
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110,000 years ago
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Catching fish from deep waters
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50-40,ooo years ago
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Necklace/Bracelets
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10,000 years ago
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Bow and Arrow
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Cave Paintings
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Represented conscious and purposeful activity of a higher order
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Neolithic Society (Gender Relations)
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Women most likely began systematic care of plants (nurture instead of just collecting) Men captured animals instead of killing (domestication)
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Neolithic Society (Independent Inventions of Agriculture) 1 - DATE
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9000 BCE - Southwest Asia - wheat barley sheeps and goats
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Neolithic Society (Independent Inventions of Agriculture) 2 - DATE
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9000-7000 BCE - Africa - sheeps, goats, sorghum
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Neolithic Society (Independent Inventions of Agriculture) 3 - DATE
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8000-6000 BCE - Sub Saharan - Yams, okra, black eyed peas
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Neolithic Society (Independent Inventions of Agriculture) 4 - DATE
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6500 BCE - Rice
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Neolithic Society (Independent Inventions of Agriculture) 5 - DATE
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4000 BCE - Mesoamerica - Beans, peppers, squashes, tomatoes
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Neolithic Society - Specialization of Labor
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Catal Hüyük - pots, baskets, textiles, leather, stone, beads, jewelry, metal tools, wood carvings
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Neolithic Society - Social Distinctions
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- Specialization of labor triggered accumulation of wealth
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Neolithic Religion
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- Paleolithic worshipped Venus figurines in hopes of fertility -> NEOLITHIC: Venus + Deities of Life, Death, Regeneration, etc
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Emergence of Cities - (What are the differences between a Neolithic village and city?)
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1. Larger - more complex Catal Hüyük -> specialized crafts, administrators, professionals, tax collectors 2. Cities specifically influenced the political, economical and cultural life of large regions
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What were some of the problems with the Agricultural Lifestyle?
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1 Malnutrition 2 Starvation 3 Disease 4 Social Inequality 5 Gender Inequality
