question

The _____ _________ is the alimentary canal, a tube that runs from the mouth to the anus, and the accompanying organs that aid digestion.

answer

GI Tract

question

___________ that is not treated may lead to 'periodontitis.'

answer

Gingivitis

question

Pain and limitation of the movement of the jaw with tinnitus as a result of inflammation of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) is characteristic of '_____ ____________.'

answer

TMJ Syndrome

question

_______ ________, a fungal infection that produces sore patches in the mouth and throat, may be the result of 'prolonged antibiotic therapy.'

answer

Oral thrush

question

The _________ ________ _____ will live in the nerve and return to form the blisters of a cold sore. Often before the appearance of the sore, there is a tingling sensation. Even during that time, the virus can be transmitted to others.

answer

Herpes Simplex Virus

question

The treatment of ______ _________ is 'finding or correcting the source of irritation.'

answer

Oral Leukoplakia

question

______ __________ is often advanced because pain IS a late occurrence. The lip is the most COMMON site.

answer

Oral Cancer

question

Where is the most common site for oral cancer?

answer

The lip

question

The treatment of _____________ _______ ______ includes 'BOTH a light evening meal four hours before bedtime and elevation of the bed about 6 inches, and the use of H2-receptor antagonist or a proton pump inhibitor.'

answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

question

____________ __________ is a severe consequence of GERD." It occurs because recurrent acid reflux changes the esophageal tissue to columnar epithelium, which is the tissue in the stomach. This protects against the acid. It has a MALIGNANT potential.

answer

Barrett's esophagus

question

What cancer does not have a high survival rate?

answer

Esophageal Cancer

question

Agents that may damage the gastric lining and cause GASTRITIS include ALL:

answer

Medications (e.g., NSAIDs), poisons, alcohol, and infectious diseases, mechanical injury, allergic reaction or irritation from foods.

question

_________ is the inflamed stomach lining that when chronic, can lead to an ulcer.

answer

Gastritis

question

The diagnostic evaluation for peptic ulcers might include ALL:

answer

Endoscopy and biopsy of the lesion, patient history, upper GI barium series and the study of gastric contents and stool for evidence of bleeding.

question

"The causal factor(s) of peptic ulcers are ALL:

answer

Helicobacter pylori infection; NSAIDs; AND stress.

question

What is the most common BACTERIA in the world?

answer

Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori)

question

The management of peptic ulcers may necessitate:

answer

Rest, Changes in diet, adjustments of lifestyle, and drug therapy

question

Most common Ulcer:

answer

Duodenal ulcer

question

__________ ______ can be caused by 'a weakness that develops in the diaphragm.'" NOT by swallowing a foreign body ; or, lack of dietary bulk.

answer

Hiatal hernia

question

The Hiatal hernia may displace part of the stomach into the:

answer

Chest Cavity

question

Consequences of a Hiatal Hernia:

answer

Reflux and Pain

question

An __________ __________ is a condition in which an organ protrudes through an opening or weakness in the abdominal wall.

answer

Abdominal Hernia

question

Usually an abdominal hernia is the ___________ ____________ protruding.

answer

Small Intestine

question

If an abdominal hernia gets stuck in the hernia, or is "_____________," it can infarct and cause significant illness, such as Peritonitis.

answer

Incarcerated

question

__________ is infection and inflammation of the abdominal cavity.

answer

Peritonitis

question

Abdominal discomfort with maximum tenderness of the abdomen at McBurney's point, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, or constipation are clinical signs of ________________. It occurs because the outlet of the appendix is obstructed and abscess formation occurs. It is treated surgically.

answer

Appendicitis

question

The primary treatment of gastric cancer may include:

answer

Gastric resection usually followed by chemoradiotherapy.

question

________ ________ is usually the initial symptom of gastric cancer.

answer

Weight loss

question

A fairly common chronic inflammatory disease of the alimentary canal involving all layers of the bowel, which causes chronic diarrhea, is '_________ __________.' It has a high rate of recurrence.

answer

Crohn's Disease

question

Another name for Crohn's Disease is:

answer

Regional Enteritis

question

Crohn's Disease is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the alimentary canal 'in which:

answer

All layers of the bowel are edematous and inflamed

question

Is Crohn's disease easily identifiable?

answer

No

question

Is Crohn's medically curable?

answer

No

question

Crohn's Disease can present with abnormal areas between normal areas, which are called:

answer

Skip Lesions

question

Is rectal common in Crohn's?

answer

No

question

Crohn's disease does increase the risk for:

answer

Colon CA

question

____________ _________ begins in the rectum continues up to involve the colon, and often presents with bloody diarrhea.

answer

Ulcerative Colitis

question

Ulcerative Colitis is limited to the ______, and involves superficial layers of the colon as the mucosa and submucosal layers.

answer

Colon

question

Ulcerative Colitis has an increased risk for:

answer

Colon cancer

question

________________ is inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestine. The protection of the normal stomach acid, gut bacteria, and intestinal motility is over whelmed by bacteria and toxins, viruses, parasites, and inflammation with cramps, diarrhea, some bleeding may occur.

answer

Gastroenteritis

question

A common syndrome of gastroenteritis, is usually caused by 'ingestion of food or water contaminated with BACTERIA.'" More often from raw veggies and fruit.

answer

Traveler's Diarrhea

question

The symptoms of food poisoning are due to:

answer

The pathogens themselves or to the toxins they produce.

question

Mechanical obstruction of the bowel can result from:

answer

Neoplasm, Fecal impaction, volvulus, or intussusception

question

Obstruction is _____________, due to a lesion. Or it is _______________, due to no bowel movement (ileus): in both the food does have a forward motion.

answer

Mechanical, functional

question

An _______ is almost paralyzed bowel, without activity, after surgery, severe infection, or medications, etc

answer

Ileus

question

Intestinal obstruction can be ALL:

answer

Mechanical, Functional, Partial, or Complete

question

A condition in which out-pouches of the mucosa penetrate weak points in the muscular layer of the large intestine is called _______________.

answer

DiverticulOSIS

question

_______________ is when the outpouchings (diverticula) become inflamed and infected. NOT a hiatal hernia, or peritonitis. A rupture of diverticulitis can cause peritonitis, the infection of the abdominal cavity.

answer

DiverticulITIS

question

The earliest signs of colorectal cancer are: It is NOT obvious and detectable early, and early NOT obstructed, ruptured, or cause peritonitis.

answer

Often vague and nonspecific

question

____________ _________ is the THIRD most common site of cancer incidence and death in men and women. Think about this Ca when an elderly patient has iron deficient anemia (from blood loss and bleeding away iron) and a stool positive for blood. Risk increases with age.

answer

Colorectal Cancer

question

Patient teaching for patients with colorectal cancer would include: The patient should always the side effects of treatment; and, arrange time for the patient to ask questions.

answer

Informing the patient that family members have increased risk and should undergo screening

question

Colorectal Cancer often begins as a ________, which can increase in size and have a malignant transformation. It occurs more often after 50 years old, and is followed by colonoscopy.

answer

polyp

question

_________________ _____________ is related to 'use of broad spectrum antibiotics.' Antibiotics change the bowel bacterial flora, and allows bad bacteria (C. difficile) to overgrow and cause illness.

answer

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

question

The bacteria produces toxins that affect the inner linings of the bowel. It becomes inflamed, ulcerated, and necrotic. This forms a ________________ _________.

answer

Pseudomembrane coating

question

____________ ________ ____________ is a functional (not mechanical) bowel disorder with chronic pain or discomfort, bloating, and erratic dysfunction of bowel habits. there con be constipation, cramps, bloating, or diarrhea.

answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

question

Is there a cure for IBS?

answer

No

question

A key feature of irritable bowel syndrome is:

answer

A change of bowel habits with predominant diarrhea or constipation.

question

The inside of the abdomen is called the __________ _________ and is lined by the peritoneal membrane.. If the stomach or intestines, or say appendix or diverticulitis ruptures, it spills out infection, and it can cause Peritonitis.

answer

Peritoneal cavity

question

Inflammation, infection, or irritation of the large serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and folds over the visceral organs is called ___________.

answer

Peritonitis

question

A _____________ is a varicose dilatation of a vein in the anal canal or anorectal area. It is painless or may have pain, itch, protrusion, or bleeding.

answer

Hemorrhoid

question

Causes of a Hemorrhoid:

answer

Constipation, straining, or pregnancy

question

The liver has the ability to repair itself, after repeated injury (e.g.,alcohol) or an infection (e.g.,hepatitis). With cirrhosis, the repair is not orderly, and the anatomy changes. There is fibrous scarring. Bile and blood flow are adversely affected. The MOST COMMON cause is ______________.

answer

Alcoholism

question

When bile does not flow into the duodenum, the stools will turn clay colored. When the blood from the intestine can't flow through the liver, it backs up and the abdomen swells. This causes ascites. When the liver can't process bilirubin, the patient becomes __________ (or has yellow jaundice.) Built up bilirubin in the body causes dark urine. These processes are seen in hepatitis, also.

answer

Icteric

question

Cirrhosis of the liver:

answer

Chronic, Not reversible, it comes from alcohol,viruses, and other pathogens, but it is NOT idiopathic; and symptoms are not ALL related to digestion.

question

___________ ______ is "Infectious" hepatitis because it occurs in schools, camps.

answer

Hepatitis A

question

Hepatitis A is not a:

answer

Blood borne infection

question

What is the most common blood borne infection in the U.S.?

answer

Hep C

question

Viral Hepatitis A is usually transmitted by ALL:

answer

The fecal oral route; contaminated food, water, or stool; and poor hygiene.

question

___________ __ is "Serum' Hepatitis, has an insidious onset, and can cause liver destruction.

answer

Hepatitis B

question

A Hepatitis B patient can become a:

answer

Chronic carrier

question

Health care workers exposed to body fluids are at risk for contracting:

answer

Hep B

question

Hepatitis C is considered to be:

answer

A widespread epidemic

question

In Hep C the source of infection is often:

answer

Unknown

question

With Hep C, can complete recovery of the liver on treatment happen?

answer

Yes

question

Can Hep C be transmitted by sexual transmission?

answer

yes

question

Is there a vaccine for Hep C?

answer

No

question

Health care workers are at risk for Hepatitis C. T/F

answer

True

question

Cancer in the liver is:

answer

Usually a secondary cancer, more metastatic than primary. Not likely to be discovered early. Poor prognosis.

question

Most common etiologic factor for primary ca is:

answer

Hep B virus

question

_______________, which causes obstruction of bile ducts, causes the patient to experience 'biliary colic, with radiating pain, and jaundice.'" It usually HAS symptoms, HAS NO rectal bleeding, and is NOT felt at McBurney's point.

answer

Cholelithiasis

question

Cholelithiasis is the stone that is formed, and it causes cholecystitis, which is inflammation and infection of the ____ _______. (Lith=stone)

answer

Gall bladder

question

Inflammation of the gallbladder commonly associated with gallstones is called:

answer

Cholecystitis

question

The causes of Pancreatitis include:

answer

Alcoholism, trauma, and infection; AND biliary tract disease, structural anomalies, and drugs

question

Clostridium difficile causes the intestinal condition:

answer

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

question

Cancer of the pancreas IS _______ as common in men as women.

answer

Twice

question

Cancer of the pancreas is the ______ leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States.

answer

4th

question

Signs and symptoms of malnutrition can result from all:

answer

Eating too much or too little; a malabsorption syndrome, ; a case involving severe burns or other severe trauma.

question

Is there a genetic component to fatness and the regional distribution of fat?

answer

Yes

question

____________ __ is considered highly toxic, especially in infants and children.

answer

Vitamin D

question

____________________ is toxicity from any vitamin, but especially the fat-soluble vitamins A and D.

answer

Hypervitaminosis

question

Fat Soluble Vitamins are:

answer

Vitamins D, E, A, and K. They build up in the body because they are deposited int the fat cells.

question

Water soluble vitamins are:

answer

Vitamins B and C. They pass out with the urine.

question

A disease of the small intestine characterized by malabsorption, gluten intolerance, and damage to the lining of the intestine is called: Not short bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, or Crohn's.

answer

Celiac Sprue

question

Celiac disease is:

answer

A disease of the small intestine

question

Celiac disease is characterized by:

answer

Malabsorption, gluten intolerance, and damage to the lining of the intestine

question

Celiac disease requires:

answer

A lifelong compliance with a strict gluten-free diet.

question

The disease linked to a psychologic disturbance in which hunger is denied by self-imposed starvation is ___________ _________

answer

Anorexia Nervosa

question

______________ is binge eating then vomiting.

answer

Bulimia

question

____________ and ___________ are not psychological processes.

answer

Malabsorption and volvulus

question

The most serious complications of Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa include:

answer

Electrolyte imbalance and Cardiac irregularities. These are causes of death. Loss of weight, denial, anger, and fear of being fat do not kill.

question

_________ ___________ is loss of equilibrium during motion. The inner ear is the organ of balance, and is disturbed by acceleration and deceleration.

answer

Motion Sickness

question

Motion sickness is a concern in a ___ _______ because of the nausea and vomiting that occurs after the dizziness, shortness of breath, sweating, and headache.

answer

GI sense

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