Out of Many, One Unit Test Ela – Flashcards
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Read these lines from "O Captain! My Captain!". O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. How does Whitman use the extended metaphor to refer to Lincoln's death?
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Whitman compares Lincoln's tragic death to a captain lying dead on the deck of his ship.
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Read Lincoln's statement from "The Gettysburg Address." It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. Which statement best describes how Lincoln uses brevity to make an emotional impact?
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He reminds the living of the sacrifices that the dead made for them.
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Read these excerpts. Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address." It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. Whitman's "O Captain! My Captain!". Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! But I, with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. Which rhetorical appeal do both excerpts use?
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pathos: the use of emotional appeals to affect the audience's feelin
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Read this line from "O Captain! My Captain!". The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; What does "the prize we sought is won" refer to?
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The North has won the Civil War.
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Read these lines from Whitman's "O Captain! My Captain!". But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. Which line from Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address appeals to the audience's emotions in a similar way?
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Incorrect Answer: The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
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Read these lines from Whitman's "O Captain! My Captain!." Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. What is the speaker referring to?
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Abraham Lincoln has tragically died.
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Read these lines from "O Captain! My Captain!". O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up - for you the flag is flung - for you the bugle trills; For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths - for you the shores a-crowding; For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; What is the speaker referring to in these lines?
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The people of the country are celebrating Lincoln's victory.
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Read Lincoln's statement from "The Gettysburg Address." It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. Which impact is Lincoln most likely hoping to achieve with the above statement?
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for people to continue the unfinished work of the soldiers
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Which extended metaphor does Whitman use throughout "O Captain! My Captain!?"
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Whitman compares Lincoln to a ship captain.
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Read Lincoln's statement from "The Gettysburg Address." The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. Which point is Lincoln trying to make?
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The progress made by the soldiers has more impact than words.
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This photo, titled "Migrant Mother," was taken during the Great Depression. Read the excerpt about the photo from Years of Dust. Lange, the children recalled, had promised not to publish the photo, but had done exactly that. It appeared on March 10, 1936, in the San Francisco News, above First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt's weekly "My Day" column. Thompson saw the picture and felt betrayed. For the rest of her life, she resented Lange's use of her image for publicity. Thompson was an active woman, who had helped organize farmworkers' unions. "She was a very strong woman," said daughter Katherine, seen in the photo by her mother's right shoulder. "She was a leader. I think that's one of the reasons she resented the photo—because it didn't show her in that light." How would knowing the true background of the photo most likely affect a reader?
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It might make the reader reconsider the emotions that the photo stirs up.
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Which statement best defines the term "sidebar"?
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A sidebar is a short piece of text that provides information about a subtopic in a nonfiction article.
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The emotional appeals of text and images in Years of Dust work to
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persuade readers
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This photo was taken during the Great Depression. How could this photo be used to evoke sympathy in readers?
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The photo shows a truck carrying the belongings of someone who is likely homeless, which could persuade readers to give to a charity.
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Read the paragraph titled "Okies Have Lice" from Years of Dust. Surrounding communities resented the newcomers. Some locals assumed that, because Okies were poor, they deserved to be poor—had brought poverty upon themselves through laziness, ignorance, and "immorality." Too often, Okie children met bias in school. "The better dressed children shout and jeer," a parent told John Steinbeck. "The teachers are quite often impatient with these additions to their duties, and the parents of the 'nice' children do not want to have disease carriers in their schools." After all, everyone just "knew" that "Okies have lice." This piece of text is a
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Incorrect Answer: main topic.
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This photo, titled "Migrant Mother," was taken during the Great Depression. Now, read a quotation by Dorothea Lange about the photo from Years of Dust. I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. . . . I did not ask her name or history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, and birds that the children had killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it. How does the quotation relate to the photo?
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It tells a false story about the woman in the photo to persuade readers to take action.
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This photo, titled "Migrant Mother," was taken during the Great Depression. Which emotions does this photo appeal to?
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worry and concern
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Read the sidebar titled "A Champion for the Soil" from Years of Dust. "Of all the countries of the world," Hugh Bennett said, "we Americans have been the greatest destroyers of land of any race of people barbaric or civilized." Americans changed the land more than "the combined activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, tidal waves, tornadoes and all the excavations of mankind since the beginning of history." Bennett became the first chief of the Soil Conservation Service. "Big Hugh," the son of a North Carolina cotton planter, was a graduate of the University of North Carolina specializing in soil science. He once asked an unwilling congressional committee to expand the soil conservation program. As he spoke, a cloud of plains dust enveloped Washington. "This, gentleman," he said, "is what I have been talking about." The committee approved his request. Which image would best support this sidebar?
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a photo of Hugh Bennett speaking
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This photo was taken during the Great Depression. Which emotions does this photo appeal to?
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sorrow and sympathy
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This photo was taken during the Great Depression. Which statement best explains why this is a weak supporting image for Years of Dust?
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It does not show how the Dust Bowl changed people's lives.
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Mario is writing an argument supporting a proposed bike-helmet law. Mario includes a personal example explaining that he once had a bike accident and avoided serious injury because he was wearing a helmet. If Mario revises his argument, he should
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Incorrect Answer: remove the personal example because it weakens his argument. Correct Answer balance his personal example with well-researched, factual examples.
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What resource would provide the best evidence to support a written argument about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s achievements?
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library books discussing the life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
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When developing a counterclaim, you should
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Incorrect Answer: not make your counterclaim's evidence closely factual because you should not undermine your central argument. Incorrect Answer: supply personal evidence and experience as to why you disagree with the counterclaim.
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What is the correct sequence for developing a written argument?
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claim, reason, evidence, counterclaim and rebuttal, conclusion
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What is the first step in developing a written argument?
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Support your claim with logical evidence.
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Read the paragraph. When Edgewood Middle School adopted First Lady Michelle Obama's "Let's Move" program, nearly 20% of the students lost weight. ________ that "Let's Move" is an effective program. Which transition is the strongest in the final sentence?
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This proves
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When developing a written argument, what best explains why an author would use a graph as a source?
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A graph gives numeric evidence visually.
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Read the paragraph. The schoolwide food drive is an important program that helps the community and instills a sense of responsibility in students. Last year, students collected over 600 canned goods and gave them to the Neighborhood House food pantry, which serves some of the neediest families in our community. Furthermore, many students said that helping with the drive was the first volunteer program they had ever participated in. Finally, without the student council's support, the food drive will not be officially promoted within school and will likely languish. Therefore, it is imperative that the student council continue to encourage students to volunteer for this important program. What answer makes the best additional evidence to support the author's reason?
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A poll of one hundred students found that after participating in the food drive, seventy-three participants found the experience so rewarding that they sought out new volunteer opportunities.
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What best explains why a written argument without transitions might not work?
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Incorrect Answer: The relationship between ideas would lack the appropriate emphasis and logical flow.
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What transition would you most likely use when supporting a claim with evidence?
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Incorrect Answer: In other words
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Read the excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "The American Dream" speech. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness." Now read the excerpt from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address. We invite the negro citizens of Alabama to work with us from his separate racial station . . . as we will work with him . . . to develop, to grow in individual freedom and enrichment. The excerpts conflict because
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the first suggests that all are born with equal rights, while the second suggests that certain citizens need to be separated in order to become equal.
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Hector wrote a speech about segregation that appealed to emotion, and Emma wrote a speech about segregation that included metaphors. Based on this scenario, which speech is more effective?
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Hector's speech is more effective because it uses rhetoric.
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Read Governor George Wallace's statement. No government erected by man has that right. As Thomas Jefferson said, "The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time; no King holds the right of liberty in his hands." What makes this statement effective?
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It quotes another historical figure
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Read the excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "The American Dream" speech. It is a dream of a land where men of all races, of all nationalities and of all creeds can live together as brothers. Which statement from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address best serves as conflicting evidence to King's statement?
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Incorrect Answer: To realize our ambitions and to bring to fruition our dreams, we as Alabamians must take cognizance of the world about us.
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Read the statement from Dr. King's speech. Through our scientific genius we have made of this world a neighborhood . . . This statement is effective because it
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appeals to reason.
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Read the claim. Segregation allows for separate but equal status of people. Which sentence is a counterclaim?
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People cannot be equal if they are separated in public places.
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How does Martin Luther King Jr. support his claim that racial segregation is discriminatory and unjust?
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He quotes from the Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal.
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Read Goverrnor George Wallace's statement. and I say . . . segregation now . . . segregation tomorrow . . . segregation forever. What makes this statement effective?
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It includes the use of repetition.
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Read the two excerpts from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address. As Thomas Jefferson said, "The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time; no King holds the right of liberty in his hands." *** The great writer, Rudyard Kipling, wrote of them, that: "There in the Southland of the United States of America, lives the greatest fighting breed of man . . . in all the world!" What technique makes both excerpts effective?
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logos
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Read the two excerpts from Dr. King's speech. We must come to see that no individual can live alone: no nation can live alone. *** In a real sense, we must all learn to live together as brothers, or we will all perish together as fools. What technique makes both excerpts effective?
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an appeal to logic
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The title of "I, Too, Sing America" is an allusion to
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Walt Whitman's poem "I Hear America Singing."
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Read Walt Whitman's poem "I Hear America Singing." I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong, The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work, The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck, The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands, The wood-cutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the morning, or at noon intermission or at sundown. The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, The day what belongs to the day—at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs. Unlike Hughes in "I, Too, Sing America", Whitman avoids mentioning
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race.
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An allusion is a reference in a text to
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a previously mentioned person, event, or thing.
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Which describes the extended metaphor in the poem "I, Too, Sing America"?
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Eating in the kitchen is compared to racial segregation in America.
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Read the lines from Langston Hughes's poem "I, Too, Sing America." Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed— How do the lines advance a sense of cultural nationalism?
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They encourage African Americans to feel positive about themselves and their heritage.
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Read the lines from Langston Hughes's poem "I, Too, Sing America." Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. The lines promoted social change in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century because they spoke about
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Incorrect Answer: African Americans working as servants.
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Read the stanza from Langston Hughes's poem "I, Too, Sing America." I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. The metaphor that extends throughout the stanza is
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the darker brother in the kitchen.
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Which explains how Langston Hughes's "I, Too, Sing America" alludes to Walt Whitman's "I Hear America Singing"?
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Incorrect Answer: Hughes's poem uses Whitman's idea that people of all races should be included in American society.
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Read the stanza from Langston Hughes's poem "I, Too, Sing America." I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. The subject of the extended metaphor in the stanza is
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the speaker.
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By alluding to Whitman's poem in "I, Too, Sing America" Hughes was able to
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draw connections to US cultural heritage.
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Read this line from "The American Dream." America is essentially a dream, a dream as yet unfulfilled. Which word most strongly appeals to pathos?
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Incorrect Answer: "dream" Correct Answer: "unfulfilled"
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." One of the first things we notice in this dream is an amazing universalism. It does not say some men, but it says all men. It does not say all white men, but it says all men, which includes black men. It does not say all Gentiles, but it says all men, which includes Jews. It does not say all Protestants, but it says all men, which includes Catholics. Which phrase from the passage most strongly reflects an appeal to logos?
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Incorrect Answer: "an amazing universalism"
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." One of the first things we notice in this dream is an amazing universalism. It does not say some men, but it says all men. It does not say all white men, but it says all men, which includes black men. It does not say all Gentiles, but it says all men, which includes Jews. It does not say all Protestants, but it says all men, which includes Catholics. How does the use of rhythm contribute to the ideas in the passage?
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It supports key points by connecting them.
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." And there is another thing we see in this dream that ultimately distinguishes democracy and our form of government from all of the totalitarian regimes that emerge in history. It says that each individual has certain basic rights that are neither conferred by nor derived from the state. To discover where they came from it is necessary to move back behind the dim mist of eternity, for they are God-given. Very seldom if ever in the history of the world has a sociopolitical document expressed in such profoundly eloquent and unequivocal language the dignity and the worth of human personality. The American dream reminds us that every man is heir to the legacy of worthiness. Which phrase from the passage reflects an appeal to ethos?
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Incorrect Answer: "such profoundly eloquent and unequivocal language" Incorrect Answer: "every man is heir to the legacy of worthiness"
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The "umbrella statement" for all parts of an argument in a speech is called the
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claim.
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." And there is another thing we see in this dream that ultimately distinguishes democracy and our form of government from all of the totalitarian regimes that emerge in history. It says that each individual has certain basic rights that are neither conferred by nor derived from the state. To discover where they came from it is necessary to move back behind the dim mist of eternity, for they are God-given. Very seldom if ever in the history of the world has a sociopolitical document expressed in such profoundly eloquent and unequivocal language the dignity and the worth of human personality. The American dream reminds us that every man is heir to the legacy of worthiness. Which choice states the rhetorical appeal that the passage uses?
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Incorrect Answer: The passage appeals to logos. Incorrect Answer: The passage appeals to pathos.
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In "The American Dream," the speaker uses rhetorical argument to persuade listeners that
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Americans must join together as equals.
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A way to create rhythm in a speech is to use
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repeated words and phrases.
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." One of the first things we notice in this dream is an amazing universalism. It does not say some men, but it says all men. It does not say all white men, but it says all men, which includes black men. It does not say all Gentiles, but it says all men, which includes Jews. It does not say all Protestants, but it says all men, which includes Catholics. Which is the most likely reason that the speaker repeats the word "men" in the passage?
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Incorrect Answer: "Men" functions as a key point in the speaker's logical argument.
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." America is essentially a dream, a dream as yet unfulfilled. It is a dream of a land where men of all races, of all nationalities and of all creeds can live together as brothers. The substance of the dream is expressed in these sublime words, words lifted to cosmic proportions: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness." The sentence that includes the phrase "that all men are created equal" is an example of
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Incorrect Answer: a claim' Incorrect Answer: rhetoric.
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Read this line from "The American Dream." America is essentially a dream, a dream as yet unfulfilled. Which choice states the rhetorical appeal that the line uses?
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The line appeals to pathos.
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Rhetoric is defined as
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written or spoken words used to make a point.
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." One of the first things we notice in this dream is an amazing universalism. It does not say some men, but it says all men. It does not say all white men, but it says all men, which includes black men. It does not say all Gentiles, but it says all men, which includes Jews. It does not say all Protestants, but it says all men, which includes Catholics. Which statement explains how the sentence structure contributes to the passage?
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Incorrect Answer: Sentences are different lengths, which contributes to the rhythm of the passage.
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." It does not say all white men, but it says all men. . . . How does the second part of the sentence relate to the first part?
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It clarifies the first part.
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Read this passage from "The American Dream." One of the first things we notice in this dream is an amazing universalism. It does not say some men, but it says all men. It does not say all white men, but it says all men, which includes black men. It does not say all Gentiles, but it says all men, which includes Jews. It does not say all Protestants, but it says all men, which includes Catholics. How does the use of rhythm contribute to the ideas in the passage?
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It supports key points by connecting them.
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Read the paragraph. Global warming resulting from greenhouse gases is a serious issue that demands immediate action. Throughout the world, we can already see the significant effects of global warming on people and natural habitats. What would make the best conclusion?
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Incorrect Answer: More and more, our ice caps will melt and our weather will change, and only those of us who are insightful will take a stand.
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Kendra wants to implement Car-Free Saturday along a street called Parkway Ave in her neighborhood. She argues that this would help protect the large number of bicyclists who usually bike on the weekends. What would make the best reason for Kendra's argument?
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Incorrect Answer: We should close Parkway Street to all motorized vehicles.
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Read the paragraph. The city is proposing a long-overdue bike-helmet law that would make wearing a helmet mandatory for all cyclists. This law will help protect cyclists of all ages from potential injury. Many studies have shown that wearing a bike helmet can prevent serious injury and death. ________, a study in 2009 showed that 91 % of people who died in bike injuries were not wearing helmets. ________, a similar study in New York found that 74 % of bike crashes involved a head injury, and almost all cyclists who died, 97%, were not wearing a helmet. _______, some people claim that wearing a bike helmet is uncomfortable. Yet new helmets are lightweight and designed with air vents so you will not overheat while wearing one. In conclusion, a bike-helmet law would help make biking safer and, by extension, more enjoyable. Fill in the missing transitional words.
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For example, In addition, However
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What best explains why you should use transitions when writing an argument?
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Transitions help the reader understand how the ideas in the argument are connected.
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Read the paragraph again. The schoolwide food drive is an important program that helps the community and instills a sense of responsibility in students. Last year, students collected over 600 canned goods and gave them to the Neighborhood House food pantry, which serves some of the neediest families in our community. Furthermore, many students said that helping with the drive was the first volunteer program they had ever participated in. Finally, without the student council's support, the food drive will not be officially promoted within school and will likely languish. Therefore, it is imperative that the student council continue to encourage students to volunteer for this important program. What part of a good written argument is missing from the paragraph?
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counterclaim
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What is the best example of a situation that would benefit from a written argument?
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Proposing that your neighborhood increases the land set aside for parks.
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What resource would provide the best evidence to support a written argument about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s achievements?
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library books discussing the life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
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Why is the claim considered the umbrella of the argument?
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All of the other parts of the argument must fit under it.
