Nutrition study guide- copy – Flashcards
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Characteristic symptoms of celiac disease are:
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diarrhea and steatorrhea
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Hepatitis is usually the result of
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a viral infection or alcohol or drug abuse
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Treatment of hepatitis
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rest and optimal nutrition
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Pathological changes in the liver caused by cirrhosis includes?
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fatty infilltration
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An example of diet with moderate texture is
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liquid
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Lower esophageal sphincter muscle controls entry to
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the small intestine
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Viral hepatitis contracted through
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ingestion of contaminated water or food
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Major nutrition problem related to the development of ascities is
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protein deficiency
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Nutrition therapy for the patient with cirrhosis includes a diet with
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adequate calories low sodium soft textured
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What condition causes an increased protein catabolism
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Illness
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Most fatty pant foods are what?
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unsaturated
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What are the proteins that are directly absorbed into the portal blood circulation for use in the building of body tissue.
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Amino Acids
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What phase of metabolism makes growth and repair possible?
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Anabolism
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A mineral that occurs mostly in the extracellular fluid is
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Sodium
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A new food or advice about food is more readily accepted if it comes from a
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hairdresser
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The most healthy snack item would be?
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whole wheat crackers and hummus
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A factor that contributes to the increasing prevalence of obesity is?
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Expanding portion sizes at restaurants
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A factor that has the greatest influence on food habits is
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food availability
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A factor that has the least effect on food habits is
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health and nutrition
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An example of a vianda common to Puerto Rican food pattern is
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Plantains
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According to Jewish food laws, an example of foods that must not be eaten together would be
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hamburger and cheese
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An effect method for weight reduction includes
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behavior modification
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Surgical techniques used for wt. reduction are:
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associated with significant risks
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Most important key to a successful wt. loss program is?
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personal motivation
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Food behavior of value in wt. reduction program includes
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Choosing small portions
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Problems associated with bulimia nervosa includes
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erosion of dental enamel
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The fuel source for short term energy needs is
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Glycogen
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To prepare for an athletic event of high endurance, the proper glycogen loading process
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Gradual tapering of workouts and increasing carbs intake.
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Water formed from metabolism comes from
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oxidation of nutrients
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For osmosis to occur there must be a
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Semi- permeable membrane
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A good source of iron during pregnancy would be
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lean ground beef
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An acceptable ending pregnancy wt. for a normal wt. woman whose pre-pregnancy wt. 125 lb
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150-160 lbs.
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It may be advisable for an older adult to take vitamin or mineral supplements if
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he or she has been ill
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Congregate meals are most often served
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at a senior center
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Diabetes is an example of a chronic disease most often appears during
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Middle adult
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Congregate meals for seniors are
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noon meals
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Factors that commonly contribute to malnutrition in older adults includes
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loss of teeth or poorly fitted dentures
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Dehydration is more common in older adults than in younger adults because
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thirst mechanism diminishes
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Biological processes associated with aging may cause
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An increase ratio of adipose to muscle tissue
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Physiologic problems of older adults include
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decreased thirst and taste sensations
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Contributing factors for osteoporosis includes
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inadequate calcium and Vitamin D intake
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John a 34 year old man is
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A young adult
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Most common cause of anemia during pregnancy is
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Iron deficiency
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Best source of Folate is
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deep green vegetables
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Total weight gain during the first trimester is
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2 to 4 lbs.
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The condition of severe, prolonged, and persistent vomiting during pregnancy is
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hyperemesis gravidarum
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Appropriate snack for a pregnant woman with morning sickness is
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whole wheat toast with a small amount of butter and a small piece of fruit.
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3 to 4 cups of milk a day, during pregnancy is a good source of
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Vitamin D
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Intake of Vitamin C should go up during pregnancy because.
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It is an important factor in tissue growth
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Bile contains
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emulsifiers
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The body's source of stored energy includes
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adipose tissue
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The total number of kilocal in a snack that contains 10g Carbs, 2g protein, and 5g of fat Carbs= 4g protein= 4g Fat= 9g
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10g (4) + 2g (4) + 5g (9) = 93 kcal
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For a compound to be classified as a vitamin
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it has to perform a vital function
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An example of a gastric secretion is
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hydrocloric acid
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Important function of Vitamin A is
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to help form rhodopsin in the eye
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When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure the result can be
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Weight gain
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A good source of Vitamin D is
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Fish liver oils
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Nutrient Density means
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Concentration of nutrients in a given amount of food
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The liver and muscles store enough glycogen to last
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12-48 hours
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Liver is a rich source of
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Vitamin A
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phytochemical act as
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antioxidants and hormones
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A woman getting pregnant, makes healthy eating choices by eating foods that contains folate, can help to prevent what?
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neural tube defects
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Sunflower oil is a rich source of
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin E protects membranes, because is acts as what type of barrier
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an Antioxidant
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An alcoholic is most likely deficient in
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thiamin
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The vitamin destroyed by light is
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riboflavin
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The most important source of riboflavin is
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milk
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The disease associated with niacin deficiency is
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pellagra
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A good food source of niacin is
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beef
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The best food source of folic acid is
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broccoli
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A folic acid deficiency induces a form of anemia called
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megaloblastic anemia
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The B vitamin predominately found in foods of animal origin is
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Cobalamin
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A 62 year old woman who smokes 1 pack a day, minimal intake of vitamin C is at risk for
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easy bruising and pinpoint hemorraging
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Sudden shut down of kidney function as the result of traumatic injury is called
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Acute kidney failure
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What type of foods are rich in beta-carotene?
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Dark orange and green Carrots and spinach
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What are Ricketts
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Deficit of Vitamin D
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A mineral that occurs mostly in the extracellular fluid is
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sodium
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A shared function of plasma proteins, glucose, electrolytes, and sodium is
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balance of water between body compartments
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An ion that possesses a negative charge is
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an anion
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Ways in which water and solutes move across membranes includes
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diffusion and filltration
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The kidneys (launder) the blood by
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filtration
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The body's state of relative dynamic equilibrium within the body's internal environment is called
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homeostasis
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The fluid surrounding tissues outside of the cells is called
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Interstitial fluid
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The major electrolyte found guarding the water outside of the cells is called
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sodium
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Water leaves the body mainly through the
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kidneys
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Absorption of particles in solution from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is accomplished by
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Active transport
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Body performance is adversely affected, when the body's wt. decreases by
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3%
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The hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb water is
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Antidiuretic horomone
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The acid-base buffer system is mainly controlled by the
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lungs and kidneys
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A pregnant woman should consume enough energy to
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spare protein for extra tissue building
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Iron needs to be increased during pregnancy because of
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increased maternal blood volume
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Recommendations for a pregnant woman with morning sickness includes eating
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liquids between meals, not with meals
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A pregnancy is considered high risk if the mother is
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16 years old
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In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, the National Standards recommends an increase in kcal intake of
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340 and 450 kcals/day
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Compared with non-pregnant women the amount of extra protein needed by pregnant women is about
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25g/day
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Iron absorption is enhanced by consuming foods containing
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Vitamin C
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An important source of folate is
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oranges
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most of the wt. gained during pregnancy is contributed by the
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maternal stores
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The woman requiring the most wt. gain during pregnancy would be
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a women carrying twins
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Pregnant teens who have a low wt gain by 20 weeks gestation may be at most risk for
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intrauterine growth failure
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Calories needs during lactation are increased above normal needs by about
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330 and 400 kcal/day
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Hormone that stimulates milk production during lactation is
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prolactin
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Nutritional therapy for gallbladder disorders includes
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low fat intake
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A major difficulty in treating hepatitis is that
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the person usually has a poor appetite
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Inflammation of the tongue is called
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glossitis
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The term used to describe difficulty in swallowing is
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dysphagia
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An example of a meal that may cause an increase in symptoms for a pt with peptic ulcer disease is
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chicken curry
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Dryness of the mouth from lack of normal secretions is called
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xerostomia
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for athletes, a pre-game meal may consist of
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spaghetti and tomato, bread, and juice
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good source of calcium is
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yogurt
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Important function of sodium is
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water balance
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High potassium intake
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lower blood pressure
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Hemoglobin formation is
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Iron
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Thyroid stimulating hormone controls uptake of
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Iodine
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Major minerals are required by the body in units of more than
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100mg/day
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Mineral essential for the formation of fibrin to cause blood clots is
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calcium
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Mineral necessary for the controlled oxidation of carbs, fats, and protein in producing and storing available energy for the body is
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Phosphorus
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Major electrolyte found inside of cells is
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Potassium
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Mineral that is a catalyst for many reactions in cells that produces energy is
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Magnesium
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Meat is a great dietary source of
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zinc
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Energy is stored as
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glycogen
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Energy expenditure exceeds energy intake causes
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wt. loss
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what food has the highest energy value
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bacon
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Active form of vitamin D is
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calcitrol
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A woman on a vegan diet is at risk for
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B12 deficiency
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Vitamins regulates the body metabolism by working as a
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specific catalysts
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the vitamin closely associated with protein metabolism is
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pyridoxine
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Athlete increases pasta intake needs for more of
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thiamin
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the number of amino acids that are indispensable for humans are
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9
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An apple contains what type of soluble dietary fiber called
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pectin
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Carbs are stored as glycogen where?
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liver and muscles
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A progressive increase in serum urea levels occurs in
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chronic renal failure
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Bone disease called osteodystrophy is associated with
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chronic renal failure
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During the initial stage of treatment of a severe burn a pt is encouraged to
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drink water daily
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Pt. who is treated with antibiotics may have a decreased synthesis of
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vitamin K
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Ordinarily the cell operates in an orderly fashion under the influence of the
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genetic code
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Cancer therapy that uses radioactive isotopes is
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radiation
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Side effects of protrease inhibitors
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hyperglycemia
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the inflammation of the oral mucosa
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mucositis
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pt. undergoing treatment for cancer, has not felt like eating all day and complains of discomfort and pain, what does the nurse do?
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assess pain and discomfort, and provide pain relief measures
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To counteract the hypermetabolic state of Cancer, is important to
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increase the intake of kilocals
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The major systemic effect of cancer is
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Nitogen balance
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Mastication is an important part of digestion because it
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prepares the food for digestion by enzymes
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Ph is lower in the small intestine than in the
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stomach
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Enzymes that act on proteins
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peptidases
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The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release secretions is
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secretin
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Fat molecules enter the bloodstream through the
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lymph vessels
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Transports blood from the intestine to the liver is called
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portal circulation
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The primary function of inlet (not sure if spelled right)
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absorption of water
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