Nutrition Midterm- Ch. 1 – Flashcards
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Farah is viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness. Her food choice will most likely be based on ____. a. ​preferences b. ​emotional comfort c. ​positive association d. ​regional cuisines e. ​functional value
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b. ​emotional comfort
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How many vitamins are known to be required in the diet of human beings?​ a. ​10 b. ​13 c. ​17 d. ​8 e. 5​
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b. ​13
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Which nutrient is an organic compound?​ a. ​water b. ​salt c. iron​ d. ​calcium e. ​vitamin C
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e. ​vitamin C
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What is the study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients?​ a. ​genetic metabolomics b. ​biogenetic nutrition c. ​nutritional genomics d. ​genetic counseling e. ​nutritional genetics
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c. ​nutritional genomics
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What is the best method for detecting malnutrition? a. Take a health history during the physical examination. b. Focus on long-term anthropometric measurements. c. Review diet and health histories at every checkup. d. Use a combination of all four nutrition assessment methods. e. Rely on laboratory tests rather than on health or diet histories.
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d. Use a combination of all four nutrition assessment methods.
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How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (liter) of water 1°C? a. ​100 calories b. ​10 kilocalories c. ​10 calories d. ​1 kilocalorie e. ​100 kilocalories
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d. ​1 kilocalorie
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Nutrient recommendations ________ . a. encourage the use of supplements to meet dietary goals b. are not minimum requirements, and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals c. are based on the daily caloric intake of the individual d. are standardized to apply to all members of the population e. should be followed strictly by all individuals.
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b. are not minimum requirements, and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals
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Which statement is accurate with regard to risk factors for disease? a. Risk factors tend to go dissipate over the course of a lifetime. b. Multiple risk factors are no different than a single risk factor in the process of disease development. c. A strong association between a risk factor and a disease indicates an increase in the likelihood of developing a disease. d. The absence of a risk factor guarantees that a person will never develop the disease. e. A risk factor indicates the eventual onset of a disease.
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c. A strong association between a risk factor and a disease indicates an increase in the likelihood of developing a disease.
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An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a ____.​ a. ​randomization effect b. ​positive correlation c. placebo effect d. ​variable effect e. ​negative correlation
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e. ​negative correlation
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The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is known as the​ a. ​Tolerable Upper Intake Level. b. ​Adequate Intake. c. ​Recommended Dietary Allowance. d. ​Daily Recommended Value. e. Necessary and Sufficient Intake​
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c. ​Recommended Dietary Allowance.
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What aspect of a nutritionist's training honors individual preferences and is particularly important for professionals who help others plan healthy diets?? a. experimental research b. cultural competence c. rotations d. lab work in physiology e. communications
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b. cultural competence
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Which study is most likely to use a cohort research design? a. Interviewing randomly chosen individuals about their current eating habits and physical activity b. Tracking a group of individuals who eat low-fat diets every six months over a two-year time frame c. Surveying a group of individuals who take vitamin C at the end of one week d. Comparing of two group of individuals, one with diabetes and one without e. Running laboratory experiments on a groups of cells
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b. Tracking a group of individuals who eat low-fat diets every six months over a two-year time frame
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Which substance is found in the largest amount in both food products and human beings? a. minerals b. carbohydrates c. vitamins d. water e. protein
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d. water
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Aretha's health history indicates that she may be anemic because she is excreting too much iron. What type of deficiency does this suggest? a. secondary deficiency b. overt deficiency c. subclinical deficiency d. primary deficiency e. energy deficiency
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a. secondary deficiency
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In a recent nutritional assessment, ten-year-old Gabby shows higher than average weight and height measurements in comparison to others in her age and gender group. What type of assessment provided these results? a. anthropometric data b. diet analysis c. laboratory tests d. physical examination e. historical information
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a. anthropometric data
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A person eats 8 grams of protein, 25 grams of carbohydrates, 6 grams of fat and 4 grams of alcohol. What is the total energy value (in calories) from these stated amounts? a. 204 kCalories b. 254 kCalories c. 244 kCalories d. 214 kCalories e. 224 kCalories
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d. 214 kCalories
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Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used to ____.​ a. ​measure nutrient balance of population groups b. ​assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals c. ​calculate exact food requirements for most individuals d. ​treat persons with diet-related illnesses e. ​recommend amounts of nutrients when there is insufficient evidence to determine the EAR
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b. ​assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals
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What is the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and gender group? a. BMR b. EAR c. AI d. AMDR e. UL
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b. EAR
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Aretha's blood and urine tests at a recent checkup show that her levels of iron are low. She is surprised by the results, because she doesn't have any of the symptoms associated with low iron, such as fatigue and headaches. Why type of deficiency does this suggest? a. functional b. primary c. secondary d. abnormal e. subclinical
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e. subclinical
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The RDA is most useful for which group? a. schoolchildren b. groups known to have high levels of malnutrition c. cancer patients d. individuals e. military personnel
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d. individuals
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Recommended Dietary Allowances are based on the ____.​ a. ​Subclinical Deficiency Value b. ​Estimated Average Requirement c. ​Upper Tolerable Limit d. ​Lower Tolerable Limit e. ​Adequate Intake
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b. ​Estimated Average Requirement
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What recommendation specifies the point at which a nutrient is likely to become toxic? a. BMR b. AMDR c. RDA d. EL e. UL
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e. UL
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An essential nutrient is one that ____.​ a. ​must be made in large quantities by the body b. ​is used to synthesize other compounds in the body c. ​cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body d. must be both consumed and synthesized to be complete​ e. ​can only by synthesized by the body
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c. ​cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body
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A group of people consumes an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement for their population group. What percentage of people will receive insufficient amounts?​​ a. ​40 b. ​25 c. ​50 d. ​33 e. ​10
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c. ​50
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Who would be the most appropriate person to consult for nutrition information?​ a. ​chiropractor b. ​medical doctor c. nutrition consultant​ d. ​health food store manager e. ​registered dietitian
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e. ​registered dietitian
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Which class of nutrients does NOT contain carbon? a. minerals b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. vitamins e. lipids
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a. minerals
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Which sequence of stages is most typical in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from inadequate intake?​ a. ​Declining nutrient stores, overt signs, and abnormal functions within the body b. ​Abnormal functions within the body, overt signs, and declining nutrient stores c. ​Abnormal functions within the body, declining nutrient stores, and overt signs d. ​Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs e. Overt signs, abnormal functions, and declining nutrient stores​
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d. ​Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt sign
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Which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?​ a. ​water b. ​water-soluble vitamins c. ​fat-soluble vitamins d. ​proteins e. ​minerals
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d. ​proteins
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While reading a research article, you note a phrase that states that "individuals who exercise more will lose weight easier." How would you categorize this statement? a. cohort analysis b. experiment c. data collection d. hypothesis e. conclusion
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d. hypothesis
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The overall objective of the Healthy People program is to ____.​ a. ​identify leading causes of death in the United States b. ​decrease health care costs c. ​set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years d. ​establish the DRI e. identify national trends in food consumption​
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c. ​set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years
