question

Anyone who eats a meal high in salt can temporarily increase his or her body's water content.

answer

true

question

After about 25 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density.

answer

false

question

A deficiency of sodium is not harmful.

answer

false

question

Low salt intakes have been linked with lower rates of stomach cancer.

answer

true

question

The bioavailability of calcium in calcium-fortified orange juice is comparable to that of milk.

answer

true

question

The body will signal thirst before dehydration occurs to prevent problems with fluid loss.

answer

false

question

Soft water contains sodium, which may aggravate hypertension.

answer

true

question

Some minerals act as buffers to help maintain body fluids at the correct pH to permit life's processes.

answer

true

question

The main source of iodine in the U.S. is plants grown in the middle part of the country.

answer

false (less iodine in the soil)

question

The primary role of fluoride is to prevent dental caries throughout life

answer

true, not a necessary nutrient

question

Women in their reproductive years are likely to carry more intra-abdominal fat than are women past menopause.

answer

false

question

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise.

answer

true

question

Eating certain foods can elevate the basal metabolic rate, and thus promote weight loss.

answer

false

question

For someone with at least one obese parent, the chance of becoming obese is estimated to be between 30 and 70 percent.

answer

true

question

Taller people need proportionately more energy than shorter people to balance their energy budgets.

answer

true

question

Physical inactivity alone does not cause obesity.

answer

false

question

The BMI is very valuable in helping muscular athletes determine their health risks.

answer

false

question

No single body composition or weight suits everyone; needs vary by gender, lifestyle, and stage of life.

answer

true

question

Leptin is a hormone produced by the body to stimulate the appetite and encourage eating.

answer

false

question

The set-point theory states that the body's regulatory controls will maintain body weight over time and resist efforts to lose weight by dieting.

answer

true

question

People who regularly engage in physical activity live longer on average than those who are physically inactive.

answer

true

question

By strengthening the muscles of the back and abdomen, resistance training can improve posture.

answer

true

question

Iron-deficiency anemia impairs physical performance because iron helps deliver the muscles' glucose.

answer

false

question

Active people do not need extra fluid in cold weather.

answer

false

question

Active people do not need extra fluid in cold weather.

answer

false

question

Muscle hypertrophy is an increase in size in response to use.

answer

true

question

The body is able to store unlimited amounts of glycogen in muscles.

answer

false

question

Taking vitamin or mineral supplements just before competition will help to improve performance.

answer

false

question

An athlete should weigh herself before and after her workout to determine how much fluid she should replace.

answer

true

question

What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity?

answer

moderate

question

Chronic diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

answer

false

question

Degenerative conditions are also referred to as chronic diseases.

answer

true

question

Dietary supplements can trigger extra immune power to fend off dangerous infections in well-fed people.

answer

false

question

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably.

answer

true

question

Just as a virus causes influenza, a risk factor causes a chronic disease.

answer

false

question

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease.

answer

true

question

Metabolic syndrome, with its cluster of factors, raises the risk of CVD.

answer

true

question

Constituents in foods may be cancer causing, cancer promoting, or protective against cancer.

answer

true

question

Excess calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat all raise cancer rates.

answer

true

question

Obesity is a risk factor for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

answer

true

question

All varieties of sushi are made from raw fish.

answer

false

question

Numerous health organizations have concluded that irradiation of food is safe and can improve food safety in the United States and the world.

answer

true

question

Properly irradiated food does not become radioactive.

answer

true

question

BHT protects fruits and vegetables from browning caused by exposure to oxygen.

answer

true

question

Food additives used in the U.S. are strictly controlled and pose little cause for concern.

answer

true

question

Current evidence indicates that moderate intakes of nonnutritive sweeteners pose no health risks.

answer

true

question

Incidental food additives sometimes find their way into foods, and adverse effects are common.

answer

false

question

Water-soluble vitamins are affected by canning.

answer

true

question

Raw produce does not pose a threat for foodborne illness because it is low in protein content.

answer

false

question

Salmonella bacteria from a hen may enter the egg she lays as well as contaminate its shell.

answer

true

question

A low-birthweight baby is nearly 40 times more likely to die in the first year of life than is a normal-weight baby.

answer

true

question

A low-birth weight baby is defined as one who weighs less than 5 1/2 pounds.

answer

true

question

During pregnancy, the recommended carbohydrate intake is less than 175 grams per day.

answer

false

question

Folate fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year.

answer

true

question

The DRI recommendation for calcium intake is higher for pregnant than non-pregnant women in the same age group.

answer

false

question

For normal-weight women, the ideal pattern of weight gain during the first trimester is one pound per week.

answer

false

question

Physical activity during pregnancy can improve fitness, facilitate labor, and reduce psychological stress.

answer

true

question

The energy nutrient composition of breast milk is much different from that of a healthful adult diet: it is much lower in protein but higher in fat.

answer

true

question

Alcohol crosses the placenta and is directly toxic to the fetus.

answer

true

question

An infant's basal metabolic rate is only half that of an adult, based on body weight.

answer

false

question

warning symptoms of botulism

answer

difficulty breathing difficulty swallowing double vision weak muscles

question

hazard anaylsis critical control point

answer

all food producers have a plan to limit contaminations of food

question

ideal conditions for bacteria

answer

nutrients, moisture, warmth (40-140 degree Fahrenheit)

question

four practices to defeat bacteria

answer

clean, separate, cook, chill

question

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

answer

disease in meats that causes fatal brain disorder

question

honey

answer

clostridium botulinum spores that affect infants

question

irridation

answer

application of ionizing radiation to foods to reduce insect infestation or microbial contamination or to slow the ripening or sprouting process

question

solanine

answer

greek toxin in potatoes

question

growth hormone

answer

increase lean tissue growth, milk production, reduce feed requirements

question

arsinic

answer

in pourtyl, rice, fish, offs, milk, drinking water

question

methylmercury

answer

poisoning in food that can cause blindness, deafness, and retardation

question

gras list

answer

for food additives

question

salt and sugar

answer

overused as additives to prevent bacterial growth by withdrawing water from food

question

nitrate

answer

additive in meats to preserve color and prevent acidity, safety issues in colon cancer

question

sulfite

answer

additive to preserve, severe allergies, not in raw foods, decrease thiamine in foods

question

aspartame

answer

link with insulin resistance, pku

question

monosodium gluamate

answer

used in restaurants, banned in infants bc brain cells, protective against cancer, msg system complex in those that are sensitive

question

fat replacers

answer

add Taste, texture, and cooking with fewer or no calories

question

olestera

answer

fat non nutritive that takes away vitamins so fortified with it

question

obese women are likely to suffer from gestational diabetes, hypertension, and complications during and infections after birth

answer

true

question

women requires ... carloeis using second trimester and extra ... calories during third

answer

340, 450

question

protein is higher ... dri for pregnant

answer

25 grams

question

folate amounts in pregnancy

answer

400-600 mpg so enough RBC

question

choline in pregnancy

answer

vital for structural integrity of cell membranes, synthesis of important NT, metabolism of lipids. needed to close neural tube and for development of brain and spinal cord. in eggs, milk, legumes, meats

question

build the skeleton during pregnancy

answer

vitamin d, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium

question

iron in pregnancy

answer

increase blood volume and provide for placental and fetal needs. increase abosportion and tease menurstration. should chose heme iron, additional iron sources, and enhance vitamin c to enhance absorption

question

zinc during pregnancy

answer

vital for protein synthesis and cell development.

question

wanted weight gain in pregnancy

answer

3.5 pounds in frist, 1 pound per week in others

question

smoking during pregnancy

answer

damage fetal dan, restrict blood supply, limit oxygen and removal of waste, slows growth reduce brain size, improper development skids low birthweight

question

listeriosis

answer

bad food poisoning in women thet can be deadly

question

preeclempsia

answer

HTN and protein in urine, can lead to mother and fetal death and seizures

question

lactacting

answer

spends 500 calories, eat an extra 330. drink lots of lid

question

breast milk provides all nutrients a healthy infant needs for six months except for

answer

vitamin d

question

great milk contains a generous proportion of essential fatty acids lanolin acid and linolenic acid as well asarachiodonic and ha.

answer

true

question

protein in breast milk

answer

alpha-lactalbumin

question

vitamin d in infants

answer

cause rickets deficiency. sunlight exposure

question

infant supplements

answer

viamon d, iron, and fluoride

question

coloustrum

answer

antibodies in breastmilk

question

iron in abbies

answer

4-6 months need from greater formulas. iron refortified cerairles, then protein foods likee meat and eggs, contribute iron but bioavailability poor. serve vitamin c to advance absorption

question

zinc in babies

answer

less in breast milk, rely on complementary foods like protein foods

question

look up minerals

answer

u fool

question

glucose and fiber needs of 1 year old

answer

falls in adult range because of size of brain

question

fat recommendations of children

answer

1-3 is 20-40, 4-18 is 25-35

question

vitamin d in children

answer

15 mpg, to maximize calcium absorption, ensure none growth

question

iron in children

answer

7-10 mg per day. lean meats, eggs, legumes, whole grains. deficiencies lead to behavior and inteleecultal dampening,

question

lead poisoning

answer

decreased bone and muscle growth, near damage, kidney malfunction, hearing impraitment, speech and language difficulty, developmental delay. absorbed more if lac iron, calcium, and zinc

question

Hunger results primarily from food poverty

answer

true

question

Federal programs to relieve hunger are crucial to many people, even if not fully successful in preventing hunger.

answer

true

question

SNAP debit cards cannot be used to purchase foods of low nutrient density such as chocolate doughnuts.

answer

false

question

Natural causes of famine have become more important in recent years than political or social causes.

answer

false

question

There is a strong, credible body of evidence documenting that the earth is warming and that this is largely due to human activities

answer

true

question

By 2050, one billion additional tons of grains will be needed to feed the world's population.

answer

true

question

Poverty is associated with a high human birth rate.

answer

true

question

Energy Star products rank in the top 1% for energy efficiency.

answer

false

question

Poverty drives people to restrict the number of children they have.

answer

false

question

In countries with high malnutrition rates, both personal and national economies decline as productivity ceases

answer

true

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