Nursing Implications Antibiotics – Flashcards
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Sulfonamides- (Bactrim) treat what?
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Urinary tract infections, bronchitis, respiratory infections, acute otitis media, and HIV infections
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With sulfonamides (Bactrim) what do you assess?
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allergy to sulfa or thiazide diuretics pregnancy, infant younger than 2 months, COX-2 allergy, and glucose deficiency
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why do you performa skin assess during therapy of Bactrim?
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To check for the adverse effect of steven johnsons
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with pennicillins why do you assess potassium and sodium levels?
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Bc of the high concentrations in certain preparations of pennicillins.
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what are some side effects of Bactrim
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rash, fever, steven johnsons, photosensitivity, crystalluria, and nausea/vomit
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What is nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) used for?
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acute or chronic UTI, watch for GI and skin reactions
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what are the three Penicillin beta lactamase inhibitor combos?
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ampicillin/sulbactam (unasyn) amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (augmentin) piperacillin/tazobactam (zosyn)
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Name a natural penicillin and what it is used for?
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penicillin G ( Wycellin) is given IM for syphillis
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Name a penicillinase resistant penicillin?
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Nafcillin Sodium (unipen) used for methicillin susceptible Staph. aureus
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Name a Aminopencicillins
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Amoxicillin (amoxil) treats gram positive and gram negative you may give with/without food treats bacterial infections in ENT, GU, skin, & soft tissue
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What type of bacteria is extended spectrum PCN Piperacillin used for?
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very effective in gram - Pseudomonas proteus e. coli
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Why do pt. receive Probenecid (Benemid) with their PCN?
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to increase serum drug levels and delay their excretion
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Cephalexen (Keflex)
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1st generation very good for gram positive limited for gram negative
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Ceferoxime (Zinacef)
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More active for gram negative than cephalexen but less than ceftriaxone 2nd generation
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Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
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3rd generation, most potent for gram negative, special: passes through blood/brain barrier easily good for meningits
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why wouldn't you give ceftriaxone?
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if a patient has liver problems, you will not give calcium infusion
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What is cefipine (maxipime) given for?
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UTIs, skin structure and infections, pneumonia 4th generation drug
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What is a 5th generation cephalosporins?
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Cefaroline (teflaro) treats skin infections, and community acquired pneumonia
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What makes cefaroline (teflaro) special?
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it is the only cephalosporin that can treat MRSA.
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what is the function of a sulfonamide?
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to stop the growth of bacteria by preventing synthesis of folic acid.
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what is axtreonam (Azactam)
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a monobactam active against aerobic gram negative bacteria, E. coli, Klebsilla spp. and Pseudomonas spp. treats severe systemic infections and UTIs.
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what adverse effect should be monitored when a patient is on Primaxin?
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seizures
