Nursing Ethical Principles – Flashcards
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Principles or habits with respect to right or wrong conduct, how things work according to an individuals ideals and principles. These are personal principles.
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Morals
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The rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group, culture etc. It defines how things are according to the rules of the group. These are external standards.
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Ethics
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Address the moral situations that are specific to the nursing profession and patient care.
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Nursing ethics
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Based on society's ethics, laws are created and enforced by government to mediate in our relationships with each other.
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Laws
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When the nurse is unsure which moral principle to apply, has strong feeling something is not right.
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Moral uncertainity
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When the individual knows the right thing to do but organizational constraints prevent them from pursuing the correct course of action.
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Moral distress
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An individual witness an immoral act by another but feels powerless to stop it
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Moral outrage
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Occurs when two or more clear principles apply but they support inconsistent courses of action.
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Moral/ethical dilemma
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There may be competing moral claims or principles, although one claim is clearly dominant.
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Moral problems
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Focuses on the ends or consequences of actions- the action that maximizes good over bad is always the correct one
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Teleologic Theory/Consequentialism/Utiliarianism
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Argues that ethical standards or principles exist independently of the ends or consequences
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Deontologic (duty based)/Formalist theory
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Most good, least harm
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Utiliarian
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Protects the rights of individuals and respects the moral rights of those affected, pt has right to make own decision
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Rights based framework
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duty to do or refrain from doing something
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Duty Based
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Best for community/society, decision should be made on what is good for the community as a whole not individual
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Common good framework
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Actions consistent with certain ideal virtues (honesty, courage, compassion etc).
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Virtue
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Pt has the right to make decisions for themselves, the framework for this is rights based.
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Autonomy
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Duty to do good
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Beneficence
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Duty to not cause harm/prevent harm/remove harm, more legally binding than beneficence
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Non-meleficence
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Keep privileged information private
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Confidentiality
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Some actions can be morally justified even though consequences may be a mixture of good and evil
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Double effect
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Duty to be faithful to one's commitments
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Fidelity
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Seeks fairness, like cases should be treated alike
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Justice
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Occurs when an individual assumes the right to make decisions for another, can occur when an individual no longer has the mental capacity to make informed decisions or is under 18
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Paternilism
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Promotes ability of individuals to make autonomous choices
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Respect for others
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Refers to a quality of holiness that inheres in human life due to its being created in the image and likeness of God, Imago Dei. Either through not wanting to end human race (inviolability) or implying human life should be treated with reference.
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Sanctity of life
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The principle that one should tell the truth, based on respect for others.
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Veracity
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Is a guide for action based on social values and needs, nursing must give respect for human rights, guides everyday choices, and allows for refusal of activities.
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ICN code of ethics
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Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and alleviate suffering
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What are the 4 fundamental responsibilities of nursing?
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Applies to all nurses in all healthcare settings, they set standards of conduct and behaviors for nurses,
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ANA code of ethics
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Describe fundamental values and commitment of the nurse
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ANA code of ethics 1-3
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Address boundaries of duty and loyalty
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ANA code of ethics 4-6
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Address aspects of duties beyond patient encounters
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ANA code of ethics 7-9
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Primary commitment is to patient, demonstrate compassion/respect to all, promote health/welfare, accountable for individual practice, maintain knowledge, works to improve healthcare environment, collaborates with other professionals, maintain integrity of profession.
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What are the key points for ANA code of ethics?
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Be aware, be aware of feelings and behaviors, be observant of behavior of others, always act in the best interest of the client.
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What are the nurses challenge according to NCSBN?
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The core underlying value is patient autonomy, it is a process not just a paper, nurses role is make sure the patient understands everything,
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Informed consent
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These are legal documents that specify an individuals wishes before hospitalization, and provide guidance to health care workers in regards to decision making
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Advance directives
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One person identifies another to make health care decisions in the event that they are incapacitated
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Durable power of attorney
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A person receives any care that eases pain and suffering, but no resuscitative measures to save or sustain life.
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DNRCC order
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A person receives standard medical care until the time he or she experiences a cardiac or respiratory arrest.
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DNRCC arrest order
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A condition facing a person that involves complex and often conflicting principles of ethical behavior; those in nursing include confidentiality, restraints, trust, refusing care, and end of life concerns
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Ethical dilemma
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Providing clinical ethics consultation, developing/revising policies pertaining to clinical ethics and hospital policy, facilitating education about topical issues in clinical ethics.
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What is the role of ethics committees?
