Neurology Quiz 1 Review – Flashcards
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afferent system
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also known as sensory system that sends information to the CNS
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efferent system
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also known as the motor system that sends motor information away from the spinal cord towards muscles, glands, and skin
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somatic afferents
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arise in the skin, joints, tendons, muscles, ligaments, and organs of the the special senses
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visceral afferents
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sensory part of the autonomic nervous system, sensory information arising from the viscera (chemical changes, pressure, stretch, and pain)
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somatic efferent system
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motor neurons to the body wall structures, in particular the skeletal muscles.
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visceral efferent system
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motor part of the autonomic nervous system that sends motor information through motor neurons to the viscera
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parasympathetic system
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rest and repair; rest and digest (salivation, tearing)
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sympathetic system
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fight or flight
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CNS
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brain and spinal cord
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PNS
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31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of crainal nerves, and the nerves of the ANS; afferent system, efferent system
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nerve
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functional unit of the nervous system, transmits electrochemical impulses, delicate, do not divide
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GSA
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sensory impulses from the skin, joints and muscles toward the CNS
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GSE
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motor impulses from CNS to an effector (muscle or gland)
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GVA
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sensory impulses from the viscera and blood vessels to the CNS
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GVE
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motor impulses away from CNS to the viscera and blood vessels
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cell body
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metabolic center of the neuron, contains organelles
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dendrite
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receiving portion of the neuron, short branches, contain cytoplasm and all organelles except the nucleus
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axon
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longest part of the neuron, sends never impulses
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myelin sheath
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lipid and protein covering, insulates the axon causing a faster nerve impulse
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resting potential
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40mv to -90mv - mall buildup of negative charges inside the cell membrane of a neuron along with build-up of positive charges outside the cell membrane (inside is negative)
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repolarization
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downward swing of the action potential. once the ICF become +30mv NA+ gates close and K+ gates open causing K+ to move out of the ICF into the ECF. This makes the ICF negative again.
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Action potential
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nerve impulse - sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease, eventually reverses the membrane potential and then restores it to the normal RMP
