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Prior to the 1960's most counseling took place in

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dyadic relationships

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A group has

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a membership that can be defined, unity and interaction and a shared purpose

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The term "group therapy" was coined in 1931 by

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Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama

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In the 1940s the two organizations for group therapy were created:

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the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama and the American Group Psychotherapy Association

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Which theorists work has been classified as a preface to the group movement

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Adler

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Primary groups are

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preventative and attempt to ward off problems

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A group is classified as secondary. This implies that

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a difficulty or disturbance is present

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When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group

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the tertiary is more likely to deal with severe pathology

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Group Norms

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govern acceptable behavior and group rules

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Group therapy initially flourisehd in the United States due to

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a shortage of individual therapists during WWII

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Group content refers to material discussed in a group setting. Group process refers to

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the manner in which discussions an dtransactions occur

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Group cohesiveness refers to

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forces which tend to bind group members together

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Some theorists feel that group therapy differs from group counseling (which is also called an interpersonal problem solving group) in that

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group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration.

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Most experts would agree that overall

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structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques

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One advantage of group work is that a counselor can see more clients in a given period of time. One disadvantage is that a counselor can be too focused on group processes and

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thus individual issues are not properly examined

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According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will

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be less conservative than the average group members decision, prior to the group discussion

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T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in an effective manner. the T in T-groups merely stands for

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Training

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A counselor suggests that her client join an assertiveness training group. Most assertiveness training groups are

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behavioristic and highly structured

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Weight watchers is a

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self-help or support group as is AA

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ACA and the ASGW division recommend screening for potential group members

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for all groups

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A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights at his private practice office. Which client would most likely be a poorest choice for a group member?

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An extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker

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A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college counseling center. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?

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A first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic.

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A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately. Although private screening interviews are not as cost effective or as time efficient, many group leaders feel they are superior inasmuch as private screening sessions

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are generally superior in terms of counselor/client interaction

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Most experts in the field of group counseling would agree that the most important trait for group members is the abiltiy

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to trust

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Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that

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closed groups allow no new members after the group begins

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One major advantage of a closed group versus an open group is

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it promotes cohesiveness

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One major disadvantage of a closed group versus an open group is that

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if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members

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The number of people in an open group is generally

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more stable than a closed group

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One distinct disadvantage of an open group

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a member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences.

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When a group member is speaking it is best for the counselor to

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try to face the group member

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A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that

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an Asian-American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together

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A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that

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a Hispanic male leader in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together

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Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative of a leader focused on process rather than product

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"you wince whenever Jane raises her voice"

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Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center for adolescents focuses on product rather than process

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Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens

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Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests that

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we are not the only ones in the world with a given ploblem

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In the late 1930's researchers identified three basic leadership styles:

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autocratic (authoritarian), democratic, and laissez faire.

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The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give the oreders to group, while the laissez farie leader

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has a hands-off policy and participates very little

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When comparing the autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire styles

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democratic is the most desireable

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A group with more than one leader is said to utilize co leaders. Co leadership is desirable because

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the group can go one even if one leader is absent, two leaders can focus on group dynamics better than one leader, leaders can process their feelings between sessions.

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Coleadership

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reduces burnout and helps insure safety

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Coleadership

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is helpful when one leader is experiencing countertransference

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Co Leadership is also referred to as co-facilitation, can be a disadvantage when

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leaders are working against each other, which fragments the group., leaders are intimate with each other, leaders question each other's competence

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co leaders are apt to work at cross-purposes when

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they do not meet between group sessions

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Gerald Corey who has written extensively on group therapy, believes ___ is necessary for an effective group leader

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participation in a therapeutic group and participation in a leaders group

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Most experts would agree that an effective adult counseling group has ____members

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5 or 6 -8

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Most experts would agree that an effective counseling group for children has

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less members than an adult group

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Although the length of group counseling sessions will vary, most experts would agree that ____ is plenty of time even when critical issues are being examined

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two hours per session

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In terms of group risks

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an ethical leader will discuss them during the initial session with a client

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An adept group leader will

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attempt to safeguard clients against risks, and work to reduce risks and dangers (informed consent)

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A group participant wants to drop out of a group Since the group is "closed" ASGW ethics state that

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the client must be allowed to withdraw

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