National Government Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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the array of beliefs and attitudes that people hold about political and related affairs
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public opinion
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public opinion that fluctuates considerably in response to social, political, and economic events
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dynamic public opinion
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a preference that is more likely to influence what people think about political candidates and how that person might get involved politically
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intense preference
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the process of using social science methods to get an accurate sense of the public's view about an issue or set of issues
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polling
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(True or False) Americans consistently express greater confidence in their country's political, social, and economic institutions that do citizens of other democratic countries
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True
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the majority of people identify with which political ideology?
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conservatism
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the process by which citizens acquire politically relevant knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and patterns of behavior
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political socialization
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a theory of learning through psychological attachments or identifications to other people; mimicking the opinions of those we respect
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social learning theory
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a theory of carrying over attitudes developed in a narrower setting; reacting to a political authority as you would a parent
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transfer theory
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a theory of learning that is dependent on the stage of an individual's mental development; emotional ties to the nation's ideals tend to develop early, but intellectual understanding requires maturity
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cognitive development theory
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what branch of politics do African Americans and White Americans differ on significantly?
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equality and the government
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what age does political thinking start to blossom?
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12
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American sub societies that have their own shared patterns of political attitudes and behaviors; usually racially and ethnically based
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subculture
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a person's sense of being able to accomplish something politically, an important determinant of political participation
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political efficacy
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a motivating factor by some citizens, to get involved in politics; "a good citizen is politically involved."
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sense of duty
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psychological attachment that a citizen may feel toward a particular political party
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party identification
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a form of political participation that can include marches, rallies, boycotts, picketing, political violence, and politically motivated crimes
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protest
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the refusal of citizens to buy a particular product or use a certain service
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boycott
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groups of protesters standing in front of a retail store or office building, placards in hand
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picketing
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a form of political protest in which advocates of a cause deliberately break a law as a means of asserting its illegitimacy or drawing attention to their cause
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civil disobedience
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a form of civil disobedience in which protesters do not actively oppose government's attempts to control them, but rather refuse to cooperate by doing noting
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passive resistance
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22% of the population that take virtually no part in political life; lower status social and economic groups are likely to fall into this category
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inactives
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about 21% of the population who do a little more politically than vote regularly
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voting specialists
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about 4% of the population who contact public officials when they have a particular personal problem and seek governmental assistance in solving it
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parochial participants
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about 20% of the population that has little involvement in electoral politics apart from voting they do engage in group and community activities with the aim of solving social problems
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communalists
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15% of the population who engage in little group activity but much campaign activity; tend to be of higher status
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campaigners
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about 11% of the population who do it all: voting, contacting, group activities, and campaigning
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complete activists
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a perspective that looks at politics as a system in which individuals and organizations pursue their self interests, defined in terms of costs and benefits, and choose to do things that give them the greatest benefit at the least cost
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rational actor model
