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is an organ. Helps with communication, writing, breathing, posture, joints, produces heat.

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Muscle

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Voluntarily controlled, Banded striated, multiple cell nuclei, extracellular, found attached to bones, t-tubules, has long non-branching cylindrical cells, concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole. Development of Endoplasmic Reticulum. Extracellular

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Skeletal Muscle

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Involuntarily controlled. Banded striated, single cell nuclei, found in the wall of viscera, has short cylindrical cells with branching ends, gap junction, change the internal volume of an organ, t-tubules, pumps the blood through blood vessels. Development of Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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Cardiac Muscle

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Involuntarily controlled. Single cell nuclei, found in the wall of viscera, gap junction, has spindle shape cells, changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts. Extracellular

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Smooth Muscle

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covers cells

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Endomysium

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covers the whole muscle

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Epimysium

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Covers the fascicle

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Perimysium

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between adjacent muscle

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Deep fascia

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hypodermis

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Superficial Fascia

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can respond to signals

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Responsiveness/excitability

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can conduct local electrical change along muscle fiber.

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Conductivity

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can shorten

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Contractility

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Can stretch

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Extensibility

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return to original/resting length after stretching.

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Elasticity

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t-tubules tunnel like infoldings that penetrate the cell, carries electric current to cell interior.

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Sarcolemma

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myofibrils: bundles of parallel myofilaments. Glycogen and myoglobin

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Sarcoplasm

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smooth endoplasmic reticulum, series of interconnected, dilated, calcium storage sacs called terminal cisternael (pairs)

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Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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one t-tubule and two cisternae

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Triads

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200 to 500 myosin molecules shaped as two entwined polypeptides. A bundle with heads (for cross bridges). Directed outward, spirally around bundled tails. Actin and ATP binding site

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Thick filaments

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fibrous (F) actin: has two intertwined strands each subunit in the strand is globular (G) actin with an active site.

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Thin filaments

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in relaxed muscle block the active site of 6-7 G actins

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Tropomyosin

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attached to each tropomyosin, binds Calcium ions.

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Troponin

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The site of interaction between and neuron and any other cell.

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Synapses

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The site of interaction between a neuron and a muscle.

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Neuromuscular Junction

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Each axon branches into multiple extension

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Tellodendria

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Each telodendrium ends in a swelling.

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Synaptic Knob

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Synaptic knob has vesicles

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Neurotransmitter

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vesicles in the synaptic knob in the NMJ

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Acetycholine

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the space between the synaptic knob and sarcolemma

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Synaptic Cleft

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a depression in the sarcolemma at the synaptic cleft

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Motor end plate

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full of acetylcholine receptors

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Motor end plate

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Length stays the same, tension increases

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Isometric

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Length changes, constant tension

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Isotonic

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Excitation Excitation-contraction coupling Contraction Relaxation

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4 types of Muscle contractions

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A nerve signal from motor neuron leads to AP in muscle fiber

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Excitation

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Links the AP on the sarcolemma with activation movements

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Excitation-contraction coupling

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Muscle fibers develop tension, slide along each other

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Contraction

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Returns to resting length

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Relaxation

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The name means the "straight" muscle of the abdomen

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RECTUS ABDOMINIS

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Forms the most superficial layer of the lateral walls of the abdomen

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EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL

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Deep abdominal muscle with horizontal fibers

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TRANSVERSE ABDOMINAL

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Linea albs is seen between what muscles?

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RECTUS ABDOMINIS

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"Six Pack" is formed by tendinous intersections dividing the ______ into segments

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RECTUS ABDOMINIS

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Vertical sleeve enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle

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RECTUS SHEATH

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Tendons of the oblique and transverse are called

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APONEUROSIS

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Produces forward bending at the waist

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RECTUS ABDOMINIS

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This muscle has fibers passing perpendicular to the muscle

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INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE

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Large, paired, superficial muscle of the lower back

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LATISSIMUS DORSI

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A back muscle that runs from the cranium to the sacrum, muscle of the back

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ERECTOR SPINAE

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Muscle that forms pork chops and T-steaks

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ERECTOR SPINAE

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Thick triangular muscle that caps the shoulder and forms the shoulder mass

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DELTOID

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Muscle that allows you to extend your head

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TRAPEZIUS

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4 muscles of the rotator cuff musculature

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SUPRASPINATUS, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR, SUBSCAPULARIS

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Two muscles that form the axial group of muscles acting on the humerus

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PECTORALIS MAJOR, LATISSIMUS DORSI

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Thick, fleshy muscle of the mammary region

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PECTORALIS MAJOR

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SITS muscles

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SUPRASPINATUS, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR, SUBSCAPULARIS

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A rotator cuff muscle located on the anterior side of the scapula

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SUBSCAPULARIS

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3 components of the erector spinae

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LONGISSIMUS SPINALIS ILIOCOSTALIS

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Two broad superficial muscles of the back that receives the "bulk" attention

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TRAPEZIUS, LATISSIMUS DORSI

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Muscles, whose tendons pass under the flexor retinaculum WITH THE MEDIAN NERVE (responsible for carpal tunnel syndrom) TENDONS OF:

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FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALS, FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS, FLEXOR POLLICS LONGUS, FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

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Resists separation of radius and ulna in push-ups

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PRONATOR QUADRATUS

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Two muscles, synergists, allow you to flex the elbow

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BICEPS BRACHII BRACHIALIS

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A muscle acting on the elbow, has three heads (long, lateral and medial)

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TRICEPS BRACHII

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Forms anterior bulge on the arm

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BICEPS BRACHII

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Major stabilizer of the shoulder joint

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BICEPS BRACHII and SITS

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Achieve pronation

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PRONATOR QUADRATUS , PRONATOR and SITS

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An elbow flexor that is also a forearm supinator

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BICEPS BRACHII

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This muscles four tendons can be seen on the back of the hand (fingers strongly extended)

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EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

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Supinates forearm

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SUPINATOR BICEPS BRACHII

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Muscle that extends the elbow

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TRICEPS BRACHII

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The tendons of these muscles can be felt as prominent cords on both sides of the popliteal fossa

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HAMSTRINGS

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Forms the mass of the buttock

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GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

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Strap-like muscle that is a weak thigh flexor: the tailor's muscle

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SARTORIUS

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Muscle group that extends the thigh and flexes the knee

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HAMSTRING WITH GLUTEUS

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"Toe dancer's" muscle, a two bellied muscle of the calf

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GASTROCNEMIUS

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Muscle group extends the knee

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QUADRICEPS MUSCLE

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Used to extend the hip when climbing stairs

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GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

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Muscle of the hamstring block

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BICEPS, FEMORIS, SEMIMEMBRANOUS, SEMITENDINOSUS

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Like the two bellied muscle that lies over it, this muscle is a plantar flexor

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SOLEUS

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Strongest tendon in the body, a common site of sports injuries from sudden stress

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ACHILLES (CALCANEAL)

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Two muscles that form the triceps surae

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GASTROCNEMIUS SOLEUS

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Longest muscle in the body

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SARTORIUS

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The insertion tendon of the ________ group contains a large sesamoid bone, the patella

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QUADRICEPS

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The triceps surae insert in common into the _________ tendon

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ACHILLES

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During an overambitious workout, a high school athlete pulls some muscles by forcing his knee into extension when his hip is already fully flexed. What muscle doe s he pull?

answer

HAMSTRINGS

question

Three muscles used frequently for intramuscular injections in adults

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DELTOID, GLUTEUS MAXIMUS, QUAD

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Most flexor muscles are located on the_________ aspect of the body.

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Most extensors are located on the _________ aspect of the body.

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POSTERIOR

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An exception to this generalization is the extensor-flexor musculature of the ____________.

answer

KNEE

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