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Multicultural Education in the United States is

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An approach to teaching and learning based on democratic values and a belief in a culturally pluralistic society.

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When Multicultural Education includes the development of "multicultural competence," it refers to people having

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Gained insight into their own cultural assumptions, the ability to interact effectively with people from another culture and empathy for different world views.

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Multicultural Education does not emphasize

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Total assimilation of minorities into the mainstream culture.

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A primary assumption of Multicultural Education is that

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Individuals who identify with different ethnic groups can retain and preserve some of their original culture and still function in society.

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The critics of Multicultural Education in the United States argue that it

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Is a threat to our national unity.

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Advocates of Multicultural Education argue that

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It attempts to correct inaccuracies and omissions in the curriculum, monocultural schools are inadequate for a multicultural society, it's fundamental to the democratic ideas of the United States and it emphasizes academic success for all students.

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The "business-as-usual" approach to school desegregation emphasizes

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An active one-way absorption of ethnic minorities into the school culture and passive school responses that maintain the school's traditions and expect all students to fit in.

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The "integrated pluralism" approach to school desegregation emphasizes

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School policies and practices that promote positive intergroup contacts among students from different groups and school policies and practices that create racially identifiable student activities and classroom tracking.

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School desegregation, in contrast to school segregation, is evident in

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An active process that affirms diversity and promotes positive intergroup contact.

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In addition to positive teacher expectations and interracial contacts, multicultural schools require active attention to

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Curricular content and extracurricular activities, faculty and staffing patterns and instructional methods, and rules and standards for discipline and academic achievement.

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The core values of a multicultural curriculum include

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Respect for universal human rights, rejection of violence in any form, acceptance and appreciation for cultural diversity and a sense of responsibility for the world community.

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Which is not true about the achievement gap in multicultural education?

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Although the overall scores on national tests have recently approved for all groups, the average score for white students continue to be higher than the average scores of Black and Latino students.

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When and why did Multicultural Education originate?

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After the Civil Rights movement when public schools began to desegregate and disproportionately high numbers of students of color were placed in special education and lower tracks.

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Equity pedagogy

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Teaching strategies and classroom environments that help students from diverse racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

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Multicultural Curriculum requires teachers to

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Focus on minority and non-minority students

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Multicultural competence is evident when teachers

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Have insight into their cultural assumptions, ethnocentrism and prejudices, interact comfortably with students, parents and fellow educators who are culturally and racially different than them and are informed about and affirm the cultural identity of both minority and non-minority students present in their classroom.

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The social justice dimension in multicultural education envisions teachers whom

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Facilitate student inquiry into societal inequities, develop students' social action skills, make the students aware of classism, sexism and racism in popular culture and clear up myths and stereotypes associated with race, culture, gender and other identity groups.

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The necessary conditions for schools that affirm cultural diversity include

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Positive teacher expectations for all students' learning, avoidance of resegregation, a multicultural curriculum and culturally competent teaching.

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The concept of culture does not include

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Prejudices and stereotypes.

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An ethnic group

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Associated with racial and/or cultural differences that set the group apart within a larger society.

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The Navajo way is similar to the mainstream culture in that in traditional Navajo culture

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Quick action is valued more than patience

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An ethnic group is a minority group when

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It is less than 50 percent of the total population

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Race and culture are similar in that

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There is great diversity within racial groups and cultural groups.

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Cultural assimilation is/was evident when

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People who identify with an ethnic group give up their original culture and are absorbed into the predominant core culture. Public schools in the United States socialized European immigrants into the Anglo-American way of life.

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Cultural pluralism is evident in which of the following?

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Immigrants are permitted to retain their culture even when social harmony and the survival of society as a whole might be threatened.

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Worldview does not include

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The similar way a culture group perceives reality.

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The predominant worldview in the United States does not emphasize

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Harmony with nature and the importance of reflection before action.

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Which of the following statements about ethnic identity or ethnicity is true?

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People in the same ethnic group differ in how they identify with their racial or cultural group. Language spoken in home, the ethnic composition of one's neighborhood and ethnic mix of friends all influence one's ethnic identity.

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The comparison of the United States to a melting pot

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Is a common phrase that describes cultural pluralism in the United States.

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Nonverbal communication can be a source of cultural conflict in a typical mainstream classroom because

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Much of human communication is nonverbal, it involves body movement, facial expressions and gestures that are unconscious and we often misunderstand culturally different gestures and spatial preferences.

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It's important for teachers to understand human diversity as it relates to culture because

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Knowledge about cultural differences prevents stereotyping and academic success for all students is ensured.

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Racialized ethnicity explains why some immigrant youth of color develop stronger racial identities after they come to the U.S. It is the result of

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Discrimination and non-acceptance by their non-minority peers, increased societal fears of terrorism since 9/11 and rising hate crimes based on race and/or national origin.

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An understanding of learning styles

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Enable a teacher to detect individual differences that affect a person's learning.

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When teachers pay attention to learning styles they

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Can select instruments that focus on the cognitive, affective and/or psychological aspects of learning.

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Current research on learning styles suggest that

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There are little or no evidence that certain learning styles are associated with different ethnic groups.

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The Edmund Learning Style Identification Exercise would help teachers detect which student's preference?

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Charlie's reading comprehension improves when he listens to a tape.

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Which of the following is a student likely to learn best when the teacher provides a lot of structure?

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Brett loves to see learning objectives written on the board for every lesson. Claire frequently asks the teacher if she is doing the assignment correctly. Sarah is a slow to warm up learner but once she gets going, she can stay on a task for a long time. Max gets nervous when a new type of project is introduced.

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Research into the relationships between culture and learning suggests that

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Diversity among individuals within any culture group is extensive. Individuals from a homogeneous culture exhibit similar patterns of perception. African American children socialization exhibit 3 different dimensions: mainstream, minority and afrocultural. The core character of African American culture exhibits stylistic behaviors such as verve, morality and spirituality.

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Research into the relationship between culture and learning style suggests that

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Aspects of culture can be included in classroom learning to especially benefit children of color in the United States.

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Culturally competent teachers

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Approach strangers with open mindedness and an inquiry orientation, have high expectations for every student, have a positive personal connection with each student and engage students in the learning process.

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The Funds of Knowledge approach does not include one of the following practices?

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After school study groups for teachers and researchers are important.

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In her study of the successful teachers of African American children, Gloria Ladson-Billings discovered that

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The successful teachers all felt a strong sense of purpose.

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In an example of Ann Lewis classroom, we could see culturally relevant teaching in action. Culturally relevant teaching includes all of the following except

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Feeling sorry for culturally disadvantaged students.

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Culturally relevant teaching does not include

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Emphasizing high academic standards.

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The latest NAEP results shows that

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Low and middle income African American and Latino students tend to score lower than low income White students.

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A problem in the accurate and fair treatment of students' academic achievement on standardized tests includes all of the following except

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Bias in measurement instruments and teaching materials

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Racial inequalities in special education are evident in

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High number of African American males in special education in middle to high income white schools and in low income urban schools + placed inclusion classrooms rather than pullout programs. High numbers of immigrant children in special education.

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Factors that support student motivation to learn are

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A teacher's personal qualities such as expressing care, enthusiasm and gentleness. Instruction that ensures student success, giving feedback and teacher style flexing. Having clear objectives, cultivating curiosity and building on interests. Teachers knowing the students, getting students to know each other and developing trust, respect, and acceptance.

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The gender differences sometimes found in student performance

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Reflect socialization more than biology.

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Within the area of student exceptionalities and special education

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It's important to know what disabled children can do and what classroom supports and conditions will maximize their abilities.

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According to Public Law 94-142, the disabled child with special needs must be provided all of the following except

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Special education classes that protect them from the non-disabled population.

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When considering peer relations in school, which of the following is not true?

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Interpersonal relationships between teachers and students are unimportant in the teaching-learning process.

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Which of the following is least important in helping a teacher understand the family background of a low income child who is having difficulty in school?

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What is the family's annual income?

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Overall the majority of gender equity programs in nation's schools

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Have adopted a broader view of appropriate gender roles that include multiple forms of masculinity and femininity.

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When people think that a child's cultural background or home life is culturally deficient

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They place the burden on the child with individual remediation, they overlook the gifts the child could bring to the classroom, they are unaware of the funds of knowledge possessed by the family and they have a lower expectations of the child's learning capabilities.

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