Module 4 nutrition – Flashcards
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Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? a. Galactose b. Fructose c. Lactose d. Glucose
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Lactose
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Major fructose sources include a. milk and cheese. b. fruits and high fructose corn syrup. c. fruits and vegetables. d. nuts and seeds.
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fruits and high fructose corn syrup
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After absorption, galactose is converted to ________ in the liver. a. glucose b. fructose c. glycogen d. lactose
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glucose
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A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of a. two monosaccharides. b. two polysaccharides. c. one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide. d. two oligosaccharides.
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two monosaccharides
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In the U.S. diet, carbohydrate supplies approximately what percentage of total kcalories? a. 15% b. 35% c. 50% d. 75%
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50%
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The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called a. biosynthesis. b. anabolism. c. photosynthesis. d. glycogenesis.
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photosynthesis
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What is the major monosaccharide found in the body? a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Galactose d. Sucrose
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glucose
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Glucose also is known as a. levulose. b. ribose. c. maltose. d. dextrose.
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dextrose
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Which of the following is true? a. Glucose and glucose form sucrose. b. Glucose and fructose form lactose. c. Glucose and galactose form lactose. d. Glucose and galactose form maltose.
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Glucose and galactose form lactose
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The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to a. starch. b. monosaccharides and disaccharides. c. fiber. d. polysaccharides.
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monosaccharides and disaccharides
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Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose? a. Alcohol b. Fruits c. Grains d. Sugar cane
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sugar cane
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Which of the following is a major source of lactose? a. Skim milk b. Broccoli c. Apples d. Honey
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skim milk
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The monosaccharides important in nutrition are a. glucose, fructose, and lactose. b. fructose, glucose, and galactose. c. fructose, glucose, and maltose. d. sucrose, fructose, and glucose.
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fructose, glucose, and galactose
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Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion? a. Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins. b. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. c. Chewing food does not assist in carbohydrate digestion. d. Saliva production does not influence starch digestion.
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Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins
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What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine? a. Salivary amylase b. Bicarbonate c. Pancreatic proteases d. Pancreatic amylase
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Pancreatic amylase
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Carbohydrate digestion begins in the a. stomach with gastric lipase. b. stomach with salivary amylase. c. mouth with salivary amylase. d. small intestine with pancreatic amylase
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mouth with salivary amylase
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Amylase is a. an enzyme that digests protein. b. a branched chain of glucose units. c. an enzyme that digests starch. d. a straight chain of glucose units
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an enzyme that digests starch.
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What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine? a. They pass into the colon and are absorbed. b. They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria. c. They are absorbed and converted to glycogen. d. They are absorbed and converted to fat.
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They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria
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Which of the following describes the process of starch digestion? a. Starch to lactose to galactose b. Starch to maltose to glucose c. Starch to glycogen to glucose d. Starch to sucrose to fructose
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Starch to maltose to glucose
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Glucose is absorbed via ______ absorption. a. passive b. facilitated c. active d. participatory
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active
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Lactose intolerance is caused by a. a milk allergy. b. lactase deficiency. c. milk bacteria. d. intestinal bacteria.
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lactase deficiency
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The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are a. gas, abdominal pain, and distention. b. a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose. c. a headache and chest pain. d. nausea and vomiting.
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gas, abdominal pain, and distention
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Sucralose (Splenda®) is made by adding a. lactose to sucrose. b. chlorines to sucrose. c. sucrose to galactose. d. sucrose to glucose.
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chlorines to sucrose
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The main function of glucose is to a. serve as raw material to build tissue. b. work with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions. c. repair tissue. d. supply energy.
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supply energy
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Which organ will first receive sugars after they are absorbed into the blood? a. Kidney b. Heart c. Liver d. Pancreas
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liver
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Which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state? a. Insulin b. Epinephrine c. Cortisol d. Glucagon
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Insulin
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When insulin is released, it causes a. the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood. b. muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake. c. fat breakdown in fat tissue. d. the liver to make glycogen from protein.
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muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake.
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Which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state? a. Insulin b. Testosterone c. Estrogen d. Glucagon
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Glucagon
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Which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use? a. Insulin b. Epinephrine c. Glycogen d. Progesterone
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Epinephrine
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The glycemic load takes into account the glycemic index of the food and the amount of a. carbohydrate consumed. b. glucose absorbed. c. insulin released from the pancreas. d. glycogen stored.
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carbohydrate consumed
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For which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source? a. Muscles b. Brain c. Liver d. Heart
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brain
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Glycogen is a. a highly branched polysaccharide. b. stored in the absence of dietary carbohydrate. c. a straight chain of glucoses linked together. d. a hormone for blood glucose regulation.
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a highly branched polysaccharide
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You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet? a. Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs. b. Fat will be broken down and used as the exclusive fuel, leading to considerable fat loss and little health risk. c. Ketones will be produced from partial protein metabolism to be used for energy. d. Fat will be broken down and converted to glucose that will be used as the primary energy source.
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Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.
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Starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule? a. Fructose b. Glycerol c. Glucose d. Galactose
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Glucose
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Amylose is a. a long, straight glucose chain. b. branched glucose chains. c. a long, straight fatty acid chain. d. branched amino acid chains.
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a long, straight glucose chain.
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Which of the following has the most starch? a. 1 medium orange b. 1 cup of kidney beans c. 8 fluid ounces of milk d. 4 ounces of meat
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1 cup of kidney beans
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The major storage sites for glycogen are a. muscles and liver. b. kidney and muscles. c. liver and kidney. d. liver and pancreas.
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muscles and liver
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Dietary fibers primarily are a. polysaccharides. b. polypeptides. c. disaccharides. d. monosaccharides.
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polysaccharides
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Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers? a. They are mostly polysaccharides. b. The bonds between sugar units cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes. c. They cannot be absorbed by the small intestine. d. They are absorbed in the large intestine.
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They are absorbed in the large intestine.
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Viscous (soluble) fibers a. increase stool size significantly. b. are not readily fermented by intestinal bacteria. c. do not dissolve in water. d. can lower blood cholesterol.
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can lower blood cholesterol
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Which of the following is not a rich source of viscous (soluble) fibers? a. Fruits b. Oatmeal c. Whole wheat bread d. Legumes
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Whole wheat bread
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Dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer? a. Colon b. Liver c. Pancreatic d. Stomach
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colon
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A reasonable and recommended goal for daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams? a. 10 to 12 b. 15 to 30 c. 20 to 34 d. 25 to 38
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25 to 38
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John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way for him do this? a. Eating enriched grains such as Rice Krispies and Saltines b. Buying bran and fiber supplements to add to his current diet c. Reading the labels of grain products and buying those labeled "wheat flour" d. Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels
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Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels
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Which of the following foods would have the most fiber? a. Kidney beans b. English muffins made with enriched flour c. Orange juice d. Corn flakes
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Kidney beans
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When eating a high-fiber diet one should a. restrict fluid intake. b. not be concerned about consuming large amounts. c. avoid foods that are not whole grain. d. increase fluid intake.
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increase fluid intake.
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Which of the following breakfasts would be highest in carbohydrate? a. Grapefruit half, 2 fried eggs, 3 bacon slices, 1 slice of toast with butter, coffee b. 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk c. 8 ounces orange juice, 2 bran muffins, 8 ounces nonfat yogurt, coffee d. 1 cup whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter
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8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk
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Medical conditions related to metabolic syndrome are a. Type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer. b. Type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke. c. Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke. d. Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer.
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Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
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Which of the following is not characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus? a. Arises most commonly in adulthood b. Associated with a tendency to develop ketosis c. Sometimes caused by viral infection d. Has a genetic link
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Arises most commonly in adulthood
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All of the following are characteristic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus except a. arises most commonly in adulthood. b. caused by insensitivity of fat and muscle cells to insulin. c. often associated with obesity. d. the least common form of diabetes.
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the least common form of diabetes.
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The most important dietary approach for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is to a. lose body fat. b. eat regular meals. c. maintain a constant ratio of carbohydrate to protein to fat throughout the day. d. avoid sugar.
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lose body fat.
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If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use? a. Stevia b. Aspartame c. High fructose corn syrup d. Saccharin
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Aspartame
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Fiber is defined as both the fiber found naturally in foods and the fiber added to foods. a. True b. False
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true
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Insulin is the only hormone that controls blood glucose. a. True b. False
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false
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Diabetes is a medical problem most commonly associated with low blood glucose. a. True b. False
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false
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Insufficient carbohydrates may lead to ketosis. a. True b. False
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true
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The human body uses fiber mainly as a source of energy. a. True b. False
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false
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Protein can be converted to glucose in the body. a. True b. False
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true
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Wheat bread is a good source of fiber a. True b. False
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false
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Meat contains a fair amount of carbohydrates due to the glycogen stores found in the animal from which it came a. True b. False
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false
