MIS 373 – Flashcards
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competitiveness, strategy, and productivity
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Three separate, but related business concepts that are vitally important to organizations:
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competitiveness
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how effectively and organization meets the wants and needs of a customer relative to others that offer similar goods or services
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mission
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states the purpose of the organization, serves as the basis for organizational goals
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goals
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provide detail and the scope of the mission, serve as the basis for operational strategies
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strategy
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a plan for achieving organizational goals
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organizational strategies
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overall strategies that relate the the entire organization, support the achievement of organizational goals and mission
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core competencies
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the special attributes or abilities that give an organization competitive edge, need to be aligned with strategies to be effective
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order qualifiers
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characteristics that customers perceive as minimum standards of acceptability for a product or service to be considered
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order winners
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characteristics of a product or service that cause it to be perceived as better than the competition
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functional level strategies
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strategies that relate to each of the functional areas and that support achievement of the organizational strategy
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operations strategy
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the approach, consistent with organization strategy, that is used to guide the operations function
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tactics
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the methods and actions taken to accomplish strategies, "how to" part of the process
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operations
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the actual "doing" part of the process
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productivity
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a measure of the effective use of resources, usually expressed as a ration of output to input
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essence, goods, services
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the___ of an organization in the ____ and ___ it offers
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economic
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Low demand, excessive warranty claims, need to reduce costs (resign for design or re-design)
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social and demographic
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aging populations, population shifts (reason for design or re-design)
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political, liability, or legal
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government changes, safety issues, new regulations (resign for design or re-design)
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competitive
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new or changed products and services (resign for design or re-design)
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cost or availability
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raw materials, components, labor, water, energy (resign for design or re-design)
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technological
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product components, processes (resign for design or re-design)
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competitor based
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type of idea generation that involves studying how a competitor operates and its products and services
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reverse engineering
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dismantling and inspecting a competitor's product to discover product improvements
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research and development
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organized efforts to increase scientific knowledge or product innovation
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basic research
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R objective is advancing the state of knowledge about a subject without and near-term expectation of commercial applications
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applied research
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R objective is achieving commercial applications
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development
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R objetive is to convert the results of applied research into useful commercial applications
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manufacturability
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the capability of an organization to produce an item at an acceptable profit
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serviceability
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the capability of an organization to provide a service at an acceptable cost or profit
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reliability
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the ability of a product, part, or system to perform its intend function under a prescribed set of conditions
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redundancy
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the use of backup components to increase reliability
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standardization
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extent to which there is an absence of variety in a product, service, or process
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mass customization
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a strategy of producing basically standardized goods or services, but incorporating some degree of customization in the final product or service
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delayed differentiation
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the process of producing, but not quite completing, a product or service until the customers preferences are known
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modular design
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a form or standardization in which component parts are grouped into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged
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concurrent engineering
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bringing design and manufacturing engineers together early in the design phase
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design for manufacturing
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the designing of products t hat are compatible with an organization's abilities (DFM)
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design for assembly
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design that focus on reducing the number of parts in a product and on assembly methods and sequence (DFA)
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component commonality
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when products have a high degree of similarity in features and components, a part can be used in multiple products
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quality function development
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an approach that integrates the "voice of the customer" into both product and service development (QFD)
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service design
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choice of service strategy, which determines the nature and focus of the service, and the target market
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feedback
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measurements taken at various points in the transformation process
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control
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the comparison of feedback against previously established standards to determine if corrective action is needed
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products package
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combinations of goods and services
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model
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an abstraction of reality; a simplification
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craft production
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highly skilled workers use simple, flexible tools to produce small quantities of customized goods
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scientific management
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type of management based on observation, measurement, analysis, and improvement of work methods, and economic incentives
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suppliers, employees, distributors, and retailers
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operations management incorporates which groups?
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changes in the market
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what would cause a business to change its product or service design
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design of the product and process
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what is the first step in creating a new operation?
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system
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a set of interrelated parts that must work together
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increase output and hold inputs constant
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what will always lead to an increases in productivity?
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theory X
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workers do not like work and must be induced to do it
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theory Y
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workers enjoy work and are committed to doing it
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lean system
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type of system with a higher quality than most conventional systems, use highly-skilled workers and are very responsive to customer demand
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agility
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the ability of an organization to respond quickly to demands or opportunities
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division of labor
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the breaking up on a production process into small tasks, so that each worker performs small portion of the overall job
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e-commerce
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consumer-to-business transactions
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ethical framework
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a sequence of steps intended to guide thinking and subsequent decision or action
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lead time
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the time between ordering good or service and receiving it
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Pareto phenomenon
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a few factors for a high percentage of the occurrence of some events
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six sigma
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a process for reducing costs, improving quality, and increasing customer satisfaction
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supply chain
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a sequence of activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service
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time-based strategy
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strategy that focuses on reduction of time needed to accomplish tasks
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computer aided design
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product design using computer graphics
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failure
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situation in which a product, part, or system does not perform as intended
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normal operating conditions
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the set of conditions under which an item's reliability is specified
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product liability
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the responsibility of a manufacturer for any injuries or damages caused by a faulty product
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remanufacturing
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refurbishing used products by replacing worn-out or defective components/recycling
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service blueprint
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a method used in service design to describe and analyze a proposed service
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service delivery system
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the facilities, processes, and skills needed to provide a service
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service package
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the physical resources needed to perform the service, the accompanying goods, and the explicit and implicit services included
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value analysis
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examination of the function or parts and materials in an effort to reduce cost and/or improve product performance
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uniform commercial code
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products carry an implication of merchantability and fitness/ must be suitable for intended use
