Anthropology Quiz Flashcards
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Which is a primate characteristic
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Post-orbital bars
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The visual predation hypothesis argues
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(arboreal animals do not have primate visual and grasping adaptations, predators that use vision for hunting often have eyes like primates, grasping feet can be used to maintain balance while grabbing prey) All of the above
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Number of fingers and toes of a human
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"primitive" compared to the number found in horses
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Tarsiers
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are primarily insectivorous
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What can we learn from drunken monkeys
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alcoholism is probably the product of genetics and socialization
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Arms that are longer than the legs, and a short stable lumbar spine are traits associated with
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brachiation
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Hominoids and Cercopithecoids share this dental formula
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2.1.2.3
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The primitive mammalian dental formula is
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3.1.4.3
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Ring-tailed lemurs
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(NOT found throughout Africa, male dominant, or solitary) None of the above
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Lemurs and Lorises
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have a tapetum lucidum
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Using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion is called
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quadrupedalism
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Sexual dimorphism
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refers to differences between the sexes with regard to features such as body size
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Orangutans are
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sometimes in a state of arrested development
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Among anthropoid primates, females are usually
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philopatric
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Cercopithecoidea
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have bilophodont dentition
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capuchin monkeys
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are known to use tolls in the wild and may possess a notion of fairplay
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Which of the following are strepsirrhines
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bushbabies or galagos
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What is the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of ecological factors as agents of natural selection
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behavioral ecology
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a social grouping of two males mated to one female is
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polyandrous
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Apes differ from Old World monkeys in that apes have
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no tails
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What specific types of tool use have been observed in wild chimps
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hunting with primitive spears and fishing out termites with twigs
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Baboons
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usually live in multi-male and multi-female groups
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Which of the following species have the absolutely largest brain
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sperm whale
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Which of the following species has the relatively largest brain
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bottlenose dolphin
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in nonhuman primates, the hormonally initiated period of sexual receptivity is
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estrus
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gibbons are
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generally monogynous
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in multi-male/multi-female groups where males strongly compete for ability to copulate
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males are usually much larger than females
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When male langurs take over another male's group and kill the young, they do this because
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it increases their reproductive success and causes the infant's mother to cease lactation and resume cycling
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ecological factors influencing primate social behavior include
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(the distribution of food and water, the distribution of predators, and the nutritional value of foods) All of the above
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If females of a gien primate group are philopatric, it means that females
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remain in one's natal group as an adult
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grooming
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keeps primates clean and is diffuses social tension
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which of the following are not hominoids
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baboons
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in the context of social groups, dominance hierarchies
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can be maintained in males and females
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which of the following statements is/are generally true
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(adult males tend to be dominant, dominant individuals have priority access to food, dominant males tend to have better access to mating partners) All of the above
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Monogynous primates tend to be
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monomorphic
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In Harlow's experiments, monkeys raised without mothers or furry surrogates
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( were not able to form affectional ties, weren't normal parents, and did not display normal sexual behavior) None of the above
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Sexual selection
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can take the forms of competition and mate choice and has been used to explain peacock tails and brightly colored male birds
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K-selected
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species produce relatively few offspring but invest heavily in them
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Female primates
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spend most of their adult life pregnant or lactating and assume most of the responsibility for infant care
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What species have very large, highly sexually dimorphic body sizes and live largely solitary lives
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orangutans
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chimpanzees
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have individual testes that are almost as big as their brains
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Chimpanzees live in groups composed of
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several adult males and females plus young of all ages
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Home range is
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the spatial area used by an individual and/or its group
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If a species lives in uni-male, mutli-female groups...
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males probably have larger body sizes and smaller testes
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Human and chimpanzee common ancestor date
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5 Ma
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Stresirrhine primates differ from Halorrhines in...
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(a rhinarium, post-orbital bar but not closure, and greater tendency to be nocturnal) All of the above
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The order Primates
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includes species with grasping thumbs, big toes, or both
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