Microbiology WJC 2013 Cpt.1 – Flashcards
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| List the various types of microbiology |
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| bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths (worms) |
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| Describe the role and impact of microbes on Earth? |
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| groups of organisms are constantly evolving to produce new forms of life. Microbes are crucial to the cycling of nutrients and energy that are necessary for all life on earth. Medical microbiology Public Health and epidemiology immunology industrial microbiology agricultural microbiology enviromental microbiolgy |
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| Explain the theory of evolution and why it is called a theory? |
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| accumulation of changes that occur in a organism as they adapt to their enviroment. It is an observable phenomenon tested by science. It is considered a theory because it is well studied and well established happening. |
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| Explain the ways that humans manipulate organisms for their own uses |
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| Baker's and brewer's yeast food preservation: yogurts, cheeses, salami, moldy bread on wounds Honey. Living factories to produce antibotics, MSG, ethanol Extract metals from ore in mines Enviromental clean up after oil spills |
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| Summarize the relative burden of human disease caused by microbes |
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| septicemia (bloodstream infection) Influenza and pneumonia HIV/AIDS Increasing number of emerging diseases (SARS, AIDS, Hep C, viral encephalitis) Other disease now linked are ulcers, certain cancers, schizopherenia, OCD diarrhea TB |
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| Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microogranisms? |
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| Prokaryotic- 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells, they also lack many cell structures such as organelles and a nucleus all prokaryotic are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are eukaryotic - larger and have both a nucleus and organelles.cell membrane and mitochondria |
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| Which of these is the correct scientific name for a common laboratory bacterium? |
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| Escherichia coli |
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| Taxonomy |
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| science of living things |
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| List some recent microbiology discoveries of great impact |
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| The use microbiology in the development of vaccines. microbial infections can cause cervical cancer, gastic ulcers, liver cancer |
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| Explain the importance of scientific method |
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| With scientific method you forumate a hypothesis use a deductive approach to apply scientific method, experimenttation, analysis, and testing leads to conclusions. either tosupport or refute the hypothesis |
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| Create a mnemonic device for remembering the taxonomic categories |
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| Correctly write the binomial name for a microorganism |
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| The scientific name is always combined with the generic (genus) name. The generic part of the scientific name is capitalized and the species name begins with a lower case letter. Both should be italicized or is handwriting underlined. Staphyloccus aureus |
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| Explain the difference between traditional and molecular approaches to taxonomy |
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| Which of the following is NOT considered a microorganisma. alga b. bacterium c. protozoan d. mushroom |
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| d. mushroom |
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| Which process involves the deliberate alternation of an organism's genetic materiala. bioremdiation b. biotechnology c.decomposition d. recombinant DNA technology |
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| d. recombinant DNA technology |
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| Which of the following parts was absent from Leeuwenhoek's microscopesa. focusing screw b. lens c. specimen holder d. condenser |
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| d. condenser |
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| Abiogenesis refers to the a. spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter. b. development of life forms from preexisting life forms c. development of aseptic technique d. germ theory of disease |
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| a. spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter. |
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| A hypothesis can be defined as |
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| a scientific explanation that is subject to testing |
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| When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered |
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| a theory |
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| How would you classify a virus a prokaryotic or eukaryotic |
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| neither a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic |
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| WHich of the following are prokaryotica, bacteria b.archaea c. protists d. both a and b |
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| d. both a and b |
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| Order of the taxonomic categories going from most specic to general? |
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| Species, genus, family,order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain |
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| Organisms in the same family are more closely related than those in the same order. True or false |
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| True |
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| Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes (true or false) |
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| false- eukaryotes and prokaryotes emerge independently |
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| Prokaryotes have no nucleus (true or false) |
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| true |
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| In order to be called a theory, a scientific idea has to undergo a great deal of testing. (tru or false) |
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| true |
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| microbes are ubiquitous (true or false) |
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| true |
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| trueOrder the following items by size using 1 the smallest through 8= largest. --AIDS Virus --amoeba --rickettsia ---protein ---worm ---coccus-shaped bacterium ---white blood cell ---atom |
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| 1. atom 2. protein 3. AIDS Virus 4. rickettsia 5. coccus-shaped bacterium 6. White blood cells 7. amoeba 8. worm |
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| Which of these are acellular microbesa. bacteria b. viruses c. protozoa d. Yeast |
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| b. viruses |
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| If you study HIV, what sort of microbiologist would be considered? a. bacteriologist b. protozoologist c. mycologist d. virologist |
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| d. virologist |
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| Why study Microbiology? |
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| microbes are the earliest organisms found in the fossil record -they perform essential reactions in the enviroment -microbes can be harnessed to work for us 4. they sometimes cause infectious diseases |
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| What bacteria is responsible for most of the oxygen in the earth's atomsphere? |
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| Cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae) |
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| bacteriology |
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| Study of prokaryotes |
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| mycology |
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| study of fungi |
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| phycology |
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| study of algae |
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| protozoology |
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| The study of protozoa |
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| virology |
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| The study of viruses |
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| Immunology |
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| The study of the immune system |
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| Carl von Linne |
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| begin systematically classifying living things |
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| Every organism has a two-name (binomial) designation |
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| Genus species |
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| explain the important contributions microorganisms make in the earth's ecosystem |
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| Microbes play a large role in decomposing dead animal and plant matter. Microbial photosynthesis account for most of the atmoshheric oxygen on earth. Many biological important elements (S,N,P) are cycled by microbes |
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| what is the binomial system of nomenclature, and why is it used? |
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| What is flagellum |
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| Allows the basic structure to move |
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| Describe the viruses |
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| not independent living cellular organism Simplier than cells-basically small amount of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes by a lipid membrane NO nucleus and ribsome to small |
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| Key to the study of microorganisms was the development of the ? |
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| Microscope |
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| who is the father of bacteriology and protozoology? |
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| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
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| who created the single lens microscope |
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| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
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| Robert Hooke |
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| may have been the first to see microorganisms coined the word "cell" to describe what he saw while viewing tree bark from a cork oak |
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| First person to accurately describe living microbes |
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| antionie van leeuwenhoek |
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| Why is a viruses not considered living? |
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| because they cannot reproduce on their own They need a host to reproduce |
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| Which is larger bacteria or viruses? |
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| Bacteria are much larger |
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| What is the difference between bacteria and archaea? |
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| Archaea can live in extreme enviroments |
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| When you are sick and they doctor gives you antibotics, you start feeling better and you don't finish taking all the pills, what could happen to your body? |
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| You strengthen the microbbbes and they could come resistant to the medication in the future. (anotherwords that medication won't work and before long no medication will work on your illness. |
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| Do viruses carry genetic infoDNA and RNA? |
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| Yes viruses carry genetic info. DNA and RNA but never both at the same time |
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| Sterilization is? |
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| Killing of all microrganisms |
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| Does Pasterization kill all microbes? |
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| No, an example is milk. The microbes are used in cheese and yogurt production |
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| Describe labeling Microbiology cover genus and species. |
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| Genus is capitalized and species is not. They are both either ilicized or capitalized |
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| Who introduced aseptic technique? |
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| Joseph Lister |
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| What can make insulin? |
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| Yeast |
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| Prokaryoes are cellular list 2 microbes in this catagory? |
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| Bacteria Archaea |
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| Eukaryotes are cellular list 4 microbes in this category? |
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| Fungi Algae protozoa helminths |
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| List 2 acellular microbes? |
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| Viruses bacteriophages |
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| Describe biotechnology. Also desribe the 2 types of biotechnology-- |
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| When human manipulate microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting. 1. genetic engineering. Creating new products and genetically modified organisms 2. recombinant DNA technology-allows microbes to be enginereed to desirable protiens (i.e. drugs, hormones, enzymes) |
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| recombinant DNA technology |
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| recombinant DNA technology-allows microbes to be enginereed to desirable protiens (i.e. drugs, hormones, enzymes) |
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| genetic engineering |
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| genetic engineering. Creating new products and genetically modified organisms |
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| bioremediation |
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| introducing microbes in to the enviroment to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants oil spills chemical spills water and sewage treatment |
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| A third type of microorganism might be considered what? |
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| A Viruses |
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| The taxonomic system has three primary functions? |
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| Naming classifying and identifying species |
