Microbiology Test 1 Chaps 1,3-7 – Flashcards
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| Ch1q1 Which activity is an example of biotechnologyA)Genetically modifying Escherichia coli to produce human insulin B)Using yeast to make bread at home C)The natural activity of many soil bacteria to secrete chemical compounds that kill competing organisms D)Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community |
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| Answer: A)Genetically modifying Escherichia coli to produce human insulin |
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| Ch1q2 The Study of the immune response to infection caused by microorganisms is: A)Physiology B)Geomicrobiology C)Immunology D)Epidemiology |
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| Answer: C)Immunology |
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| Ch1q3 The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called: A)Pathogens B)Fermenters C)Eukaryotes D)Prokaryotes E)Decomposers |
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| Answer: D)Prokaryotes |
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| Ch1q4 Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of: A)Decomposition B)Bioremediation C)Cladistics D)Epidemiology E)Immunology |
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| Answer: B)Bioremediation |
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| Ch1q5 Disease causing organisms are called: A)Eukaryotes B)Decomposers C)Pathogens D)Fermenters E)Prokaryotes |
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| Answer: C)Pathogens |
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| Ch1q6 The number one worldwide infectious diseases are: A)Diarrhea diseases B)AIDS related diseases C)Respiratory diseases D)Malaria diseases E)Measles |
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| Answer: C)Respiratory diseases |
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| Ch1q7 Koch's postulates are critera used to establish that: A)Microbes are found in dust particles B)A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease C)Life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms D)Microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills |
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| Answer: B)A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease |
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| Ch1q8 The SURGEON who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was: A)Joseph Lister B)Anton van Leeuwenhoek C)Ignaz Semmelwies D)Robert Koch E)Louis Pasteur |
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| Answer: A)Joseph Lister |
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| Ch1q9 Sterile refers to: A)Homogenized B)Pasteurized C)Pathogen free D)Absence of spores E)Absence of any life forms and viral particles |
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| Answer: E)Absence of any life forms and viral particles |
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| Ch1q10 Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right): A)Genus, species, family B)Family order, class C)Class, phylum, order D)Kingdom, domain, phylum E)Family, genus, species |
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| Answer: E)Family, genus, species |
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| Ch3q1 The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is: A)Infection B)Contamination C)Inoculation D)Isolation E)Immunization |
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| Answer: C)Inoculation |
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| Ch3q2 A pure culture contains: A)Only one species of microorganism B)Only bacteria C)A variety of microorganisms from one source D)A variety of species from one genus D)None of these choices are correct |
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| Answer: A)Only one species of microorganism |
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| Ch3q3 The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the: A)Streak B)Loop C)Colony D)Inoculum |
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| Answer: D)Inoculum |
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| Ch3q4 What type of isolation technique is most effective for the majority of applicationsA)Spread plate B)Streak plate C)Loop dilution D)Pour plate E)Culture plate |
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| Answer: B)Streak plate |
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| Ch3q5 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of agar as a solid mediumA)Is digested by most microbes B)Solid at room temperature C)Holds moisture D)Flexibility E)Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful to most microorganisms |
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| Answer: A)Is digested by most microbes |
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| Ch3q6 A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible, would be termed: A)Enriched B)Synthetic -or- Defined C)Complex D)None of these choices are correct E)Reducing |
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| Answer: B)Synthetic -or- Defined |
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| Ch3q7 A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanationA)The incubation temperature was incorrect B)The culture medium must be differential C)The culture medium must be selective D)The culture is contaminated E)The microbiologist used too much inoculum |
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| Answer: C)The culture medium must be selective |
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| Ch3q8 A reducing medium contains: A)Inhibitors B)Hemoglobin, vitamins, or other growth factors C)Sugars that can be fermented D)Extra oxygen E)Substances that remove oxygen |
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| Answer: E)Substances that remove oxygen |
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| Ch3q9 Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the mediumA)Reducing B)Enriched C)Enumeration D)Selective E)Differential |
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| Answer: E)Differential |
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| Ch3q10 Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed: A)Autotrophic B)Anaerobic C)Microaerophilic D)Aerobic E)Fastidious |
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| Answer: E)Fastidious |
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| Ch4q1 Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called: A)Cilia B)Fimbriae C)Periplasmic flagella (Axial filaments) D)Flagella E)Cell Membrane |
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| Answer: C)Periplasmic flagella (Axial filaments) |
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| Ch4q2 Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed: A)Chemotaxis B)Tumble C)Taxis D)Phototaxis E)Rolling |
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| Answer: A)Chemotaxis |
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| Ch4q3 Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram stainingA)None of these are correct B)Crystal violet; Iodine; Alcohol/acetone; Safranin C)Safranin; Crystal violet; Iodine; Alcohol/acetone D)Iodine; Crystal violet; Alcohol/acetone; Safranin E)Crystal violet; Alcohol/acetone; Iodine; Safranin |
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| Answer: B)Crystal violet; Iodine; Alcohol/acetone; Safranin |
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| Ch4q4 A prokaryotic cell wall that is primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is: A)Spheroplast B)Archaea C)Gram negative D)Mycobacterium E)Gram positive |
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| Answer: E)Gram positive |
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| Ch4q5 (BLANK) is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments. A)None of these are correct B)outer membrane proteins C)Mycolic acid D)Peptidoglycan E)Lysozyme |
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| Answer: D)Peptidoglycan |
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| Ch4q6 Lysozyme is most effective against: A)Gram positive organisms B)Cyanobacteria C)Archaea D)Mycoplasmas E)Gram negative organisms |
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| Answer: A)Gram positive organisms |
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| Ch4q7 Which of the following is NOT true of the outer membraneA)The inner most layer is a phospholipid bilayer B)The upper most layer is made of lipopolysaccharides C)Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane D)The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin E)The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane |
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| Answer: C)Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane |
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| Ch4q8 The primary function of bacterial endospores is: A)Sites for photosynthesis B)Convert gaseous nitrogen into a usable form for plants C)Storage of excess cell materials D)Division and growth in colony number E)Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions |
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| Answer: E)Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions |
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| Ch4q9 An irregular cluster of spherical cells would be called a/an: A)Staphylococcus B)Streptobacillus C)Sarcinia D)Streptococcus E)Palisades |
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| Answer: A)Staphylococcus |
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| Ch4q10 A patient has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be: A)Streptococcus pneumoniae B)Staphylococcus aureus C)Mycoplasma pneumoniae D)Borrelia burghdorferi E)Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| Answer: C)Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| Ch5q1 Which of the following is found in Eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cellsA)Nucleus B)Golgi C)Chloroplasts D)Lysosomes E)All of these choices are correct (all are found in eukaryotic cells and NOT in prokaryotic cells) F)Cilia G)Endoplasmic Reticulum H)Mitochondria |
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| Answer: E)All of these choices are correct (all are found in eukaryotic cells and NOT in prokaryotic cells) |
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| Ch5q2 Histones are: A)Proteins of the cytoskeleton B)Found in polyribosomes C)Enzymes in lysozomes D)Proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus |
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| Answer: D)Proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus |
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| Ch5q3 Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa of fungi (or bacteria for that matter)A)Lysozomes B)Golgi apparatus C)Chloroplasts D)Mitochondria E)Endoplasmic reticulum |
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| Answer: C)Chloroplasts |
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| Ch5q4 The cytoskeleton: A)Anchors organelles B)Provides support C)Functions in movements of the cytoplasm D)Helps maintain cell shape E)All of these answers are correct |
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| Answer: E)All of these answers are correct |
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| Ch5q5 Filamentous fungi are called (BLANK), while rounded or oval single-celled fungi are called (BLANK). A)Fungi/Molds B)budding/bacilli C)Septa/Mycelium D)Septate/Coenocytic E)Molds/yeasts |
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| Answer: E)Molds/yeasts |
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| Ch5q6 Which is NOT a characteristic of fungiA)Cells have cell walls B)Photosynthetic C)Include single-celled and filamentous forms D)Heterotrophic nutrition E)Can use a wide variety of nutrients |
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| Answer: B)Photosynthetic |
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| Ch5q7 All of the following are found in some or all of the protozoa except: A)Motility B)Ectoplasm and endoplasm C)Heterotrophic nutrition D)Formation of a cyst stage E)Cell wall |
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| Answer: E)Cell wall |
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| Ch5q8 The motile feeding stage of protozoa is called the: A)Oocyst B)Trophozoite C)Sporozoite D)Cyst E)Food vacule |
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| Answer: B)Trophozoite |
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| Ch5q9 Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through the: A)Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water B)Puncture wounds C)Insect bites D)Direct transmission from one host to another E)Needle sticks |
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| Answer: A)Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water |
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| Ch5q10 Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in the (BLANK) host; while larval development of helminths occurs in the (BLANK) host. A)Definitive/Secondary B)Transport/Primary C)Primary/Transport D)Secondary/Definitive E)Larval development and mating occur in all hosts |
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| Answer: A)Definitive/Secondary |
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| Ch6q1 Viral spikes: A)Allow bacteria to evade host defenses B)Are always present on non-enveloped viruses C)Bind viral capsid and envelope together D)Are derived from host proteins |
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| Answer: C)Bind viral capsid and envelope together |
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| Ch6q2 Which of the following represents a virus family nameA)Picornavirus B)Herpesviridae C)Hepatitis B virus D)Herpes simplex virus E)Cowpox |
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| Answer: B)Herpesviridae |
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| Ch6q3 Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during: A)Replication B)Absorption C)Penetration D)Assembly E)Release |
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| Answer: E)Release |
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| Ch6q4 In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's (BLANK), while RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's (BLANK) A)Nucleus; Endoplasmic Reticulum B)Nucleus; cytoplasm C)Cytoplasm; Nucleus D)Cell Membrane; Cytoplasm E)Cytoplasm; cell membrane |
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| Answer: B)Nucleus; cytoplasm |
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| Ch6q5 Which of the following is a cytopathic effectA)Inclusions in the nucleus B)Multinucleated giant cells C)Inclusions in the cytoplasm D)Cells round up E)All of the above choices are correct |
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| Answer: E)All of the above choices are correct |
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| Ch6q6 Viral tissue specificities are called: A)Neuraminidases B)Virions C)Tropisms D)Receptacles E)Uncoating |
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| Answer: C)Tropisms |
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| Ch6q7 Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are: A)Syncytia B)Inclusion bodies C)Chronic latent viruses D)Oncoviruses E)Acute viruses |
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| Answer: C)Chronic latent viruses |
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| Ch6q8 New, non-enveloped virus release occurs by: A)Lysis B)Budding C)Exocytosis D)Both lysis and budding E)Lysis, exocytosis, and budding are correct |
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| Answer: A)Lysis |
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| Ch6q9 Which of the following is incorrect about prophagesA)Occur when temperate phages enter host cells B)Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome C)Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny D)Cause lysis of host cells E)Present when the virus is in lysogeny |
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| Answer: D)Cause lysis of host cells |
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| Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are calledA)Pocks B)Budding C)Chemotaxis D)Plaques E)Lysogeny |
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| Answer: D)Plaques |
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| Ch7q1 An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a(n): A)Halotroph B)Chemoheterotroph C)Saprobe D)Heterotroph E)Photoautotroph |
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| Answer: E)Photoautotroph |
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| Ch7q2 Organisms called (BLANK) live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm A)Pathogens B)Facultative anaerobes C)Thermophiles D)Mesophiles E)Commensals |
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| Answer: A)Pathogens |
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| Ch7q3 When whole cells or large molecules in a solution are engulfed by a cell, this particular type of endocytosis is called: A)Facilitated transport B)Exocytosis C)Pinocytosis D)Transcytosis E)Phagocytosis |
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| Answer: E)Phagocytosis |
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| Ch7q4 Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated in several conditions; 1. On the shelf in the lab 2. In an anaerobic jar 3. In a candle jar After incubation the following results were obtained: 1. Heavy growth 2. Moderate growth 3. Moderate growth Based upon this data, this species is a(n): A)Anaerobe B)Capnophile C)Barophile D)Facultative anaerobe E)Aerobe |
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| Answer: D)Facultative anaerobe |
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| Ch7q5 All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues, part of a body in a 25*C room, suitable for growth except: A)Capnophiles B)Psychrophiles C)Facultative anaerobes D)Anaerobes E)Mesophiles |
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| Answer: B)Psychrophiles |
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| Ch7q6 What type of media is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbesA)Blood agar B)EMB C)Sulfite Poymyxin sulfadiazine D)Thioglycollate E)Sodium chloride agar |
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| Answer: D)Thioglycollate |
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| Ch7q7 The E.coli that are part of the normal microbiota of the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses, would best be termed a (BLANK) relationship: A)Commensal B)Mutualistic C)Saprobic D)Parasitic |
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| Answer: B)Mutualistic |
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| Ch7q8 The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells can vary from a few minutes to a few days. This interval is called the: A)Generation time B)Binary fission C)Lag phase D)Cell cycle E)Log growth phase |
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| Answer: A)Generation time |
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| Ch7q9 In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across an agar surface and incubated. Following incubation, each (BLANK) present represents one (BLANK) from the original sample. A)cell; cell B)cell; colony C)species; colony D)colony; cell E)generation; cell |
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| Answer: D)colony; cell |
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| Ch7q10 The National Institute of Health estimates that 80% of chronic infections are due to (BLANK), aggregations of bacteria where normal antibiotic treatments are not affective A)biofilms B)Normal microbiota C)Photosynthetic bacteria D)Mutualisms E)Saprobes |
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| Answer: A)biofilms |
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| L1q1 Which of the following is the largestA)Bacteria B)Virus C)Fungi D)Helminth |
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| Answer: D)Helminths - Worms are much larger than the others |
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| L1q2 Which of the following scientists first advocated hand-washing by health-care providers to reduce the spread of diseaseA)Louis Pasteur B)Robert Koch C)Joseph Lister D)Ignatz Semmelweiss |
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| Answer: D)Ignatz Semmelweiss |
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| L1q3 Which of these is the correct scientific name for a common laboratory bacteriumA)Escherichia Coli B)Escherichia coli (all in italics) C)Escherichia Coli (all in italics) D)Escherichia coli |
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| Answer: B)Escherichia coli (all in italics) Genus is capitalized not the species name and it should be italicized (Latin). |
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| L3q1 What term is used to describe a pile of microbes that is visible to the naked eyeA)Plaque B)Hive C)Colony D)Thallus |
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| Answer: C)Colonies are visible piles of microbial cells formed on media |
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| L3q2 When X-Gal is present in a media, lactose fermenting colonies turn blue while those that cannot ferment lactose remain white. What kind of media is nutrient agar when X-Gal is addedA)Selective B)Differential C)Enriched D)General purpose |
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| Answer: B)Differential - The difference in colony appearances makes the media differential |
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| L3q3 What wavelength of light would give the best resolution when viewed directly with your eyesA)Red (650nm) B)Yellow (570nm) C)Violet (400nm) D)Ultraviolet (260nm) |
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| Answer: C)Violet - it is the shortest VISIBLE light |
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| L3q4 Why do we use immersion oil with our 100X objective lensesA)Reduce light scatter B)Reduce illumination C)Reduce magnification D)Reduce contrast |
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| Answer: A)Reduce light scatter - more light is collected by the lens and resolution is improved |
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| L3q5 What sort of microscopes do we commonly use in laboratoryA)Simple B)Electron C)Phase contrast D)Compound |
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| Answer: D)Compound - Compound bright field microscopes are most common in microbiology labs |
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| L4q1 What term refers to cells that appear as bent rodsA)Spirillum B)Spirochete C)Vibrio D)Bacillus |
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| Answer: C)Vibrio - Vibrio is both a bacterial genus and the shape of a cell |
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| L4q2 Where would you find the genetic material of a prokaryotic cellA)Nucleus B)Nucleolus C)Nucleocapsid D)Nucleoid |
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| Answer: D)Nucleoid - the bacterial genome is located in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid |
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| L4q3 You have isolated a bacterium from your skin. Chamical analysis shows that it contains proteins, peptidoglycan, lipids, DNA, and teichoic acid. What sort of bacteria is thisA)Gram positive B)Gram negative C) Cannot tell from this information |
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| Answer: A)Gram positive - The data is most consistent with a Gram positive cell. Techoic acid is the key. |
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| L4q4 What type of flagellar arrangement has appendages at both poles of a rod-shaped cellA)Monotrichous B)Amphitrichous C)Lophotrichous D)Peritrichous |
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| Answer: B)Amphitrichous - the prefix amphi literally means both |
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| L4q5 Which of these cannot be placed on the ribosomal RNA tree of lifeA)Fungi B)Bacteria C)Archaea D)Bacteriophage |
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| Answer: D)Bacteriophage - Viruses do not contain ribosomes |
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| L5q1 What is the nature of a typical eukaryotic genomeA)Single linear DNA molecule B)Single circular DNA molecule C)Multiple linear DNA molecules D)Multiple circular DNA molecules |
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| Answer: C)Multiple linear DNA molecules - eukaryotic genomes reside on multiple linear DNA chromosomes |
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| L5q2 Which of the following is a function of the GolgiA)Lipid synthesis B)Protein secretion C)ATP synthesis D)DNA metabolism |
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| Answer: B)Protein secretion |
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| L5q3 Some eukaryotic cells do not perform aerobic respiration. Which cellular organelle can these cells do withoutA)Nucleus B)Mitochondria C)Golgi body D)Ribosome |
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| Answer: B)Mitochondria - Some protists - the excavates - seem to have lost or modified their mitochondria for this reason |
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| L5q4 Which would not be found in a fungal cellA)Cell wall B)Nucleus C)Chloroplasts D)80S Ribosomes |
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| Answer: C)Chloroplasts - The fungi are non-photosynthetic |
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| L5q5 Which group of microbes usually does NOT have a cell wallA)Bacteria B)Fungi C)Algae D)Protozoa |
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| Answer: D)Protozoa - Some contain a band of flexible proteins called the pellicle |
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| L5q6 What group of Helminths includes the round wormsA)Flukes B)Nematodes C)Trematodes D)Cestodes |
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| Answer: B)Nematodes - the round worms are placed in the Phylum Aschelminthes |
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| L6q1 What is the protein shell that surround a viral genome calledA)Envelope B)Capsid C)Core D)Cortex |
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| Answer: B)Capsid - the viral genome is packaged in a capsid |
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| L6q2 What is the lipid membrane that surround some viruses calledA)Capsid B)Envelope C)Outer membrane D)Capsule |
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| Answer: B)Envelope - some viruses of eukaryotic cells steal some host membrane during budding |
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| L6q3 What type of genetic material does the influenza virus containA)DS DNA B)DS RNA C)SS(+)RNA D)SS(-)RNA |
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| Answer: D)SS(-)RNA - The influenza virus contains eight pieces of ss(-)RNA |
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| L6q4 Corynebacterium diphtheriae becomes more pathogenic when a bacteriophage called beta is incorporated into its genome. What is this process calledA)Transposition B)Transformation C)Lysogenic conversion D)Lytic cycle |
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| Answer: C)Lysogenic conversion - the bacterium has been converted to a more toxic form by the incorporated viral genes |
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| L6q5 How are the infectious cycles of viruses different in bacterial and eukaryotic host cellsA)The virus genome does not enter a eukaryote B)The virus genome does not enter a bacterium C)The capsid does not enter a eukaryote D)The capsid does not enter a bacterium |
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| Answer: D)The capsid does not enter a bacterium - The genome is injected into the bacterial cell by the capsid; it remains outside |
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| L7q1 What are the osmotic conditions in jellies and jams compared to the bacterial cytoplasmA)Jelly is hypertonic to the cytoplasm B)Jelly is isotonic to the cytoplasm C)Jelly is hypotonic to the cytoplasm |
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| Answer: A)Jelly is hypertonic to the cytoplasm - The high amount of sugar in jellies and jams actually inhibits microbial growth |
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| L7q2 Facilitated diffusion (BLANK)A)Requires a carrier and energy B)requires a carrier but not energy C)Requires neither a carrier nor energy D)Modifies the substrate during transport |
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| Answer: B)Requires a carrier but not energy - this is how our cells take up glucose and how bacterial porins work. |
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| L7q3 What sort of microbe only grows in the presence of oxygenA)Anaerobe B)Facultative anaerobe C)Aerobe D)Halophile |
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| Answer: C)Aerobe - like us, these microbes use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor |
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| L7q4 What sort of microbe only grows in the presence of elevated salt concentrationsA)Anaerobe B)Facultative anaerobe C)Aerobe D)Halophile |
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| Answer: D)Halophile |
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| L7q5 If you have 100 bacteria with a doubling time of 20 minutes in media, how many cells would there be in two hours under optimal growth conditionsA)600 B)1,200 C)3,200 D)6,400 |
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| Answer: D)6,400 - The bacteria would undergo six doublings |
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| L7q6 During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is the growth curve increasing geometrically? A)Lag phase B)Log growth phase C)Stationary phase D)Death phase |
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| Answer: B)Log growth phase |
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| L7q7 Suppose that you have a suspension that contains both live and dead microbial cells. What method would be best to determine the number of liveA)Cytometer B)Coulter counter C)Spectrophotometer D)Colony counts after dilution |
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| Answer: D)Colony counts after dilution - all other methods will not be able to discriminate between live and dead without some sort of tag |
