Microbiology Test 1 Chaps 1,3-7 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Ch1q1
Which activity is an example of biotechnologyA)Genetically modifying Escherichia coli to produce human insulin
B)Using yeast to make bread at home
C)The natural activity of many soil bacteria to secrete chemical compounds that kill competing organisms
D)Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community
answer
Answer:
A)Genetically modifying Escherichia coli to produce human insulin
question
Ch1q2
The Study of the immune response to infection caused by microorganisms is:
A)Physiology
B)Geomicrobiology
C)Immunology
D)Epidemiology
answer
Answer:
C)Immunology
question
Ch1q3
The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called:
A)Pathogens
B)Fermenters
C)Eukaryotes
D)Prokaryotes
E)Decomposers
answer
Answer:
D)Prokaryotes
question
Ch1q4
Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of:
A)Decomposition
B)Bioremediation
C)Cladistics
D)Epidemiology
E)Immunology
answer
Answer:
B)Bioremediation
question
Ch1q5
Disease causing organisms are called:
A)Eukaryotes
B)Decomposers
C)Pathogens
D)Fermenters
E)Prokaryotes
answer
Answer:
C)Pathogens
question
Ch1q6
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are:
A)Diarrhea diseases
B)AIDS related diseases
C)Respiratory diseases
D)Malaria diseases
E)Measles
answer
Answer:
C)Respiratory diseases
question
Ch1q7
Koch's postulates are critera used to establish that:
A)Microbes are found in dust particles
B)A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
C)Life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
D)Microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
answer
Answer:
B)A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
question
Ch1q8
The SURGEON who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was:
A)Joseph Lister
B)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C)Ignaz Semmelwies
D)Robert Koch
E)Louis Pasteur
answer
Answer:
A)Joseph Lister
question
Ch1q9
Sterile refers to:
A)Homogenized
B)Pasteurized
C)Pathogen free
D)Absence of spores
E)Absence of any life forms and viral particles
answer
Answer:
E)Absence of any life forms and viral particles
question
Ch1q10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right):
A)Genus, species, family
B)Family order, class
C)Class, phylum, order
D)Kingdom, domain, phylum
E)Family, genus, species
answer
Answer:
E)Family, genus, species
question
Ch3q1
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is:
A)Infection
B)Contamination
C)Inoculation
D)Isolation
E)Immunization
answer
Answer:
C)Inoculation
question
Ch3q2
A pure culture contains:
A)Only one species of microorganism
B)Only bacteria
C)A variety of microorganisms from one source
D)A variety of species from one genus
D)None of these choices are correct
answer
Answer:
A)Only one species of microorganism
question
Ch3q3
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the:
A)Streak
B)Loop
C)Colony
D)Inoculum
answer
Answer:
D)Inoculum
question
Ch3q4
What type of isolation technique is most effective for the majority of applicationsA)Spread plate
B)Streak plate
C)Loop dilution
D)Pour plate
E)Culture plate
answer
Answer:
B)Streak plate
question
Ch3q5
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of agar as a solid mediumA)Is digested by most microbes
B)Solid at room temperature
C)Holds moisture
D)Flexibility
E)Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful to most microorganisms
answer
Answer:
A)Is digested by most microbes
question
Ch3q6
A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible, would be termed:
A)Enriched
B)Synthetic -or- Defined
C)Complex
D)None of these choices are correct
E)Reducing
answer
Answer:
B)Synthetic -or- Defined
question
Ch3q7
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanationA)The incubation temperature was incorrect
B)The culture medium must be differential
C)The culture medium must be selective
D)The culture is contaminated
E)The microbiologist used too much inoculum
answer
Answer:
C)The culture medium must be selective
question
Ch3q8
A reducing medium contains:
A)Inhibitors
B)Hemoglobin, vitamins, or other growth factors
C)Sugars that can be fermented
D)Extra oxygen
E)Substances that remove oxygen
answer
Answer:
E)Substances that remove oxygen
question
Ch3q9
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the mediumA)Reducing
B)Enriched
C)Enumeration
D)Selective
E)Differential
answer
Answer:
E)Differential
question
Ch3q10
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed:
A)Autotrophic
B)Anaerobic
C)Microaerophilic
D)Aerobic
E)Fastidious
answer
Answer:
E)Fastidious
question
Ch4q1
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called:
A)Cilia
B)Fimbriae
C)Periplasmic flagella (Axial filaments)
D)Flagella
E)Cell Membrane
answer
Answer:
C)Periplasmic flagella (Axial filaments)
question
Ch4q2
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed:
A)Chemotaxis
B)Tumble
C)Taxis
D)Phototaxis
E)Rolling
answer
Answer:
A)Chemotaxis
question
Ch4q3
Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram stainingA)None of these are correct
B)Crystal violet; Iodine; Alcohol/acetone; Safranin
C)Safranin; Crystal violet; Iodine; Alcohol/acetone
D)Iodine; Crystal violet; Alcohol/acetone; Safranin
E)Crystal violet; Alcohol/acetone; Iodine; Safranin
answer
Answer:
B)Crystal violet; Iodine; Alcohol/acetone; Safranin
question
Ch4q4
A prokaryotic cell wall that is primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is:
A)Spheroplast
B)Archaea
C)Gram negative
D)Mycobacterium
E)Gram positive
answer
Answer:
E)Gram positive
question
Ch4q5
(BLANK) is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.
A)None of these are correct
B)outer membrane proteins
C)Mycolic acid
D)Peptidoglycan
E)Lysozyme
answer
Answer:
D)Peptidoglycan
question
Ch4q6
Lysozyme is most effective against:
A)Gram positive organisms
B)Cyanobacteria
C)Archaea
D)Mycoplasmas
E)Gram negative organisms
answer
Answer:
A)Gram positive organisms
question
Ch4q7
Which of the following is NOT true of the outer membraneA)The inner most layer is a phospholipid bilayer
B)The upper most layer is made of lipopolysaccharides
C)Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane
D)The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin
E)The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane
answer
Answer:
C)Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane
question
Ch4q8
The primary function of bacterial endospores is:
A)Sites for photosynthesis
B)Convert gaseous nitrogen into a usable form for plants
C)Storage of excess cell materials
D)Division and growth in colony number
E)Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
answer
Answer:
E)Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
question
Ch4q9
An irregular cluster of spherical cells would be called a/an:
A)Staphylococcus
B)Streptobacillus
C)Sarcinia
D)Streptococcus
E)Palisades
answer
Answer:
A)Staphylococcus
question
Ch4q10
A patient has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be:
A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D)Borrelia burghdorferi
E)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
answer
Answer:
C)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
question
Ch5q1
Which of the following is found in Eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cellsA)Nucleus
B)Golgi
C)Chloroplasts
D)Lysosomes
E)All of these choices are correct (all are found in eukaryotic cells and NOT in prokaryotic cells)
F)Cilia
G)Endoplasmic Reticulum
H)Mitochondria
answer
Answer:
E)All of these choices are correct (all are found in eukaryotic cells and NOT in prokaryotic cells)
question
Ch5q2
Histones are:
A)Proteins of the cytoskeleton
B)Found in polyribosomes
C)Enzymes in lysozomes
D)Proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
answer
Answer:
D)Proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
question
Ch5q3
Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa of fungi (or bacteria for that matter)A)Lysozomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Chloroplasts
D)Mitochondria
E)Endoplasmic reticulum
answer
Answer:
C)Chloroplasts
question
Ch5q4
The cytoskeleton:
A)Anchors organelles
B)Provides support
C)Functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D)Helps maintain cell shape
E)All of these answers are correct
answer
Answer:
E)All of these answers are correct
question
Ch5q5
Filamentous fungi are called (BLANK), while rounded or oval single-celled fungi are called (BLANK).
A)Fungi/Molds
B)budding/bacilli
C)Septa/Mycelium
D)Septate/Coenocytic
E)Molds/yeasts
answer
Answer:
E)Molds/yeasts
question
Ch5q6
Which is NOT a characteristic of fungiA)Cells have cell walls
B)Photosynthetic
C)Include single-celled and filamentous forms
D)Heterotrophic nutrition
E)Can use a wide variety of nutrients
answer
Answer:
B)Photosynthetic
question
Ch5q7
All of the following are found in some or all of the protozoa except:
A)Motility
B)Ectoplasm and endoplasm
C)Heterotrophic nutrition
D)Formation of a cyst stage
E)Cell wall
answer
Answer:
E)Cell wall
question
Ch5q8
The motile feeding stage of protozoa is called the:
A)Oocyst
B)Trophozoite
C)Sporozoite
D)Cyst
E)Food vacule
answer
Answer:
B)Trophozoite
question
Ch5q9
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through the:
A)Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water
B)Puncture wounds
C)Insect bites
D)Direct transmission from one host to another
E)Needle sticks
answer
Answer:
A)Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water
question
Ch5q10
Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in the (BLANK) host; while larval development of helminths occurs in the (BLANK) host.
A)Definitive/Secondary
B)Transport/Primary
C)Primary/Transport
D)Secondary/Definitive
E)Larval development and mating occur in all hosts
answer
Answer:
A)Definitive/Secondary
question
Ch6q1
Viral spikes:
A)Allow bacteria to evade host defenses
B)Are always present on non-enveloped viruses
C)Bind viral capsid and envelope together
D)Are derived from host proteins
answer
Answer:
C)Bind viral capsid and envelope together
question
Ch6q2
Which of the following represents a virus family nameA)Picornavirus
B)Herpesviridae
C)Hepatitis B virus
D)Herpes simplex virus
E)Cowpox
answer
Answer:
B)Herpesviridae
question
Ch6q3
Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during:
A)Replication
B)Absorption
C)Penetration
D)Assembly
E)Release
answer
Answer:
E)Release
question
Ch6q4
In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's (BLANK), while RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's (BLANK)
A)Nucleus; Endoplasmic Reticulum
B)Nucleus; cytoplasm
C)Cytoplasm; Nucleus
D)Cell Membrane; Cytoplasm
E)Cytoplasm; cell membrane
answer
Answer:
B)Nucleus; cytoplasm
question
Ch6q5
Which of the following is a cytopathic effectA)Inclusions in the nucleus
B)Multinucleated giant cells
C)Inclusions in the cytoplasm
D)Cells round up
E)All of the above choices are correct
answer
Answer:
E)All of the above choices are correct
question
Ch6q6
Viral tissue specificities are called:
A)Neuraminidases
B)Virions
C)Tropisms
D)Receptacles
E)Uncoating
answer
Answer:
C)Tropisms
question
Ch6q7
Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are:
A)Syncytia
B)Inclusion bodies
C)Chronic latent viruses
D)Oncoviruses
E)Acute viruses
answer
Answer:
C)Chronic latent viruses
question
Ch6q8
New, non-enveloped virus release occurs by:
A)Lysis
B)Budding
C)Exocytosis
D)Both lysis and budding
E)Lysis, exocytosis, and budding are correct
answer
Answer:
A)Lysis
question
Ch6q9
Which of the following is incorrect about prophagesA)Occur when temperate phages enter host cells
B)Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome
C)Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny
D)Cause lysis of host cells
E)Present when the virus is in lysogeny
answer
Answer:
D)Cause lysis of host cells
question
Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are calledA)Pocks
B)Budding
C)Chemotaxis
D)Plaques
E)Lysogeny
answer
Answer:
D)Plaques
question
Ch7q1
An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a(n):
A)Halotroph
B)Chemoheterotroph
C)Saprobe
D)Heterotroph
E)Photoautotroph
answer
Answer:
E)Photoautotroph
question
Ch7q2
Organisms called (BLANK) live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm
A)Pathogens
B)Facultative anaerobes
C)Thermophiles
D)Mesophiles
E)Commensals
answer
Answer:
A)Pathogens
question
Ch7q3
When whole cells or large molecules in a solution are engulfed by a cell, this particular type of endocytosis is called:
A)Facilitated transport
B)Exocytosis
C)Pinocytosis
D)Transcytosis
E)Phagocytosis
answer
Answer:
E)Phagocytosis
question
Ch7q4
Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated in several conditions;
1. On the shelf in the lab
2. In an anaerobic jar
3. In a candle jar

After incubation the following results were obtained:
1. Heavy growth
2. Moderate growth
3. Moderate growth

Based upon this data, this species is a(n):
A)Anaerobe
B)Capnophile
C)Barophile
D)Facultative anaerobe
E)Aerobe
answer
Answer:
D)Facultative anaerobe
question
Ch7q5
All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues, part of a body in a 25*C room, suitable for growth except:
A)Capnophiles
B)Psychrophiles
C)Facultative anaerobes
D)Anaerobes
E)Mesophiles
answer
Answer:
B)Psychrophiles
question
Ch7q6
What type of media is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbesA)Blood agar
B)EMB
C)Sulfite Poymyxin sulfadiazine
D)Thioglycollate
E)Sodium chloride agar
answer
Answer:
D)Thioglycollate
question
Ch7q7
The E.coli that are part of the normal microbiota of the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses, would best be termed a (BLANK) relationship:
A)Commensal
B)Mutualistic
C)Saprobic
D)Parasitic
answer
Answer:
B)Mutualistic
question
Ch7q8
The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells can vary from a few minutes to a few days. This interval is called the:
A)Generation time
B)Binary fission
C)Lag phase
D)Cell cycle
E)Log growth phase
answer
Answer:
A)Generation time
question
Ch7q9
In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across an agar surface and incubated. Following incubation, each (BLANK) present represents one (BLANK) from the original sample.
A)cell; cell
B)cell; colony
C)species; colony
D)colony; cell
E)generation; cell
answer
Answer:
D)colony; cell
question
Ch7q10
The National Institute of Health estimates that 80% of chronic infections are due to (BLANK), aggregations of bacteria where normal antibiotic treatments are not affective
A)biofilms
B)Normal microbiota
C)Photosynthetic bacteria
D)Mutualisms
E)Saprobes
answer
Answer:
A)biofilms
question
L1q1
Which of the following is the largestA)Bacteria
B)Virus
C)Fungi
D)Helminth
answer
Answer:
D)Helminths - Worms are much larger than the others
question
L1q2
Which of the following scientists first advocated hand-washing by health-care providers to reduce the spread of diseaseA)Louis Pasteur
B)Robert Koch
C)Joseph Lister
D)Ignatz Semmelweiss
answer
Answer:
D)Ignatz Semmelweiss
question
L1q3
Which of these is the correct scientific name for a common laboratory bacteriumA)Escherichia Coli
B)Escherichia coli (all in italics)
C)Escherichia Coli (all in italics)
D)Escherichia coli
answer
Answer:
B)Escherichia coli (all in italics)
Genus is capitalized not the species name and it should be italicized (Latin).
question
L3q1
What term is used to describe a pile of microbes that is visible to the naked eyeA)Plaque
B)Hive
C)Colony
D)Thallus
answer
Answer:
C)Colonies are visible piles of microbial cells formed on media
question
L3q2
When X-Gal is present in a media, lactose fermenting colonies turn blue while those that cannot ferment lactose remain white. What kind of media is nutrient agar when X-Gal is addedA)Selective
B)Differential
C)Enriched
D)General purpose
answer
Answer:
B)Differential - The difference in colony appearances makes the media differential
question
L3q3
What wavelength of light would give the best resolution when viewed directly with your eyesA)Red (650nm)
B)Yellow (570nm)
C)Violet (400nm)
D)Ultraviolet (260nm)
answer
Answer:
C)Violet - it is the shortest VISIBLE light
question
L3q4
Why do we use immersion oil with our 100X objective lensesA)Reduce light scatter
B)Reduce illumination
C)Reduce magnification
D)Reduce contrast
answer
Answer:
A)Reduce light scatter - more light is collected by the lens and resolution is improved
question
L3q5
What sort of microscopes do we commonly use in laboratoryA)Simple
B)Electron
C)Phase contrast
D)Compound
answer
Answer:
D)Compound - Compound bright field microscopes are most common in microbiology labs
question
L4q1
What term refers to cells that appear as bent rodsA)Spirillum
B)Spirochete
C)Vibrio
D)Bacillus
answer
Answer:
C)Vibrio - Vibrio is both a bacterial genus and the shape of a cell
question
L4q2
Where would you find the genetic material of a prokaryotic cellA)Nucleus
B)Nucleolus
C)Nucleocapsid
D)Nucleoid
answer
Answer:
D)Nucleoid - the bacterial genome is located in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid
question
L4q3
You have isolated a bacterium from your skin. Chamical analysis shows that it contains proteins, peptidoglycan, lipids, DNA, and teichoic acid. What sort of bacteria is thisA)Gram positive
B)Gram negative
C) Cannot tell from this information
answer
Answer:
A)Gram positive - The data is most consistent with a Gram positive cell. Techoic acid is the key.
question
L4q4
What type of flagellar arrangement has appendages at both poles of a rod-shaped cellA)Monotrichous
B)Amphitrichous
C)Lophotrichous
D)Peritrichous
answer
Answer:
B)Amphitrichous - the prefix amphi literally means both
question
L4q5
Which of these cannot be placed on the ribosomal RNA tree of lifeA)Fungi
B)Bacteria
C)Archaea
D)Bacteriophage
answer
Answer:
D)Bacteriophage - Viruses do not contain ribosomes
question
L5q1
What is the nature of a typical eukaryotic genomeA)Single linear DNA molecule
B)Single circular DNA molecule
C)Multiple linear DNA molecules
D)Multiple circular DNA molecules
answer
Answer:
C)Multiple linear DNA molecules - eukaryotic genomes reside on multiple linear DNA chromosomes
question
L5q2
Which of the following is a function of the GolgiA)Lipid synthesis
B)Protein secretion
C)ATP synthesis
D)DNA metabolism
answer
Answer:
B)Protein secretion
question
L5q3
Some eukaryotic cells do not perform aerobic respiration. Which cellular organelle can these cells do withoutA)Nucleus
B)Mitochondria
C)Golgi body
D)Ribosome
answer
Answer:
B)Mitochondria - Some protists - the excavates - seem to have lost or modified their mitochondria for this reason
question
L5q4
Which would not be found in a fungal cellA)Cell wall
B)Nucleus
C)Chloroplasts
D)80S Ribosomes
answer
Answer:
C)Chloroplasts - The fungi are non-photosynthetic
question
L5q5
Which group of microbes usually does NOT have a cell wallA)Bacteria
B)Fungi
C)Algae
D)Protozoa
answer
Answer:
D)Protozoa - Some contain a band of flexible proteins called the pellicle
question
L5q6
What group of Helminths includes the round wormsA)Flukes
B)Nematodes
C)Trematodes
D)Cestodes
answer
Answer:
B)Nematodes - the round worms are placed in the Phylum Aschelminthes
question
L6q1
What is the protein shell that surround a viral genome calledA)Envelope
B)Capsid
C)Core
D)Cortex
answer
Answer:
B)Capsid - the viral genome is packaged in a capsid
question
L6q2
What is the lipid membrane that surround some viruses calledA)Capsid
B)Envelope
C)Outer membrane
D)Capsule
answer
Answer:
B)Envelope - some viruses of eukaryotic cells steal some host membrane during budding
question
L6q3
What type of genetic material does the influenza virus containA)DS DNA
B)DS RNA
C)SS(+)RNA
D)SS(-)RNA
answer
Answer:
D)SS(-)RNA - The influenza virus contains eight pieces of ss(-)RNA
question
L6q4
Corynebacterium diphtheriae becomes more pathogenic when a bacteriophage called beta is incorporated into its genome. What is this process calledA)Transposition
B)Transformation
C)Lysogenic conversion
D)Lytic cycle
answer
Answer:
C)Lysogenic conversion - the bacterium has been converted to a more toxic form by the incorporated viral genes
question
L6q5
How are the infectious cycles of viruses different in bacterial and eukaryotic host cellsA)The virus genome does not enter a eukaryote
B)The virus genome does not enter a bacterium
C)The capsid does not enter a eukaryote
D)The capsid does not enter a bacterium
answer
Answer:
D)The capsid does not enter a bacterium - The genome is injected into the bacterial cell by the capsid; it remains outside
question
L7q1
What are the osmotic conditions in jellies and jams compared to the bacterial cytoplasmA)Jelly is hypertonic to the cytoplasm
B)Jelly is isotonic to the cytoplasm
C)Jelly is hypotonic to the cytoplasm
answer
Answer:
A)Jelly is hypertonic to the cytoplasm - The high amount of sugar in jellies and jams actually inhibits microbial growth
question
L7q2
Facilitated diffusion (BLANK)A)Requires a carrier and energy
B)requires a carrier but not energy
C)Requires neither a carrier nor energy
D)Modifies the substrate during transport
answer
Answer:
B)Requires a carrier but not energy - this is how our cells take up glucose and how bacterial porins work.
question
L7q3
What sort of microbe only grows in the presence of oxygenA)Anaerobe
B)Facultative anaerobe
C)Aerobe
D)Halophile
answer
Answer:
C)Aerobe - like us, these microbes use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
question
L7q4
What sort of microbe only grows in the presence of elevated salt concentrationsA)Anaerobe
B)Facultative anaerobe
C)Aerobe
D)Halophile
answer
Answer:
D)Halophile
question
L7q5
If you have 100 bacteria with a doubling time of 20 minutes in media, how many cells would there be in two hours under optimal growth conditionsA)600
B)1,200
C)3,200
D)6,400
answer
Answer:
D)6,400 - The bacteria would undergo six doublings
question
L7q6
During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is the growth curve increasing geometrically?
A)Lag phase
B)Log growth phase
C)Stationary phase
D)Death phase
answer
Answer:
B)Log growth phase
question
L7q7
Suppose that you have a suspension that contains both live and dead microbial cells. What method would be best to determine the number of liveA)Cytometer
B)Coulter counter
C)Spectrophotometer
D)Colony counts after dilution
answer
Answer:
D)Colony counts after dilution - all other methods will not be able to discriminate between live and dead without some sort of tag
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New