Microbiology First Aid – Flashcards
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| Unique to gram positive organisms |
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| Lipoteichoic acid and Cell wall |
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| Unique to gram negative organisms |
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| Endotoxin/LPS |
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| Gram Positve Cocci |
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| Streph/Staph |
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| Gram postive bacillus (rods) |
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| Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Bacillus |
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| Gram positive branching filaments |
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| Antinomyces, Nocardia |
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| No cell wall |
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| Mycoplasma |
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| Gram negative coccus |
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| Neisseria |
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| Gram negative bacillus |
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| Enterics, haemophilus, legionella, bordetella, brucella, pasteurella, bartonella, gardernella |
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| Pleomorphic gram negatives |
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| rickettsiae, chlamydiae |
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| Spiral gram negatives |
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| leptospria, borrelia, treponema |
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| Mycoplasma contain: |
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| Sterols with no cell wall |
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| Mycobacteria contains: |
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| Mycolic acid with high lipid content |
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| What five bugs do not stain well with Gram staining? (These rascals may microscopically lack color) |
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| Trepnema, Rickettsia (intracellular), mycobacteria (needs acid fast stain), Mycoplasma (no cell wall), Legionella (intracellular), Chlamydia (intracellular and lacks muramic acid) |
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| Stain with giemsa |
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| Borellia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia |
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| Stains with PAS |
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| Tropheryma whippelii (stains due to glycogen and mps) |
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| Ziehl-Neelsen |
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| Acid fast organisms |
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| Which organisms are acid fast? |
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| Mycobacterium and nocardia (weak) |
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| Silver stain |
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| Legionella |
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| Indian Ink |
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| Cryptococcus neoformans |
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| H Influenza culture special |
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| Chocolate Agar with factors X and V |
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| N. gonorrhoeae culture special |
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| Thayer-Martin agar or VPN (vanco,polymyxin,nystatin) |
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| Bortella pertussis special culture |
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| Bordet-Gengou agar |
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| C. Diptheria cultured on |
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| Telluright agar, Loffler's media |
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| M. pneumonia culture on |
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| Eaton's Agar |
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| Legionella culture on |
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| Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cystein and iron |
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| Fungi cultured on |
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| Sabouraud's agar |
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| Obligate Aerobes |
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| Nocardia, P.aeruginosa, Myco tb, and bacillus (Nagging pests must breath) |
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| Obligate anaerobes |
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| Clostridium, bacteroides, actinomyces Cant breath Air |
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| Obligate intracellular bugs |
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| Rickettsia, Chlamydia Stay inside when its Really Cold |
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| Facultative intracellular |
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| Salmonella, neisseria, brucella, mycobacterium, listeria, francisella, legionella, yersina pestis Some nasty bugs may live FacultativeLY |
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| Inactivate EF2 leading to no protein synthesis |
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| Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diptheria toxin) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Exotoxin A) |
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| Inactivate 60s ribosome by cleaving rRNA |
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| Sigella and Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli |
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| Over activates cAMP leading to Cl- and H20 loss into the gut |
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| LT- Heat Liable toxin of Enterotoxigenic E. Coli |
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| Overactivates cGMP leading to decreased reaborbtion of NACL and H20 in the gut |
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| ST- Heat Stable toxin of enterotoxigenic E. Coli |
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| Yersinia enterocolitica exotoxin |
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| ST-Heat stable Toxin- leads to dysentery |
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| Bacillus anthracis exotoxin leading to black eschar on skin |
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| Edema factor- elevates cAMP |
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| Vibro cholerae exotoxin |
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| Over-activates G(stim) protein leading to excessive cAMP production: Cholerae Toxin |
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| Bortella pertussis toxin |
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| overactivates adenylate cyclase by blocking G(inhib) and blocking phagocytosis |
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| Clostridium tetani: Tetanospasmin |
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| prevents release of GABA and Glycine |
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| Clostridium botulinum: Botulinum toxin |
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| Blocks the release of Ach at musculoskeletal junction leading to paralysis |
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| Clostridium perfringens: Alpha toxin |
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| degrades tissue and cell membranes |
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| Strep. pyogens: Streptolysin O |
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| Protein degrades cell membrane by introducing holes |
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| Streptococcus pyogens: Exotonin A |
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| Brings MHCII and TCR close to increase IFN-gamma and IL-2 leading to shock |
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| S. aureus: TSST1 |
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| fever, rash, shock |
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| Exfoliative toxin |
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| Ritter's Syndrome babies |
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| Enterotoxin of s. aureus |
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| food poisoning |
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| Where do you find endotoxins |
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| Gram negative outer membranes |
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| IL-1 leads to |
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| fever |
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| TNF leads to |
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| fever, hemorrhagic tissue necrosis |
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| NO leads to: |
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| hypotension and shock |
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| C3a activation causes |
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| Hypotension and edema |
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| C5a activation |
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| neutrophil chemotaxis |
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| Activation of Hageman factor |
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| DIC |
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| Novobincin Resistant |
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| Staph Saprophyticus |
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| Novobincin Sensitive |
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| Staph Epidermis |
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| Optochin Sensitive |
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| Strep. Pneumoniae |
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| Optochin resistant |
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| Strep. Viridans |
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| Bactracin Resistant |
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| Streph agalactiae |
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| Bactracin Sensititve |
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| Strep. Pyogens |
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| Green Rings on blood agar |
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| Alpha hemolysis (streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci: both catalase negative) |
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| Clear hemolysis on blood agar: Beta hemolysis |
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| S.Aureus, S. pyogens, S. agalactiae, listeria monocytogenes |
