question

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages "except"

answer

Cilia

question

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called?

answer

Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

question

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

answer

Fimbriae

question

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called?

answer

Sex pili

question

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is?

answer

peritrichous

question

The outcome of the Graim stain is based on differences in the cell's

answer

Cell Wall

question

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosome would be

answer

Protein synthesis would stop

question

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has

answer

Flagella

question

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized

answer

Capsule

question

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

answer

Cell Walls

question

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease EXCEPT

answer

Capsule

question

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

answer

Gram Positive

question

A bacterial genus that has a waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

answer

Mycobacterium

question

All of the following pertain to endotoxins EXCEPT

answer

Found in acid fast bacterial cell walls

question

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is?

answer

Predominance of unique, waxy, lipids

question

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of?

answer

Gram negative bacteria

question

The site for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is the

answer

Cell membrane

question

The function of bacterial endospores is

answer

Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

question

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. what is the identity of this structure?

answer

Endospore

question

Endospores are?

answer

Metabolically inactive
Resistant to heat & chemical destruction
Resistant to destruction by radiation
Living Structures
(all are correct)

question

Bacterial endospores are not produced by

answer

Staphylococcus

question

Which term is NOT used to describe bacterial cell shapes

answer

tetrad

question

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

answer

Specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens

question

An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine

answer

Nitrogen base sequence of rRNA

question

Which is mismatched?

answer

a) Gracilicutes - gram - cell walls
b) Firmicutes - gram + cell walls
c) Tenericutes - waxy acid fast cell walls
d) Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls
e) none of the above
**The Answer is "C"

question

The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions and systs would be associated with

answer

Cyanobacteria

question

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacteria cell walls, T/F

answer

False

question

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-Forms lack cell walls, T/F

answer

True

question

Gram negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, T/F

answer

False

question

Hot carbol fushsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain, T/F

answer

True

question

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane, T/F

answer

True

question

The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions, T/F

answer

True

question

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease, T/F

answer

True

question

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain, T/F

answer

False

question

If you observe rod shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin, T/F

answer

False

question

The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells, T/F

answer

False

question

Viruses have all of the following EXCEPT

answer

a) definite shape
b) metabolism
c) genes
d) ability to infect host cells
e) ultramicroscopic size
**Answer is "B" Metabolism

question

Host cells of viruses include

answer

a) human and other animals
b) plants and fungi
c) bacteria
d) protozoa and algae
e) all of the above
**Answer is "E" all of the above

question

The core of every virus particle always contains

answer

either DNA or RNA

question

Classification of viruses into families involves determining all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

answer

Biochemical reactions

question

Which of the following represents a virus family name?

answer

Herpesviridae

question

Viruse capsids are made from subunits called

answer

Capsomeres

question

Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus

answer

Capsid

question

All of the following pertain to virus envelopes EXCEPT

answer

Located between the capsid and nucleic acid

question

Which of the following is NOT associated with every virus

answer

Envelope

question

These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors

answer

Tail fibers

question

Which is incorrect about prophages

answer

Cause lysis of host cells

question

T-Even phages

answer

Infect Escherichia coli cells

question

The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is

answer

Adsorption, penetration, replication, assembly, maturation, release

question

The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is

answer

Injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell

question

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during

answer

Release

question

which of the following will NOT support viral cultivation

answer

Blood agar

question

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____

answer

nucleus, cytoplasm

question

Host range is limited by

answer

Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane

question

The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope is called

answer

Plaques

question

Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called

answer

Plaques

question

Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called

answer

Pocks

question

viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called

answer

latent

question

Oncogenic viruses include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

measles virus

question

Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect?

answer

a) inclusions in the nucleus
b) multinucleated giant cell
c) inclusions in the cytoplasm
d) cells round up
e) all of the above
**Answer is "E" all of the above

question

Infectious protein particles are called

answer

Prions

question

Infectious naked strands of RNA are called

answer

viroids

question

Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is

answer

A spongiform encephalopathy of humans

question

A naked virus does not have an envelope, T/F

answer

True

question

viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2?m to 450?m, T/F

answer

False

question

Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid, T/F

answer

False

question

Prophages can be activated into viral replication and entering the lytic cycle, t/F

answer

True

question

a specific animal virus has the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell, T/F

answer

False

question

Each virus is assigned to genus status based on its host, target tissue, and type of disease it causes, T/F

answer

True

question

Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration, T/F

answer

False

question

when a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell, T/F

answer

True

question

Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis, T/F

answer

False

question

Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections, T/F

answer

True

question

One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as an _______ capsid

answer

Icosahedral

question

A _______ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus

answer

Capsid

question

Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called ________

answer

Phage

question

Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patients blood for specific _________ that the immune system produced against the virus.

answer

Antibodies

question

Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called ________, and the infectious RNA strands called _______

answer

prion, viroids

question

During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the bacterial ____ ___________

answer

Host chromosome

question

A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use in vitro systems called _______ cultures

answer

Cell

question

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cell from rupturing is

answer

Cell Walls

question

The periplasmic space is?

answer

An important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell

question

The bacterial chromosome

answer

a) is located in the cell membrane
b) contains all the cell's plasmids
c) is part of the nucleoid
d) forms a single linear strand of DNA
e) all choices are correct
**Answer is "E" all choices are correct

question

Which is mismatched

answer

a) ribosomes - protein synthesis
b) inclusions - excess cell nutrients & materials
c) plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
d) nucleoid - hereditary material
e) cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution

question

Magnetosomes are?

answer

Composed of magnetic iron oxide particles

question

Which is mismatched?

answer

a) chlamydias-lack ability to independently complete grown & metabolism
b) Green sulfur bacteria - photosynthetic anaerobes that use sulfur in metabolism
c) Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic, photosynthetic bacteria
d) Myxobacteria - gliding, fruiting, slime bacteria
e) none are correct

question

If during the gram stain procedure, the bacterial cell were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram positive cells would be purple but gram negative cells would be colorless, T/F

answer

False

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