Microbiology CH 4,5,6 – Flashcards
87 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 87question
The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is? |
answer
peritrichous |
Unlock the answer
question
The outcome of the Graim stain is based on differences in the cell's |
answer
Cell Wall |
Unlock the answer
question
The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosome would be |
answer
Protein synthesis would stop |
Unlock the answer
question
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has |
answer
Flagella |
Unlock the answer
question
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized |
answer
Capsule |
Unlock the answer
question
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial |
answer
Cell Walls |
Unlock the answer
question
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease EXCEPT |
answer
Capsule |
Unlock the answer
question
A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is |
answer
Gram Positive |
Unlock the answer
question
A bacterial genus that has a waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is |
answer
Mycobacterium |
Unlock the answer
question
All of the following pertain to endotoxins EXCEPT |
answer
Found in acid fast bacterial cell walls |
Unlock the answer
question
The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is? |
answer
Predominance of unique, waxy, lipids |
Unlock the answer
question
Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of? |
answer
Gram negative bacteria |
Unlock the answer
question
The site for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is the |
answer
Cell membrane |
Unlock the answer
question
The function of bacterial endospores is |
answer
Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions |
Unlock the answer
question
Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. what is the identity of this structure? |
answer
Endospore |
Unlock the answer
question
Endospores are? |
answer
Metabolically inactive Resistant to heat & chemical destruction Resistant to destruction by radiation Living Structures (all are correct) |
Unlock the answer
question
Bacterial endospores are not produced by |
answer
Staphylococcus |
Unlock the answer
question
Which term is NOT used to describe bacterial cell shapes |
answer
tetrad |
Unlock the answer
question
Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using |
answer
Specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens |
Unlock the answer
question
An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine |
answer
Nitrogen base sequence of rRNA |
Unlock the answer
question
Which is mismatched? |
answer
a) Gracilicutes - gram - cell walls b) Firmicutes - gram + cell walls c) Tenericutes - waxy acid fast cell walls d) Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls e) none of the above **The Answer is "C" |
Unlock the answer
question
The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions and systs would be associated with |
answer
Cyanobacteria |
Unlock the answer
question
Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacteria cell walls, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-Forms lack cell walls, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
Gram negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
Hot carbol fushsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
If you observe rod shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
Viruses have all of the following EXCEPT |
answer
a) definite shape b) metabolism c) genes d) ability to infect host cells e) ultramicroscopic size **Answer is "B" Metabolism |
Unlock the answer
question
Host cells of viruses include |
answer
a) human and other animals b) plants and fungi c) bacteria d) protozoa and algae e) all of the above **Answer is "E" all of the above |
Unlock the answer
question
The core of every virus particle always contains |
answer
either DNA or RNA |
Unlock the answer
question
Classification of viruses into families involves determining all of the following characteristics EXCEPT |
answer
Biochemical reactions |
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following represents a virus family name? |
answer
Herpesviridae |
Unlock the answer
question
Viruse capsids are made from subunits called |
answer
Capsomeres |
Unlock the answer
question
Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus |
answer
Capsid |
Unlock the answer
question
All of the following pertain to virus envelopes EXCEPT |
answer
Located between the capsid and nucleic acid |
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is NOT associated with every virus |
answer
Envelope |
Unlock the answer
question
These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors |
answer
Tail fibers |
Unlock the answer
question
Which is incorrect about prophages |
answer
Cause lysis of host cells |
Unlock the answer
question
T-Even phages |
answer
Infect Escherichia coli cells |
Unlock the answer
question
The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is |
answer
Adsorption, penetration, replication, assembly, maturation, release |
Unlock the answer
question
The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is |
answer
Injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell |
Unlock the answer
question
Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during |
answer
Release |
Unlock the answer
question
which of the following will NOT support viral cultivation |
answer
Blood agar |
Unlock the answer
question
In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____ |
answer
nucleus, cytoplasm |
Unlock the answer
question
Host range is limited by |
answer
Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane |
Unlock the answer
question
The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope is called |
answer
Plaques |
Unlock the answer
question
Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called |
answer
Plaques |
Unlock the answer
question
Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called |
answer
Pocks |
Unlock the answer
question
viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called |
answer
latent |
Unlock the answer
question
Oncogenic viruses include all of the following EXCEPT |
answer
measles virus |
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect? |
answer
a) inclusions in the nucleus b) multinucleated giant cell c) inclusions in the cytoplasm d) cells round up e) all of the above **Answer is "E" all of the above |
Unlock the answer
question
Infectious protein particles are called |
answer
Prions |
Unlock the answer
question
Infectious naked strands of RNA are called |
answer
viroids |
Unlock the answer
question
Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is |
answer
A spongiform encephalopathy of humans |
Unlock the answer
question
A naked virus does not have an envelope, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2?m to 450?m, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
Prophages can be activated into viral replication and entering the lytic cycle, t/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
a specific animal virus has the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
Each virus is assigned to genus status based on its host, target tissue, and type of disease it causes, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
when a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer
question
Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections, T/F |
answer
True |
Unlock the answer
question
One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as an _______ capsid |
answer
Icosahedral |
Unlock the answer
question
A _______ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus |
answer
Capsid |
Unlock the answer
question
Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called ________ |
answer
Phage |
Unlock the answer
question
Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patients blood for specific _________ that the immune system produced against the virus. |
answer
Antibodies |
Unlock the answer
question
Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called ________, and the infectious RNA strands called _______ |
answer
prion, viroids |
Unlock the answer
question
During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the bacterial ____ ___________ |
answer
Host chromosome |
Unlock the answer
question
A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use in vitro systems called _______ cultures |
answer
Cell |
Unlock the answer
question
If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cell from rupturing is |
answer
Cell Walls |
Unlock the answer
question
The periplasmic space is? |
answer
An important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell |
Unlock the answer
question
The bacterial chromosome |
answer
a) is located in the cell membrane b) contains all the cell's plasmids c) is part of the nucleoid d) forms a single linear strand of DNA e) all choices are correct **Answer is "E" all choices are correct |
Unlock the answer
question
Which is mismatched |
answer
a) ribosomes - protein synthesis b) inclusions - excess cell nutrients & materials c) plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism d) nucleoid - hereditary material e) cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution |
Unlock the answer
question
Magnetosomes are? |
answer
Composed of magnetic iron oxide particles |
Unlock the answer
question
Which is mismatched? |
answer
a) chlamydias-lack ability to independently complete grown & metabolism b) Green sulfur bacteria - photosynthetic anaerobes that use sulfur in metabolism c) Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic, photosynthetic bacteria d) Myxobacteria - gliding, fruiting, slime bacteria e) none are correct |
Unlock the answer
question
If during the gram stain procedure, the bacterial cell were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram positive cells would be purple but gram negative cells would be colorless, T/F |
answer
False |
Unlock the answer