Micro Practical 2 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology |
answer
| Journal to find unknown |
question
| Unknown Classification |
answer
| Phylum Gammaproteobacteria | Family Enterobacteriaceae |
question
| Oxygen Tests |
answer
| Thioglycollate Broth, Candle Jar, GlassPak |
question
| Obligate Aerobes - Thioglycollate |
answer
| Bacteria at top of both |
question
| Facultative Anaerobes - Thioglycollate |
answer
| Bacteria growth throughout, greater growth at top (oxygen) |
question
| Obligate Anaerobe - Thioglycollate |
answer
| Only growth at bottom of tube |
question
| Microaerophile - Thioglycollate |
answer
| Growth in middle of tube |
question
| Candle Jar |
answer
| Grows microaerophiles - 3-5% CO2 and 8-10% O2 |
question
| GasPak |
answer
| Grows anaerobes - removes oxygen |
question
| Thioglycollate Broth |
answer
| Reduces oxygen, does not remove all oxygen. Resazurin - Indicator (oxygen = pink) |
question
| Catalase Test |
answer
| Catalase (H2O2 --> O2 + H20) + = bubbles |
question
| Oxidase test |
answer
| - OX+ must use O2 as final electron acceptor - Differentiates between Enterobacteriaceae (-) and Pseudomonadaceae (+) - Cytochrome oxidase (reduction of oxygen in ETC) + = blue / purple |
question
| [image] |
answer
| oxidase positive - purple / blue |
question
| Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae |
answer
- Gram - - Cocco bacilli - facultative anaerobes |
question
| IMViC Test |
answer
| Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate, H2S production, motility |
question
| Indole Tests for |
answer
| Tryptophan --> Indole (by tryptophanase) |
question
| Indole Media |
answer
| SIM Agar Deep |
question
| Indole + |
answer
| hot pink / red |
question
| Indole Reagent |
answer
| Kovacs |
question
| H2S Test |
answer
| Sim Agar Deep, can see motility if positive. Positive = black |
question
| TTC motility deep |
answer
| red = positive, tetrazolium chloride strict aerobes do not grow well |
question
| Simmons Citrate tests for |
answer
| Citrate Utilization |
question
| Simmons Citrate Positive |
answer
| Blue |
question
| Methyl Red Media |
answer
| MRVP Broth |
question
| Methyl Red purpose |
answer
| use of glucose with acidic end product |
question
| Voges Proskauer Test |
answer
| Determines use of glucose - tests for acetoin as end product |
question
| Simmons Citrate Purpose |
answer
| Is citrate sole carbon source |
question
| Simmons Citrate Indicator |
answer
| brom thymol blue |
question
| Carbohydrate Utilization Media |
answer
| Phenol Red Sugar Broth w/ durham tube (lactose, mannitol, glucose, sucrose) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Citrate |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Indole |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Methyl Red |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Phenol Red |
question
| [image] |
answer
| VP |
question
| Methyl Red Positive |
answer
| Red |
question
| Voges Proskauer Positive |
answer
| Red |
question
| Nitrogen Fixation |
answer
| N2 --> Ammonium or NO2 necessary to synthesize amino acids or nucleic acids |
question
| Nitrification |
answer
| Ammonia --> nitrite |
question
| Denitrification |
answer
| Nitrate to Nitrite to Nitric Oxide to Nitrous Oxide to N2 |
question
| Nitrate Reduction Test |
answer
| tests for production of nitrate reductase (reduces nitrate to nitrite) |
question
| Nitrate Reduction Media |
answer
| Nitrate Broth |
question
| Nitrate Reduction Reagent |
answer
| Reagent A and B (optional: zinc) |
question
| Nitrate Reduction + |
answer
| red or yellow (- is colorless or pink with zinc) |
question
| Decarboxylation Test |
answer
| Tests for decarboxylase - breaks carboxyl off of amino acid |
question
| Decarboxylase media |
answer
| arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase with mineral oil (needs anaerobic condition) |
question
| Positive decarboxylase |
answer
| purple |
question
| Deamination Test |
answer
| Removes amino group from amino acid Phenylaline deaminates to phenylpyruvic acid |
question
| Deamination Media |
answer
| Phenylaline slant |
question
| Gelatin Hydrolysis |
answer
| Gelitnase turns gelatin to liquid = positive = mushy goop |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Deaminase |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Decarboxylation |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Nitrate negative with zinc |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Nitrate Reduction |
question
| Casein Hydrolysis |
answer
| Caseinase breaks down casein into amino acids |
question
| Casein media |
answer
| skim milk agar |
question
| Casein positive |
answer
| white to clear (zone of clearing) |
question
| Casein enzyme |
answer
| Caseinase |
question
| Starch hydrolysis |
answer
| Amylase hydrolyzes starch into smaller sugars |
question
| Starch hydrolysis enzyme |
answer
| amylase |
question
| Starch hydrolysis media |
answer
| Starch afar plate |
question
| Starch hydrolysis reagent |
answer
| Gram's iodine |
question
| Starch hydrolysis positive |
answer
| positive = yellow / clear zones |
question
| Lipid hydrolysis |
answer
| lipase breaks down tributyrin into fatty acids |
question
| Lipid hydrolysis enzyme |
answer
| Lipase |
question
| Lipid hydrolysis Media |
answer
| Tributyrin agar plate with methlene blue indicator |
question
| Urea Hydrolysis |
answer
| Urease breaks down ammonia and carbon dioxide - Determines if urea can be used as energy source |
question
| Urea Hydrolysis Indicator |
answer
| Phenol red |
question
| Urea hydrolysis + |
answer
| hot pink |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Casein |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Lipid Hydrolysis |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Starch hydrolysis |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Urea Hydrolysis |
question
| API 20E |
answer
| Gram negative enteric rods, dehydrated tests in each compartments. make code and determine name of bacteria |
question
| Staph samples from |
answer
| nasal swab |
question
| strep samples from |
answer
| throat swab |
question
| Staph characteristics |
answer
| Gram +, microbiota of skin and nasal cavity, facultative anaerobe, haloduric |
question
| Mannitol Salt Agar |
answer
| High Sodium Chloride - selective Mannitol fermentation - differential |
question
| MSA mannitol fermentation indicator and positive |
answer
| Sugar fermentation (acid production) phenol red indicator red to yellow |
question
| Strep characteristics |
answer
| Gram +, catalase -, facultative anaerobe, prefer high co2, microbiota of skin, upper respiritory and GI |
question
| Alpha hemplysis |
answer
| partial digestion |
question
| beta hemolysis |
answer
| complete digestion |
question
| gamma hydrolysis |
answer
| no digestion |
question
| [image] |
answer
| S pneumoniae |
question
| [image] |
answer
| S pyogenes |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Hydrolysis |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Mannitol |
question
| Columbia Naladixic Agar (CNA) |
answer
| - Naladixic Acid - Selective, Antibiotic - only G+ Grow - Differential - 5% sheep blood |
question
| Urine in Kidney |
answer
| Sterile (exception - nephritis, kidney infection) |
question
| UTI cell count |
answer
| over 100k cells / ml |
question
| EMB (eosin Methylene Blue) agar |
answer
| - Selective - methylene blye inhibits G+ bacteria - Differential - Lactose - Lactose fermenting bacteria produce acid (ie E Coli) - Eosin indicator changes to purple with green metallic, non lactose fermenter - brown of pink |
question
| Cells/ml count |
answer
| # colonies on plate * 100 |
question
| [image] |
answer
| EMB Examples |
question
| [image] |
answer
| EMB Examples |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Hemolysis |
question
| Staph catalase result |
answer
| + |
question
| Staph hemolysis |
answer
| either beta or gamma |
question
| SM110 |
answer
| Staph test - pathogenic are orange or yellow |
question
| DNAse |
answer
| exoenzyme that breaks down DNA |
question
| bile esculin |
answer
| - strep test - bile inhibits growth of all but enterococci and strep group D - Use of esculin sugar (ifbacteria is able to grow) |
question
| NaCL broth (strep test) |
answer
| Only Enterococci can grow |
question
| S Aureus virulence factors |
answer
| Pyogenic Toxin - pus Enterotoxin - food poisoning Cytotoxins Toxic Shock Toxins Coagulase - clotting |
question
| Staph catalase result |
answer
| + |
question
| Strep catalase result |
answer
| - |
question
| Coagulase |
answer
| exoenzyme for clotting, only in S aureus |
question
| Strep pyogenes diseases |
answer
| skin infections, strep throat, nectotizing fascitis |
question
| Strep agalactiae |
answer
| Group B strep - neonatal sepsis |
question
| Strep pneumonia |
answer
| pneumonia |
question
| Enterococci |
answer
| recently separated from strep, highly antibiotic resistance, nosocomial infections |
question
| Strep virulence factors |
answer
| - hyaluronidase - breaks down hyaluronic acid b/w cells - Leucidin - kill WBCs - Streptolysin - hemolytic toxin - scarlet fever toxin - TSS |
question
| Strep NaCl test |
answer
| turbid = enterococci |
question
| Antigen |
answer
| any feature that can elicit an immune response |
question
| Antibodies |
answer
| (Immunoglobulins) produced by immune response, bind to antigens |
question
| Agglutination |
answer
| antibodies clump to microorganisms in response to antigens |
question
| Monospot test purpose |
answer
| - testing for antibody - Ebstein Barr viral antigen - EBV causes mono, burkins lymphoma |
question
| Monospot test process |
answer
| Latex particles coated in mono antigen from cattle. Agglutination = positive (patient has antibodies) |
question
| Test for antigen with known antibody (3) |
answer
| - agar, then perform biochemical tests, takes 1-2 days - Difco Staph Latex kit - latex conjugated antibody - Clearview Exact Strep Dipstick - rapid strep test |
question
| Difco Staph Latex |
answer
| - can confirm S Aureus ID - mix blue latex coated with antibody with patient sample - A aureus = agglutination |
question
| Clearview Exact Strep Dipstick |
answer
| - rapid strep test, directly from throat swab - positive = 2 lines |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Bile esculin |
question
| [image] |
answer
| DNAse |
question
| [image] |
answer
| MRSA |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Staph aureus |
question
| Bacteriophages |
answer
| viruses that only infect bacteria |
question
| Lytic infection |
answer
| causes death of bacteria |
question
| plaque |
answer
| spot on bacterial lawn where all bacteria have been killed |
question
| Phage typing |
answer
| can be used to ID strains of bacteria |
question
| Coliphages |
answer
| bacteriophages that infect different strains of bacteria |
question
| PFU / mL (plaque forming units per mL) |
answer
| plaques / (dilution of tube x amount plated) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Monospot results - right = positive |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Monospot Test |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Rapid Stress Test |
question
| Arthropods |
answer
| Invertebrates (insects and arachnids) |
question
| Ectoparasites |
answer
| Arthropod vector of disease when living on human body |
question
| Class Insecta |
answer
| - Wings or no wings, 3 pairs legs, antennae - body parts - head, thorax, abdomen |
question
| Class Arachnid |
answer
| No wings, 4 pairs legs, no antennae - oophalothorax and abdomen |
question
| Scarcoptes |
answer
| Itch mite - mange, scabies, STI |
question
| Ixodes |
answer
| Hard body tick - lyme disease |
question
| Dermacentor |
answer
| Hard Body Tick - Tularemia, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
question
| Ornithodoros |
answer
| Soft Body Tick |
question
| Pediculus |
answer
| Body Louse - typhus |
question
| Pithirus |
answer
| Pubic Louse - STD, crabs |
question
| Anopheles |
answer
| Mosquito - Malaria |
question
| Aedes |
answer
| Mosquito - dengue fever, viral encephalitis |
question
| Pulex |
answer
| Flea |
question
| Helminth Characteristics |
answer
| Eukaryotic, multicellular |
question
| Cestodes |
answer
| - Tapeworms - Phylum Platyhelminths - Flat - Proglottid segments w/ reproductive organs - Hermaphrodite - Scolex head w/ suckers or hooks - Taenia |
question
| Trematodes (flukes) |
answer
| - Platyhelminths phylum - flat, leaf shaped - unsegmented - suckers - 2 sexes - Schistosoma species - Fasciola hepatica |
question
| Nematode |
answer
| - Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms - 2 sexes ; eggs in body - unsegmented - cutting teeth - tail of male vs female - encystment (trichinella) - Enterobius, Ancylostoma, Trichinella, Dirofilaria |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Aedes Mosquito |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Ancylostoma (Nematode) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Arachnid body parts |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Dermacentor - hard body tick |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Dirofilaria - nematode, dog heart worm |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Enterobius, nematode (pinworm) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Fasciola, trematode (platyhelminths) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Insect Body Parts |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Ixodes - hard tick |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Ornithodorus - soft body tick |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Proglottids -cestodes (platyhelminths) tapeworms |
question
| [image] |
answer
| pulex - flea |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Schistoma - trematodes (platyhelminths) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Taenia - cestodes (platyhelminths) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Trichinella - nematode - encystment |
question
| [image] |
answer
| Pediculous - Louse |
question
| Gaspak strip indicator |
answer
| methylene blue |
question
| Tick and mite class |
answer
| Arachnida |
question
| Louse and flea class |
answer
| Insecta |
question
| Platyhelminths (phylum) Classes |
answer
| Cestode (tapeworms) and trematode (flukes) |
question
| Nematodes |
answer
| Roundworms, seperate sexes, more evolved than platyhelminths |
question
| decarboxylase medium |
answer
| moeller broth, no reagent |
question
| phenylaline reagent (deaminase) |
answer
| ferric acid |
question
| decarboxylase indicator |
answer
| brom cresol purple |
question
| Staph pathogens |
answer
| S aureus (most problematic), S epidermidis, S saprophyticus, S haemolyticus, S hominis |
question
| Staph culturing media |
answer
| blood agar - good for fastidious bacteria CNA - has antibiotic that inhibits G- |
question
| Staph ID tests |
answer
| nasal swabs MSA (salt tolerance) CNA (sensitivity to novobicin and hemolysis) Catalase + SM110 DNAse |
question
| Strep pathogens |
answer
| Streo pyogenes, strep agalctiae ,strep pneumoniae |
question
| Strep tests |
answer
| throat swab blood agar (incubate in candle jar) CNA plate bile esculin NaCl - salt resistance SXT (antibiotic) Catalase - |
question
| urea indicator |
answer
| phenol red |
question
| H2S Indicator |
answer
| Sodium thiosulfate |
question
| VP Reagents |
answer
| Barritts A & B (light pink/red = positive) |
question
| Lipid hydrolysis media |
answer
| methylene blue agar |
question
| Starch Hydrolysis Media |
answer
| Starch agar |
