Aerobic Vs Anaerobic Test Microbiology – Flashcards
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| What is a opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans? |
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| candida albicans |
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| Opportunistic fungi are? |
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| normal microbiota for many individuals |
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| What is TRUE about pathogenic fungi? |
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they can infect any susceptible host regardless of its immune status they are dimorphic they produce yeast forms at 37*C they are relatively resistant to phagocytic killing |
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| What is FALSE about fungi? |
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| FALSE-- they have the ability to form mycelial thalli that are very invasivve |
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| What is type of agar is preferred for the culture of fungi? |
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| Sabouraud dextrose agar |
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| What is a technique that reveals the presence of fungal cells in tissues? |
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| KOH tx and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining |
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| The most COMMON pathogenic fungus affecting humans is? |
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| Histoplamsa capsulatum |
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| Mycoses are difficult to treat b/c? |
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| fungicides have numberous side effects and fungal cells are similar to human cells |
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| All the TRUE PATHOGENIC fungi are? |
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| members of the Ascomycota and are dimorphic |
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| Ocular histoplasmosis is a? |
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| type I hypersensitivity immune rx |
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| What is the diagnostic structure produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis? |
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| "STEERING WHEEL" buds |
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| a young woman is experiencing fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and a cough that occasionally brings up mucus containing blood. She reports having visited family in rural New Mexico over the Labor Day weekend. A GMS- stain sample from her lungs shows the presence of large spherules. What is the most likely infecting agent? |
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| Coccidioides immitis |
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| What is TRUE about Candida? |
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it is present in the digestive tract of 40-80% of all healthy people it can be passed to babies during childbirth it causes thrush it can be transmitted to adults during sex |
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| what is FALSE about Candida? |
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| FALSE= it is easily treated with topical antifungals in immunocompromised pt's |
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| An avid gardener in eastern North America begins to have a fever and cough. A sample from her lungs contains yeast cells. She may be infected with? |
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| Blastomyces dermatitidis |
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| The most common disease produced in humans by Cryptococcus is? |
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| cryptococcal meningitis |
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| What fungal infection is rare prior to the AIDS epidemic? |
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| Pneumocystis pneumonia |
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| Pneumocystis jiroveci is? |
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| an bligate parasite that cannot survive outside the lungs |
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| An immunocompromised patient has a severe nasal infection that has blocked his ability to breathe through his nose. A sample taken from the nose is treated w/KOH and is found to have largehyphae with very few septa. What disease may the pt have? |
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| zygomycosis |
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| What is the diagnostic feature of Trichosporon beigelii? |
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| the presence of soft white to gray nodules |
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| Ringworms are caused by? |
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| dermatophytes groing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin |
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| Histoplasma capsulatum is an? |
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| intracellular parasite |
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| What dermatophytes infect hair as well as skin? |
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| Trichophyton rubrum |
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| White patches on the surgace of the toungue and the oral mucosa accompanied by inflammation and swelling are signs consistent with? |
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| thrush |
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| What fungal infection may progress to infection of the brain? |
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| Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mucor |
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| A tumor-like infection that produces an oily fluid containing fungal granules is known as? |
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| mycetoma |
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| A sample of the tissue from an inflamed, pus-filled area on the lower leg is treated with KOH and stained with GMS. Under the microscope golden brown spheres are visible. What disease are these observations consistent with? |
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| chromoblastomycosis |
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| What fungal infection can be contracted through thorn pricks or wood splinters? |
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| Sporothrix schenckii |
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| What is TRUE regarding Malassezia? |
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It is part of the microbiota of the skin it tends to develop into a chronic infection it causes pityriasis it is a basidomycete |
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| what is FALSE concerning Malassezia? |
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| FALSE= it causes phaeohyphomycosis |
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| the monomorphic fungus Rhizopus is a? |
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| common bread mold and an opportunistic pathogen |
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| Mycetismus is caused by? |
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| ingestion of toxic mushrooms |
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| What is referred to as the "deaht cap" mushroom? |
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| Amanita phalloides |
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| What is a false morel that causes bloody diarrhea, conculsions, and death within two days? |
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| Gyromitra esculenta |
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| Ergometrine, which is used to stimulate labor contractions, is a product of ? |
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| Claviceps purpurea |
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| What is true of mycotoxicosis but NOT mycetismus? |
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| The fungus is not present |
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| Psilocybin is a? |
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| toxin that acts as a hullucinogen |
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| Chronic inhalation of particular fungal allergens would lead to? |
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| a type III hypersensitivity reaction |
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| What causes Rose-gardener's disease? |
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| sporotrichosis |
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| What causes aflatoxins? |
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| mycotoxin associated with liver cancer |
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| What causes sclerotic bodies? |
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| chromoblastomycosis |
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| What causes Pseudallescheria? |
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| mycetoma |
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| What symptoms do Pityriasis cause? |
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| patches of hyperpigmented and depigmented skin on the trunk and arms |
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| What does Trichophyton rubrum cause? |
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| infeciton of the hair, nails, and skin |
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| What does Psilocybe cubensis produce? |
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| a hallucinogenic toxin |
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| What does Amanita phalloides cause? |
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| Mycetismus |
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| What does Claviceps purpurea produce? |
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| a toxin that is used to treat migrane headaches |
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| T/F Griseofulvin is and effective antifungal with no seroius side effects. |
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| true |
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| T/F Dermatophytes, which live on the surface of the skin, are always pathogenic. |
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| FALSE |
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| T/F Fungi that cause systemic mycoses are uniformly acquired by ingesting contaminated food. |
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| FALSE |
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| T/F The seriousness of Coccidioides infection can be attributed to the formation and rupture of spherules. |
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| TRUE |
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| T/F In endemic regions of the US, close to 90% of the population test + for Histoplasma capsulatum. |
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| TRUE |
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| T/F Hypersensitivity of aspergillosis is due to the formation of ball-like fungal hyphae in the cavities produced by pervious tuberculosis. |
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| FALSE |
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| T/F Histoplasma and Coccidioides produce filtrates on the lungs that can be seen on X-ray images. |
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| TRUE |
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| T/F Very few cases of cryptococcal infections are caused by the variant Cryptococcus neoformans. |
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| FALSE |
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| T/F Severe mycetismus may require a liver transplant. |
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| TRUE |
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| T/F Vaccines to prevent fungal infections are widely available. |
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| FALSE |
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| Most fungi exist as _____ and function as the major decomposers of organic material. |
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| saprobes |
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| infections with ___ are more commonly acquired by person-to-person contact. |
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| dermatophytes |
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| diagnosis of fungi may require culturing them at different temperatures to demonstrate their ___ growth characteristics. |
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| dimorphic |
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| _____ dissolves keratin and cellular material in skin scrapings, leaving only the fungal cells for examinations. |
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| potassium hydroxide |
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| fungal cells can be stained black in tissue sections by using ___ stain. |
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| Gomori Methenamine silver (GMS) |
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| instead of cholesterol, the walls of fungi contain ____. |
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| ergosterol |
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| the "gold standard" of antifungal agents is ____. |
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| amphotericin B |
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| The antifungal agent ____ interferes with microtubule formation and chromosome seperation. |
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| griseofulvin |
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| the presence of ____ in a sample from the lungs is diagnostic for coccidioidomycosis. |
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| spherules |
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| Hisoplasma ___ is limited to Africa. |
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| duboisii |
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| The production of distinctively spiny spores is diagnostic for? |
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| Histoplasma capsulatum |
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| Exposure to ____ species most commonly causes only allergies. |
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| aspergillus |
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| ______ can be diagnosed when clusters of budding yeast and branching pseudohyphae are present along with correlated symptoms. |
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| candidiasis |
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| Opportunistic infections with ____ may develop into a series of nodular, pus-filled lesions on a limb. |
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| Sporothrix schenckii |
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Chronic infections of Malassezia result in _____.
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| pityriasis |
