question

TRUE

answer

The predominant model of unionism in the U.S. is business unionism.

question

TRUE

answer

Business unionism works within the capitalist system by focusing on securing labor's "fair share" of profits, rather than seeking broad scale social change.

question

FALSE

answer

The servicing model of unionism is one in which employees play an active role in voicing their opinions and making decisions about how the union should expend its energies and resources.

question

FALSE

answer

Job control unionism values worker participation in management decision making.

question

TRUE

answer

Job control unionism developed as a response to tight managerial control and arbitrary decision-making that was common in mass production settings in much of the 20th century.

question

TRUE

answer

"Occupational unionism" is another name for "craft unionism."

question

FALSE

answer

Craft unionism is well-suited to a stable, industry-oriented workforce.

question

FALSE

answer

Industrial unionism seeks to organize workers of a single occupation, in the same industry, into the same union.

question

TRUE

answer

Supporters of the labor movement have criticized the servicing model of unionism for creating a union membership that is uninterested and unwilling to play an active role in their own representation.

question

FALSE

answer

When one talks about the "scope" of representation, one is referring to the number of different activities a union is involved in at the workplace.

question

TRUE

answer

The "soul" of union representation refers to the degree of participation that union member's have in their own union representation decisions and actions.

question

TRUE

answer

The organizing model of unionization sees unions as a collection of empowered workers who are involved in decision making and union activism.

question

FALSE

answer

Employee empowerment unionism is focused on developing standardized outcomes for workers within the same occupation.

question

TRUE

answer

Rather than establishing standardized job outcomes, employee empowerment unionism establishes processes and parameters that guide workers in one-on-one discussions with their employers to determine their job outcomes.

question

TRUE

answer

Social unionism sees labor unions as important participants in determining the political and civil outcomes in society.

question

FALSE

answer

One criticism of the social unionism model is that it can sometimes create a passive union membership who expect to be led by others rather than to lead themselves.

question

TRUE

answer

Social movement unionism is one that encourages and embraces union member activism in working toward broader social goals.

question

TRUE

answer

Union density in the U.S. is approximately 13.0% of the workforce.

question

FALSE

answer

Union density is significantly higher for men than it is for women.

question

FALSE

answer

A key difference between the European and U.S. models of unionism is that the European model sees the scope of unionization as limited to the workplace.

question

FALSE

answer

Due to the decline in manufacturing in the U.S., manufacturing has one of the lowest union density rates among industries.

question

FALSE

answer

The lowest union densities in the U.S. can be found in the Southwest and Northeastern states.

question

TRUE

answer

Southern and southwestern states generally have the lowest union densities in the U.S.

question

FALSE

answer

An amalgamated union is a federation of unions from a variety of industries and occupations

question

TRUE

answer

In most unions, the first person contacted when a grievance arises in the workplace is the union steward.

question

FALSE

answer

In the U.S., local union leadership is usually appointed by the regional or national president.

question

TRUE

answer

National unions usually have final authority over local union actions such as negotiating, organizing, and striking.

question

FALSE

answer

Though national unions are available to provide research assistance, the majority of union organizing, training, lobbying, and supervision of collective bargaining is done by the local unions

question

TRUE

answer

A union constitution is a document that spells out election procedures, by-laws, and other procedures for each national union.

question

FALSE

answer

Each national union has a collective bargaining agreement that spells out the union's bylaws and procedures.

question

FALSE

answer

An international union federation will typically be involved in union organizing, negotiating, and grievance handling for a national or local union.

question

TRUE

answer

Change to Win is a federation of seven of the U.S.'s largest unions which left the AFL-CIO in 2005.

question

FALSE

answer

The split in the AFL-CIO, which led to the creation of the Change to Win federation, occurred over concerns about the amount of money that the AFL-CIO was putting into union organizing at the expense of political lobbying.

question

TRUE

answer

U.S. labor law mandates basic democratic procedures within unions, including free speech and election provisions

question

TRUE

answer

The substantive dimension of union democracy refers to the responsiveness of a union's leadership to its members.

question

TRUE

answer

Union avoidance is the extent to which an employer will work to become or remain a "union free" establishment.

question

TRUE

answer

Theory X is a management theory that sees workers as fundamentally disliking work and being unwilling to put forth effort unless they are threatened and controlled.

question

FALSE

answer

When comparing the democratic processes of unions and corporations, one can conclude that they are comparable.

question

TRUE

answer

Companies pursuing a differentiation strategy are likely to embrace the human resource management school of thought.

question

FALSE

answer

A union suppression strategy sees employees as assets so policies are designed to train and reward employees to prevent them from wanting a union.

question

FALSE

answer

Closing unionized plants, moving unionized plants to a non-union location, outsourcing jobs, and opening nonunion operations to compete with union operations are all examples of union substitution.

question

FALSE

answer

Union substitution tactics are always legal.

question

TRUE

answer

A partnership between management and the union in addressing workplace problems and issues is most likely to arise in a paternalistic organization with a union acceptance strategy.

question

TRUE

answer

Companies pursuing a strategy of low cost are more likely to employ union suppression tactics than companies pursuing a strategy of differentiation.

question

FALSE

answer

Although the labor market has a significant influence on labor relations, the product market, by contrast, has relatively little influence.

question

FALSE

answer

The key problem with financialization, from a labor relations perspective, is that it places too much emphasis on investing in new technology and equipment, rather than on investing in employee training and development.

question

TRUE

answer

Financialization refers to the pursuit of increased profits through financial transactions rather than through the delivery of a business' core goods and services.

question

TRUE

answer

In concession bargaining, economic pressures push unionized workers to give up gains they have made in wages, benefits, and work rules.

question

FALSE

answer

Over the past 40 years, the earnings gap between educated and uneducated workers has declined.

question

FALSE

answer

Deskilling refers to a union strategy in which workers' jobs are made less challenging so as to reduce the amount of stress that workers experience.

question

TRUE

answer

Management can gain greater control over the workforce by taking skilled jobs and reducing them to routine, standardized jobs.

question

TRUE

answer

Skill-biased technological change increases the skill requirements of jobs.

question

TRUE

answer

Iron Mountain manufacturing recently purchased new quality control technology to replace the current quality control process where employees visually inspect each small part. Instead of this manual check, employees will now need to learn to operate sophisticated computer equipment. This could be considered an example of skill-biased technological change.

question

TRUE

answer

) The ethical perspective that is most closely aligned with mainstream economic values of welfare maximization is the utility perspective

question

FALSE

answer

The ethical perspective that emphasizes individual duty or responsibility to respect human dignity over other goals (such as profit maximization) is known as Rawlsian justice

question

FALSE

answer

Tom is a human resource intern for a staffing agency. One day, Tom get a call from a client requesting that they send "white only" applicants. Tom's boss does not want to lose the client because times are tough and profits are tight. He tells him to follow the customer's request, even though he knows it violates equal employment opportunity laws. After considerable thought, Tom decides complying with his boss' instructions to place profits before equal opportunity violates his personal code of ethics and quits. Tom's ethical values illustrate the ethics of virtue.

question

TRUE

answer

The departments of Justice and State, as well as anti-trafficking groups, estimate there are about 27 million people worldwide in modern-day slavery. Considering the various theories of ethics, modern-day slavery is an example of an extreme violation of the ethics of liberty.

question

TRUE

answer

Jenna is a new recruiter for a large staffing agency. Her trainer has told her to let candidates know that they will "get back to them" within two weeks of a interview date. Jenna notices, however, that the staffing agency rarely lives up to this promise and often never gets back to candidates. Jenna finds this unethical - she knows that if she were the candidate, she would not want to be lied to. Jenna's ethical analysis illustrates the ethics of duty.

question

FALSE

answer

Forcing individuals to use themselves or their property against their will is an immoral act according to the ethical framework of virtue.

question

Jungle Unionism

answer

In the 1930s and 1940s, the Teamsters Union used strikes and boycotts along with physical intimidation and obstruction to win changes in wages, hours, and working conditions. This is an example of: A. Business unionism. B. Uplift unionism. C. Jungle unionism. D. Social unionism.

question

Jungle Unionism

answer

When unions take advantage of favorable economic conditions and union strength to win whatever you need or can win, by any means is necessary - including those that may be illegal, they are engaging in: A. Business unionism. B. Jungle unionism. C. Uplift unionism. D. Social unionism.

question

Servicing

answer

In the ____________________ model of representation, a union is like an insurance company, where workers pay dues and are in turn protected against bad times. A. Unionism. B. Servicing. C. Organizing. D. Business.

question

A passive form of employee representation in which unions are put in place to solve problems for workers.

answer

The servicing model of unionism can be best described as: A. A passive form of employee representation in which unions are put in place to solve problems for workers. B. An active form of employee representation in which unions facilitate problem-solving by workers. C. An active form of employee representation in which the union plays a key role in facilitating management of the business. D. A passive form of employee representation in which the union is controlled by management and used to achieve business objectives.

question

A. The servicing model of union representation.

answer

When asked what he saw the role of the union to be in the coming years, one union representative replied, "To administer the contract for my members." This reply best illustrates: A. The servicing model of union representation. B. The organizing model of union representation. C. Employee empowerment unionism. D. Social unionism.

question

B. Informal grievance procedures.

answer

Job control unionism, which has dominated U.S. unions since WWII, is characterized by all of the following except: A. Detailed and legalistic union contracts. B. Informal grievance procedures. C. Narrowly defined jobs. D. Low levels of employee input.

question

B. Job control unionism.

answer

A form of unionism in which there are clearly defined roles where management makes all business decisions while the union negotiates strict work rules to determine wages and job rights through the collective bargaining agreement is called: A. Business unionism. B. Job control unionism. C. Social unionism. D. Employee empowerment unionism.

question

C. Craft unionism.

answer

A type of unionism that is well-suited to individuals that identify more with their occupation than they do with a particular company or industry is: A. Business unionism. B. Industrial unionism. C. Craft unionism. D. Job control unionism.

question

B. Industrial Unionism.

answer

The United Auto Workers represents all workers at a large auto parts manufacturing company. Included in the bargaining unit are welders, electricians, factory line workers, and workers who load and unload stock. This model of unionism is best described as: A. Business unionism. B. Industrial unionism. C. Job control unionism. D. Craft unionism.

question

D. Subjective and arbitrary treatment in the workplace.

answer

The traditional model of job control unionism which dominated the U.S. workplace in the 20th century has been criticized for encouraging or creating all of the following except: A. Lack of flexibility in production processes. B. Inattention to quality of production. C. Worker apathy toward work and business. D. Subjective and arbitrary treatment in the workplace.

question

A. The workplace.

answer

A business unionism approach to collective bargaining typically has a scope of representation focused on: A. The workplace. B. Society. C. The government. D. Management authority.

question

C. Organizing.

answer

The ________________________ model of representation views unions as institutions of worker participation, empowerment, and mobilization. A. Unionism. B. Servicing. C. Organizing. D. Business.

question

C. Employee empowerment unionism.

answer

A model of unionism which adopts a scope of representation confined to the workplace but which encourages active participation by union members is: A. Job control unionism. B. Business unionism. C. Employee empowerment unionism. D. Social movement unionism.

question

A. A narrow economic exchange that develops only weak ties between leaders and union members

answer

The servicing model of representation sees the relationship between workers and their union as: A. A narrow economic exchange that develops only weak ties between leaders and union members B. A narrow economic exchange that rests upon strong ties between leaders and union members C. A social exchange that develops only weak ties between leaders and union members D. A social exchange that develops strong ties between leaders and union members

question

B. Employee empowerment unionism.

answer

Some states have passed legislation granting university professors the right to unionize. At some schools, rather than negotiating a rigid wage schedule that applies to all professors, the union has negotiated a set of rules to govern individual wage negotiations between each professor and the university administration. This approach is best described as: A. Job control unionism. B. Employee empowerment unionism. C. Social movement unionism. D. Business unionism.

question

B. Stronger authority for union representatives.

answer

Which of the following is not consistent with a model employee empowerment unionism: A. Skill-based pay system where workers negotiate pay premiums with management. B. Stronger authority for union representatives. C. Union involvement in establishing standards for team composition. D. A negotiated framework for employees to resolve their own workplace issues.

question

B. European social partnerships

answer

Which of the following represents a model of unionism where the scope of representation includes the social arena but there is only passive participation by union members: A. Job control unionism B. European social partnerships C. Employee empowerment unionism D. Social movement unionism

question

C. in workplace but also in society as a whole

answer

A union that pursues the social unionism model, will try to achieve equity and voice: A. in the workplace (e.g., higher wages and better working conditions) B. in society. C. in workplace but also in society as a whole D. only if it benefits the union leadership.

question

B. National union leadership to achieve broad social and economic goals.

answer

European social partnership arrangements are characterized by: A. Local union member activism over broad social and economic goals. B. National union leadership to achieve broad social and economic goals. C. Local union activism over workplace goals. D. National union leadership to achieve workplace goals.

question

D. Critical industrial relations.

answer

Social movement unionism is most closely aligned with which school of thought? A. Mainstream economics. B. Human resource management. C. Industrial relations. D. Critical industrial relations.

question

A. African American workers.

answer

Which of the following groups typically has the highest union density rate? A. African American workers. B. Hispanic workers. C. White workers. D. Asian workers.

question

C. Social and political power

answer

Under a model of social unionism, the labor movement's influence comes from: A. Strong bargaining power in the workplace. B. The ability to control workplace decisions. C. Social and political power. D. Government mandates regarding union rights.

question

A. Teachers.

answer

Union density rates are highest for: A. Teachers. B. Blue-collar manual laborers. C. Sales and managerial workers D. Service workers (e.g., restaurant, daycare workers)

question

D. Georgia.

answer

Which state is most likely to have a low union density rate: A. Wisconsin. B. New York. C. Oregon. D. Georgia.

question

D. All of the above.

answer

A local union may represent: A. Many workers from a single workplace. B. Workers in a single occupation from several workplaces. C. Multiple occupations in multiple workplaces. D. All of the above.

question

D. Executive committee elected by the workers.

answer

Local unions are governed by a president and: A. Union organizers hired by the union president. B. Local union stewards elected by the workers. C. Worker representatives appointed by the company president. D. Executive committee elected by the workers.

question

A. National unions.

answer

Within a typical union structure, the greatest power and authority lies with: A. National unions. B. Regional unions. C. Local unions. D. Union stewards.

question

A. When the company is large.

answer

A national union is most likely to take the lead in collective bargaining: A. When the company is large. B. When the company is small. C. The national union never takes the lead - it is the local union that leads bargaining. D. The national union always takes the lead in collective bargaining.

question

A. Democratic methods in which union members elect union leaders whose actions are constrained by a constitution, by-laws, and elections.

answer

National and local unions are governed by: A. Democratic methods in which union members elect union leaders whose actions are constrained by a constitution, by-laws, and elections. B. Autocratic methods in which a powerful leader issues mandates and orders. C. Paternalistic methods in which benevolent leaders "care for" their union members. D. Laissez-faire methods in which union members are allowed to do whatever they think is in their best interest.

question

B. A branch of the union that focuses on particular industries or important occupations.

answer

In a national union, a division or conference refers to: A. A periodic meeting held to discuss national union issues. B. A branch of the union that focuses on particular industries or important occupations. C. A department that focuses on things like union organizing, collective bargaining, research or education. D. A branch of the union that focuses on a particular region of the country.

question

C. From diverse occupations or industries.

answer

Today most U.S. unions have a membership that consists of workers: A. From a single industry. B. From a single craft or occupation. C. From diverse occupations or industries. D. From a particular region of the country.

question

A. Increases membership and financial solvency.

answer

Merging unions: A. Increases membership and financial solvency. B. Increases competition among unions. C. Increases aggressiveness of local union leaders in meeting the needs of their members. D. All of the above.

question

The benefit of having more members and the difficulty of representing their diverse interests.

answer

Within the model of general unionism, there is constant tension between: A. The benefit of having more members and the difficulty of representing their diverse interests. B. The benefit of having more union leaders and difficulty of managing their different perspectives. C. The goals of leaders of smaller unions and those of larger unions. D. All of the above.

question

B. local and national unions.

answer

Most of the union organizing, negotiating, and grievance handling is done by ____________________. A. the AFL-CIO. B. local and national unions. C. company associations. D. the ICFTU

question

A. Organizing, negotiating and grievance handling.

answer

The AFL-CIO serves a number of purposes for local and national unions including all of the following except: A. Organizing, negotiating and grievance handling. B. Political lobbying. C. Research of issues related to unions and their members. D. Overall coordination and direction of the union movement.

question

D. The United Nations.

answer

If you compare the power structure of the U.S. labor movement to that of different levels of government, the AFL-CIO is analogous to: A. The International Labor Organization. B. State government. C. Federal government. D. The United Nations.

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