Megg’s history of graphic design chapter 1-12 midterm – Flashcards
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William Addison Dwiggins
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coined the term Graphic Design in 1922; but didn't reach popularity until 1945
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Cave Paintings
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the first form of visual communication
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Cuneiform
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a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia
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Rebus
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a puzzle in which words are represented by combinations of pictures of individual letters
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Hieroglyphics
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characters in any system of writing in which symbols represent objects
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Rosetta stone
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a stone slate found containing 3 languages in one stone; demotic script, Egyptian, ancient greek
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Book of the Dead
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an ancient Egyptian funerary text; first to combine word and image; basically afterlife instructions
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Alphabet
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the set of visual character that represent the sounds of spoken language
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How alphabets spread
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Trade; warfare; religion
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Our western alphabet came from
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the Latin alphabet
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The 5 contributions from Asia
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gunpowder; compass; paper; printing; caliigraphy
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Calligraphy
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Decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering; strictly pictographic, earliest calligraphy on claws, no rebus
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paper was important because
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portable and cheap
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Relief printing
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printing from raised images
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Ink rubbing
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rubbing ink on paper
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printing in china was used for
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religious, money, playing cards
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illuminated manscript
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colors and gold leaf
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this was invented in the medieval period
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musical notation
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the 6 contribution from the celtics
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the book of kells, the BIG first letter, ornamental frames, the space between words, design strategy, monograms
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Caroline Minuscule
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the first uniform script
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the "look" of gothic design
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dark, pointy, textured
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define of islamic design
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very detailed, patterns, colors-bright/light
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xlography
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relief printing
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typography
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movable type
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watermarks
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translucent emblem produced from pressure
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how printing was spread form Asia to Europe
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playing cards, religious prints
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woodblock printing
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a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and China
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Gutenberg
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a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe; also had a printing press, first 42 line bible
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Shaeffer and Fust
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early German printers; most important printing, shaeffer was the first type face designer, they created the 2 color initials, smaller type
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Incunabula period
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(1450-1500) presses open in Europe, spread of printing
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printing in europe.. german illustrated books caused
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stabilized and unified language, supported the idea of a nation-state, decline of illiteracy, increase in education
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how printing impacts visual communication history
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new ways of ordering space and info, new ways off categorizing info, fostered individualism, printing of bibles
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death of ployhman
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first illustrated book
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travels in mount zion
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first travel book
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nuremberg
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printing center of europe
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krogerger
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most important printer
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broadsheet
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a single sheet, sold on the streets, and containing various types of material, from ballads to political satire
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copperplate engraving
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a process for intaglio printmaking and incising a design and a hard surface
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renaissance
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"rebirth" or "revival"
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Da Spira
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roman type -gothic to classical
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Jenson
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further enhanced roman type designs
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Italian renaissance printers
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first steps towards total printed book
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New Roman
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italic type, new page layouts woodcut borders used as design elements
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geoffrey tory
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"the golden age of french typography"; new open/lighter approach to design
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Claude Garamond
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more delicate proportion roman type
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Romain du Roi
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royal type
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roco
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metal engraving to support it; luxury, for wealthy class
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caslon, baskerville, bodoni, didot
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famous typography designers of the era after renaissance
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information graphics
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infographics are graphics visual representations of info, data, or knowledge
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william blake
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english poet, print maker, seminal figure in the history of visual arts of the romantic age
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industrial revolution
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one of the 2 most important revolutions; technology/ digital
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developement in type during industrial revolution
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fatface, egyptian, tuscan
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san-serif
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fancy "extras" to font, most important typography
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new print technology in industrial revolution
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woodtype papermaking machiene, steam powered press
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steam powered press
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the most important thing ever apparently
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photography niepce
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french inventor of photography
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linotype machiene
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basically a type writer
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kodak camera
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invented in industrial revolution
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lithography
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printing in color
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new ways of communication during industrial revolution
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harpers magazines, ad firms, ager & sons
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the arts and crafts movement
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inspired by organic design
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William Morris
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led the A&C movement in England
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Elbert Hubbard
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led the A&C movement in US
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Long term A&C movement
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upgrade book design, resurgence of renaissance handmade, revitalization of type design
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Art Nouveau
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organic but more abstract, idea of wanting to be orginal
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Ukiyo-e
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japanese style art in art nouveau, led by hokusai
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how art nouveau began
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france gallery, japanese influence, coming together of image and text
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Henride Tulouse-Latrec
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overcame adversity, parents diead, decided to do art, most famous poster artist
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Ethel Reed
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internationally recognized american graphic artist
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the genesis of the 20th century
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new form of expression and union of art and technology; geometry- based art
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Frank LLoyd Wright
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a dickhead; architect designer, falling waters, emphasize on open space
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the vienna secession
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they used art nouveau but more geometric; chunky, bold
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peter behren
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geometric designer, worked for AEG a german electric company; first industrial designer
