MedTerm Ch 14 - Flashcards

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The diaphysis of a long bone is the

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shaft

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The membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone is the

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endosteum

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Dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum are

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compact bone

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The outermost layer of the bone is the

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periosteum

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The soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of the long bones is called

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yellow marrow

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The set of vertebrae that forms the inward curve of the spine is called

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lumbar

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The first set of seven bones forming the neck is called the

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cervical vertebrae

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The medical term for the collarbone is

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clavicle

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The upper jawbone is called the

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maxilla

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The term that means shoulder blade is

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scapula

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The wrist bones are called the

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carpal bones

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The upper arm bone is called the

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humerus

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The upper, wing-shaped portion of the pelvic bone is called the

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ilium

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The term that means upper leg bone is

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femur

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The foot bones are called the

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metatarsals

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The smooth layer of firm fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints is called

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articular cartilage

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The flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint is the

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ligament

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The small, fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another is called the

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bursa

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The structure that attaches muscle to bone is called the

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tendon

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The type of muscle tissue that is striated and voluntary is

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skeletal

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Movement that turns the palms up is called

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supination

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Moving away from the midline is a movement called

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abduction

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Rotation is a movement described as

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turning around its own axis

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The movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position is

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extension

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The combining form that means rib is

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cost/o

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The combining form that means kneecap is

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patell/o

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The combining form stern/o is defined as

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breast bone

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The combining form spondyl/o is defined as

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vertebra

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The combining form that means lower jawbone is

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mandibul/o

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The combining form that means cartilage is

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chondr/o

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The combining form that means joint is

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arthr/o

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In the medical term ankyl/osis, the word root means

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crooked, stiff, bent

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The combining form that means bone is

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oste/o

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A combining form for tendon is

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tend/o

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The combining form for bone marrow is

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myel/o

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The combining form that means movement, motion is

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kinesi/o

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Scoli/o is defined as

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crooked, curved

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The combining form that means hump (increased convexity) of the spine is

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kyph/o

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The prefix inter- means

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between

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A prefix for together, joined is

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syn-

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The suffix -clasis is defined as a

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break

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The suffix -asthenia is defined as a

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weakness

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The suffix -physis is defined as a

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growth

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The term rhabdomyolysis is defined as

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dissolution of striated muscle

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The term ankylosis is defined as

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an abnormal condition of stiffness

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The term that means inflammation of a tendon is

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tendinitis

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The term that means inflammation of the bone is

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osteitis

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The term myasthenia is defined as

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muscle weakness

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The term that means abnormal condition of the vertebra is

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spondylosis

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The term that means (congenital) fissure of the skull is

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cranioschisis

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The term that means abnormal condition of a (lateral) curved (spine)

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scoliosis

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The term that means pain in the fibrous tissue and muscles is

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fibromyalgia

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The term spondylarthritis is defined as inflammation of the

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vertebral joints

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A malignant tumor of the bone is called

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osteosarcoma

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An abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe is called

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bunion

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A form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine is

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ankylosing spondylitis

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The term that means abnormal loss of bone density, which may lead to fractures from slight trauma, is

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osteoporosis

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Muscular dystrophy is defined as

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a group of hereditary diseases characterized by muscle degeneration and weakness

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The term for a common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist is

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carpal tunnel syndrome

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A disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints is

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gout

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The term that means an abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone is

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exostosis

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A bacterial infection carried by a deer tick is

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Lyme disease

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Forward slipping of one vertebra over another is

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spondylolisthesis

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The term arthrodesis is defined as

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the surgical fixation of a joint

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The surgical repair of cartilage is called

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chondroplasty

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The fusing together of the vertebrae or spinal fusion is termed

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spondylosyndesis

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The surgical repair of a tendon and a muscle is called

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tenomyoplasty

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The structure excised in a phalangectomy is the

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finger or toe bone

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The term vertebroplasty is defined as

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the surgical repair of the vertebra

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The term rachiotomy is defined as an incision

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into the vertebral column

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The term that means suture of a muscle is

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myorrhaphy

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The term osteoclasis is defined as the

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(surgical) breaking of a bone

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The visual examination of a joint is an

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arthroscopy

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The diagnostic term that means the radiographic imaging of a joint is

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arthrography

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The term that means pertaining to below the ribs is

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subcostal

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The term that means pertaining to the vertebrae and the ribs is

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vertebrocostal

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An abnormal condition involving the death of bone (tissue) is

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osteonecrosis

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The term dyskinesia is defined as movement that is

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difficult

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The term that means pertaining to the wrist is

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carpal

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The term that means a developing bone cell is

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osteoblast

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The term symphysis is defined as

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growing together

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The meaning of the medical term hyperkinesia is

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excessive movement

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A term that references two lower arm bones is

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ulnoradial

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A specialist who treats and diagnoses foot diseases and disorders, such as corns and ingrown toenails, is a(n)

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podiatrist

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The term that means a system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column is

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chiropractic

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A type of bone cell that works in balance with osteoblasts to maintain healthy bone tissue is

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osteoclast

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A physician who studies and treats diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system is

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an orthopedist

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The branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system is

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orthopedics

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A record of the electrical activity in a (skeletal) muscle is abbreviated as

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EMG

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The abbreviation for the first vertebra in the neck is

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C1

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To assist in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, the doctor may use a procedure involving a surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid called a/an

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arthrocentesis

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A muscle biopsy and electromyography confirmed the patient's diagnosis as a group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness or

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muscular dystrophy

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Because of the patient's open fracture, she had contracted inflammation of the bone and bone marrow or

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osteomyelitis

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A vitamin D deficiency in adults may cause the softening of bones or

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osteomalacia

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An abnormal condition of stiffness, causing the footplate of the stapes to become fixed resulting in conductive hearing loss is called stapedial

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ankylosis

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The physician's assistant, during a routine physical examination, recorded on the patient's medical record "crepitus of the right knee." She observed

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sound

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The patient is scheduled in surgery for a THA. She is having surgery on her

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hip

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The elderly patient was diagnosed as having an abnormal reduction of connective tissue (loss of skeletal muscle mass) or

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sarcopenia

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The physician, after hearing the patient's complaints of widespread pain and stiffness, fatigue, and inability to get a good night's sleep, suspected that the pain involved the fibrous tissues and muscles and that the patient had

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fibromyalgia

MedTerm Ch 14 – Flashcards

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