question

The principle crops in the Roman Empire were

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grapes, olives, wheat

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Of the three medieval periods - Early, Central, and Late Middle Ages - which one, according to Bennett, was the most peaceful and prosperous?

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Central Middle Ages

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What country was not part of the Roman Empire at its height ca. 180 C.E.?

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Ireland

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The holy meal of early Christians was called Eucharist, which is Greek for

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Thanksgiving

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Stories of Christian saints are called

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Hagiography

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In the early centuries of Christianity, men and women could become known as saints by

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Dying in the arena

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Arian Christians believed that Jesus

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was not divine

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Saint Jerome's greatest achievement, according to Bennett, was

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translating the Bible into Latin

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Augustine of Hippo became a Christian after a conversion experience in which he heard a childish voice from heaven telling him to

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read a Bible passage

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Where did Byzantium get its government, religion, and culture?

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Government: Rome. Religion: Christianity. Culture: Greece.

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Byzantium's main political stance was

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defensive

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Monophysites believed

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Christ was God in a human body

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The main language in most of Byzantium was

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Greek

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Iconoclasts did not believe that images of the saints were

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Imbued with miraculous power

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Bulgars and Russians converted to

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Orthodox Christianity

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The Hijra, which occurred in 622, was

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The Prophet's flight from Mecca

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The following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam

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Carry out jihad

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Before 1000, who had the least religious authority: Christian Kings, the Caliphs, or Byzantine Emperors?

answer

Christian Kings

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Dhimmis could remain in al-Andalus as long as they paid taxes, accepted rule by the Caliph, and

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did not proselytize

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The Treaty of Verdun solved the problem of

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who should inherit Charlemagne's empire

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Beginning in the early 9th century, Europe was attacked by

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Muslim pirates, Magyars, and Vikings

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Which country was not attacked by Vikings?

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Italy

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Which factor did not propel young Scandinavians to go a-viking?

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conversion to Christianity

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King Alfred of England, who defeated the Danes and unified the English under his leadership, was also known for

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Gathering scholars to his court

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According to Judith Bennett, feudalism was a result of

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The fragmentation of Charlemagne's Empire

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The term "feudalism" is confusing to modern students and historians because

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it is not a medieval term.

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Feudalism flourished where royal government

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was weak

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In the 10th century, a noble person became noble by

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Being born noble

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After the disintegration of Charlemagne's Empire, England united under its strongest king, Francia dissolved into feudal territories, Germany supported a new Ottonian Empire, and Italy

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became divided into city-states

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Summarize the circumstances of the medieval West, Byzantium, and the Islamic states between 1000 and 1300?

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the West began to prosper, while the fortunes of Byzantium and Islam declined.

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Most medieval peasants lived within three critical institutions: manors, villages, and

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parishes

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Masters, apprentices and journeymen were regulated by medieval

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Guilds

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Burghers and burgesses

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lived in cities and towns

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Manorialism allowed medieval elites

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to extract wealth from the peasantry

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Godric of Finchale ended his life as a hermit, but before that he made a fortune as

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a seafaring merchant

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Charlemagne was really

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about 6' tall

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Usury was

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the loaning of money at interest

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The Central Middle ages are dated in your textbook as circa

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1000-1300

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Godric of Finchale lived for 100 years and during his life he was both

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a merchant and a hermit

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A furlong gets it name from

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the distance an ox team could pull a heavy plough

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Feudalism as a social-political system worked because the medieval elite

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were supported by laboring peasantry

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"Feudal Society" is a better description of the social-political organization because

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There was no such thing as feudalism and feudal can describe other medieval societies (Japanese medieval society)

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Vassalage refers to which of the following

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distribution of booty

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One sign that the natural environment of medieval Europe grew more favorable for agriculture after about 800 C.E. was

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summer lasted longer

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One reason the two field system was less efficient that the three field system was because

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the two field system diminished nitrogen in the soil

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What was not the right of noble lords?

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Choosing the pope

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Townspeople and the local manorial lord typically formalized their relationship by

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commissioning a written charter

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The main goals of the 11th-century ecclesiastical reforms were, according to Bennett,

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improve moral character of the clergy and limit lay influence over Church matters

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The "Two Swords Theory" argued that

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both swords belong to the Pope who, as the Vicar of Christendom, could give the temporal sword, but not the spiritual sword, to whomever he pleased

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One of the ancient inspirations for the 11th-12th-century reorganization of canon law was renewed study of

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Justinian's "Corpus Iuris Civilis"

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Medieval university graduates found employment as

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priests, bishops, clerks, bureaucrats, and lawyers

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What was NOT a new monastic order of the Central Ages

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Cathars

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What was NOT considered heretical by Church leaders of the Central Middle Ages

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radical poverty

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Canossa was the place where

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Henry IV knelt in the snow

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St. Francis is famous because

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he founded a new order of wandering beggars

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The term "Reconquest" is usually used with reference to

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Christian advance against Muslim lands in Iberia

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In the 11th century, Sicily and the southern Italian peninsula fell under control of

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Normans

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The First Crusade was preached by Pope Urban II in 1095. It

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captured Jerusalem

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The "military orders" were designed to accommodate

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ordinary people who wanted to participate in the crusades

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In the history of Jewish-Christian relations in the Middle-Ages, the twelfth century marks the beginning of

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violent persecutions of Jews by Christians

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A great soldier and leader, Richard the Lion-Hearted was also

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a crusader and a relentless collector of taxes

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The medieval crusader states were established in modern-day

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Israel, Lebanon, Syria

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Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) is associated with

answer

the Cluniac reform

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In historical reality, the winner of the controversy between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII was

answer

Gregory

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After c. 1250, the Holy Roman Empire

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was a weak confederation

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Louis IX of France ruled from 1226 to 1270. He is associated with

answer

royal sanctity

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The Angevin Empire refers to lands held by

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Henry II of England, c. 1175

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Henry II of England gained massive territory in France by

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marrying an heiress

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Between 1000 and 1300, monarchs in France

answer

exercised power only in the region surrounding Paris

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While lyrics, epics, and romances were aristocratic literature, fabliaux were enjoyed by

answer

non-aristocratic, urban audiences

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The debate over universals concerned whether

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Platonic archetypes (or ideals) were real

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Robert Grossteste and Roger Bacon were important

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scientists

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Peter Abelard died in 1142. Thomas Aquinas died in

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1274

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Geoffrey Chaucer wrote

answer

The Canterbury Tales

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"Sovereignty" means

answer

unchallenged authority over a state

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In consolidating power, late medieval kings faces two main challenges. What was NOT a major challenge?

answer

peasantry

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What statement about the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) is correct?

answer

It provoked the intervention of Joan of Arc

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Louis XI (r. 1461-1483)

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subdued the aristocrats of France

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Who Dominated Russia c. 1500?

answer

Muscovite Princes

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The story of William Tell is a symptom of the growing importance of

answer

nationalism

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The War of Roses refers to

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aristocratic factionalism in late medieval England

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Joan of Arc intervened in

answer

the Hundred Years War

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"New Monarchs" are called so because they

answer

consolidated power

question

In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured

answer

Constantinople

Medieval European History – Flashcards

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