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Acquired Immunity

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Production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.

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Adenoids

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Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

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Antibody

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Protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens.

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Antigen

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Substance that the body recognizes as foreign;evokes an immune response. Most of these are proteins or proteins fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells.

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Axillary Nodes

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Lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm).

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B cell (B lymphocyte)

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Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

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Cervical nodes

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Lymph nodes in the neck region.

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Complement system

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Proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target.

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Cytokines

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Proteins that aid to destroy antigens and regulate the immune response. Examples are interferons and interleukins.

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Cytotoxic T cell

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T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells (CD8+ cell or T8 cell)

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Dendritic cell

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Specialized macrophage that disgests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction.

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Helper T cell

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Lymphocyte that aids B cells and cytotoxic T cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production;also called CD4+ cell or T4 cell.

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Immunity

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Body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins. This includes the natural and acquired forms.

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Immunoglobulins

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Antibodies (gramma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen.

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Immunotherapy

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Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease.

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Inguinal nodes

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Lymph nodes in the grion region.

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Interferons

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Anti-viral proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells (lymphocytes)to aid and regulate the immune response.

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Interleukins

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Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes.

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Interstitial fluid

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Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

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Lymph

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Thin watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body.

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Lymph capillaries

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Tiniest lymphatic vessels.

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Lymphoid organs

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Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.

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Lymph node

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A collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels.

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Lymph vessel

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Carrier of lymph throughout the body; They empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.

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Macrophage

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Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissue of the body.

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Mediastinal nodes

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Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity.

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Monoclonal antibody

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Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. It is useful in immunotherapy.

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inate or non-specific immunity

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Protection that an individual inherits to fight infection.

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Plasma cell

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Transformed B cell (Lymphocyte) that produces and secretes antibodies.

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Right lymphatic duct

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Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body.

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Spleen

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Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells.

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Suppressor T cell

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Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell).

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T cell (T lymphocyte)

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Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.

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Tolerance

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The ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as self or friendly. Once this is established, the immune system will not react against the body.

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Thoracic duct

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Large lymphatic vessels in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest.

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Thymus gland

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Organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response. School for T cells.

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Tonsils

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Mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx.

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Toxin

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Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants.

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Vaccination

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Introduction or exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen or vaccine containing dead or weakened antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that processes the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection. It is a type of acquired immunity.

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Vaccine

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Weakened or killed microorganisms or altered antigens, given to induced immunity to infection or disease.

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allergen

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an antigen capable of causing allergy (hypersensitivity)

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allergy

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abnormal hypersensitivity reaction acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen) or foreign proteins.

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atopy

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Intense allergic reaction or allergic state arising from or influenced by hereditary tendency or predisposition.

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autoimmune disease

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chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues; multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus are examples.

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cell-mediated immunity

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Type of immune response that involves T cell lymphocytes. These lymphocytes act directly on antigens to destroy them.

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Hodgkin disease

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Malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes. Characterized by lymphadenopathy (lymph nodes enlarge), splenomegaly, fever, weakness and loss of weight and appetite. Marked by Reed-Sternberg cell identified in lymph nodes.

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Humoral immunity

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Type of immune response in which a B cell lymphocyte transforms into a plasma cell and secretes antibodies.

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immunoelectrophoresis

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Lab test that separates immunoglobulins.

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immunosuppression

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blocking or turning off the normal immune response.

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Kaposi sarcoma

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malignant tumor of skin and connective tissue associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules.

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lymphocytosis

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increased in numbers of lymphocytes(white blood cells) in the bloodstream.

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lymphoma

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malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.

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natural killer cell

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lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys foreign cells by releasing proteins called cytokines.

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Non-Hodgkin lymphomas

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Malignant tumor of cells (follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma) found in the lymph nodes and sleep.

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herpes simplex

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viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or on the genitals and can also cause encephalitis.

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cryptoccosis (cryptoccal infection)

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yeast like fungus causes lung, brain, blood, meninges and skin infections. Pathogen is found in pigeaon droppings and nesting places, air, water, and soil.

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lymph

answer

thin watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout body

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lymph nodes

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collection of stationary, solid lymphatic tissue along lymph tissue

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lymphedema

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swelling of tissues due to interstitial fluid accumulation

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interstitial fluid

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fluid in spaces between cells

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lymphadenopathy

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disease of the lymph glands

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spleen

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organ in LUQ of abdomen that destroys worn-out RBCs, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood

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splenomegaly

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enlargement of spleen

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splenectomy

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removal of spleen

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thymectomy

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removal of thymus gland

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anaphylaxis

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extraordinary hypersensitivity to a foreign protein; marked by hypotension, shock and respiratory

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immunity

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body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs

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toxic

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pertaining to poison

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HIV

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human immunodeficieny virus

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AIDS

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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (disease)

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ELISA

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screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the blood, if positive results that western blot will be conducted

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western blot test

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definitive test to determine if patient has HIV

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kaposi sarcoma

answer

malignancy associated with AIDS, cancer arising from lining cells of capillaries that produces purplish skin nodules

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hodgkin disease

answer

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes (Reed-Sternberg cell)

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Non-hodgkin Lymphoma

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composed of collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle or nodule arrangement and are mostly B cell lymphomas and rarely T cell malignancies

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Multiple Myeloma

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malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

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KS

answer

kaposi sarcoma

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NHL

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non-hodgkin lymphoma

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PCP

answer

pneumocystis pneumonia opportunistic

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lymph/o

answer

lymph

Medical Terminology Week 7 (Chap. 14) – Flashcards

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