Medical Terminology Ch 7 Urinary System – Flashcards
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cali/o, calic/o
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combining form for Calyx (cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis)
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glomerul/o
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combining form for glomerulus (tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney)
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meat/o
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combining form for meatus (opening or canal)
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nephr/o, ren/o
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combining forms for kidney (two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region that filters waste from the bloodstream to form urine)
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pyel/o
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combining form for renal pelvis
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trigon/o
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combining form for trigone (triangular area in the urinary bladder)
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ureter/o
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combining form for ureter (2 tubes leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder)
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urethr/o
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combining form for urethra (tube from urinary bladder to outside the body)
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vesic/o, cyst/o
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combining forms for urinary bladder
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albumin/o
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combining form for albumin
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azot/o
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combining form for nitrogen
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bacteri/o
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combining form for bacteria
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dips/o
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combining form for thirst
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kal/o
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combining form for potassium
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ket/o, keton/o
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combining form for Ketone bodies
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lith/o
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combining form for stone
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natr/o
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combining form for sodium
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noct/o
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combining form for night
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olig/o
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combining form for scanty (very little)
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py/o
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combining form for pus
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ur/o
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combining form for urine ((urea) - major nitrogenouse wast excreted in urine)
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urin/o
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combining form for urine
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-poietin
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suffix - substance that forms
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-tripsy
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suffix - crushing
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-uria
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suffix - urination; urine condition
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caliectasis
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medical term for widening/dialation fo calyx
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caliceal
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medical term meaning PT the calyx
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cystitis
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medical term meaning inflammation of the urinary bladder
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cystectomy
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medical term for excision of the urinary bladder
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cystostomy
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medical term for a new opening in the urinary bladder
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glomerular capsule
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medical term for the enclosing structure that surrounds each glomerulus; also known as the Bowman capsule - collects the material that is filtered from the blodd through the walls of the glomerulus.
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meatal stenosis
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medical term for narrowing of the opening or canal
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paranephric
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medical term for PT near the kidney
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nephropathy
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medical term meaning kidney disease
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nephroptosis
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medical term for sagging, drooping of kidney
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nephrolithotomy
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medical term for an incision into the kidney to remove a stone
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hydronephrosis
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medical term for abnormal condition of water in the kidney
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nephrostomy
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medical term for new opening in the kidney
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pyelolithotomy
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medical term meaning to cut into the renal pelvis to remove a stone
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renal ischemia
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medical term for holding back blood from the kidney
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renal colic
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medical term meaning intermittent spasms of pain in the kidney
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trigonitis
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medical term meaning inflammation of the trigone
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ureteroplasty
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medical term meaning surgical repair of the ureter
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ureteroileostomy
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medical term for the formation of a new bladder from a peice of ileum (also called ileal conduit)
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urethritis
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medical term for inflammation of the urethra
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urethroplasty
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medical term for surgical repair of the urethra
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urethral stricture
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medical term for abnormal narrowing of the urethro
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intravesical
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medical term for PT within the urinary bladder
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vesicoureteral reflux
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medical term for PT urine flowing back up into the ureters
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albuminuria
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medical term for albumin in the urine
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microalbuminuria
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medical term for leakage of a very small amount of albumin through the glomeruli
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azotemia
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medical term for excessive nitrogen in te blood
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bacteriuria
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medical term for bacteria in the urine (usually a sign of a UTI)
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polydipsia
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medical term for excessive thirst (usually a sign of diabetes
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hyperkalemia
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medical term for excessive potassium in the blood
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ketosis
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medical term for elevated Ketones in the blood (often called ketoacidosis becaue acids accumulate in the blood and tissues - often patients iwth ketosis have a sweet of fruity ordor)
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ketonuria
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medical term for condition of ketones in the urine
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nephrolithiasis
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medical term for kidney stones (remal calculi)
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hyponatremia
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medical term for low sodium in the blood
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nocturia
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medical term for excessive urination at night
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oliguria
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medical term for scanty (very little) urine
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erythropoietin
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medical term for substance (hormone) that forms red blood cells (secreted by the kidney)
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pyuria
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medical term for puss in the urine
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lithotripsy
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medical term for crushing of stones
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uremia
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medical term for urine in the blood
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enuresis
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medical term for bed wetting (literally means condition of being in urine)
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diuresis
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medical term meaning complete urination
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antidiuretic hormone
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medical term for a hormone that prevents the formatin of urine (also called vasopressin)
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urinary incontinence
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medical term meaning not able to hold urine
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stress incontinence
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medical term - occurs with strain on the bladder opening during soughing or sneezing
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urgency incontinence
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medical term - occurs with inability to hold back urination when feeling the urge to void
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urinary retention
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medical term meaning unable to urinate
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dysuria
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medical term meaning painful urination
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anuria
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medical term meaning no urine (commonly caused by urinatry tract obstruction
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hematuria
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medical term meanng blood in the urine
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glycosuria
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medical term meaning sugar in the urine
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polyuria
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medical term meaning excessive urination (often a sympton of diabetes )
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glomerulonephritis
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medical condition - inflammatoin of the glomeruli within the kidney
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polycystic kidney disease
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medical condition - multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within the kidney
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pyelonephritis
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medical condition - inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
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renal hypertension
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medical condition - high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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diabetes insipidus
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medical condition - antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect (linked to obesity)
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diabetes mellitus
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medical condition - insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body
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blood urea nitrogen
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test/procedure - measurement of urea levels in the blood
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renal angiography
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test/procedure - x-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney
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cystoscopy
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test/procedure - direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
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hemodialysis (HD)
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test/procedure - uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patients bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patients body
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peritoneal dialysis (PD)
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test/procedure - uses a peritoneal catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity
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lithotripsy
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test/procedure - urinary tract stones are crushed
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renal angioplasty
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test/procedure - dilatino of narrowed areas in renal arteries
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renal biopsy
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test/procedure - removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examiniation
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renal transplantation
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test/procedure - surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
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urinary catheterization
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test/procedure - passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
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ADH
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abbreviation - antidiuretic hormone - vassopressin
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BUN
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abbreviation - blood urea nitrogen
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CRF
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abbreviation - chronic renal failure
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cysto
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abbreviation - cystoscopic examination
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HD
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abbreviation - hemodialysis
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KUB
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abbreviation - kidney, ureter and bladder
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PKD
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abbreviation - polycystic kidney disease
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UA
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abbreviation - urinalysis
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UTI
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abbreviation - urinary tract infection
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cortex
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vocabuluary - outer region of an organ (cortical means PT the cortex)
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catheter
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vocabulary - tube for injecting or removing fluids
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creatinine
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vocabulary - nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
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electrolyte
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vocabulary - chemical element that carries and electrical charge when dissolved in water (necessary for the functioning of muscles and nerves)
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filtration
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vocabulary - process whereby some but not all substances pass through a filter
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hilum
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vocabulary - depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
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medulla
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vocabulary - inner region or an organ (medullary means PT to the medulla)
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nephron
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vocabulary - combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption and secretion take place in the kidney
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nitrogenous waste
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vocabulary - substance containing nitrogen ad excreted in urine
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potassium (K+)
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vocabulary - electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood (potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses)
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renal artery
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vocabulary - blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
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renal pelvis
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vocabulary - central collecting region in the kidney
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renal tubule
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vocabulary - microscopic tubes inthe kidney where urine if formed after filtration
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renal vein
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vocabulary - blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
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renin
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vocabuary - hormone secreted by the kidney; raises blood pressure influencing narrowing of the blood vessels
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sodium (Na+)
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vocabulary - electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for poper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity and other metabolic functions
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uric acid
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vocabulary - nitrogenous wast excreted in the urine
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urinary bladder
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vocabulary - hollow, muscular sac that holods and stores urine
