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Nose

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nas/o. primary functions: exchanges air during inhaling and exhaling;warms, moisturizes, and filters inhaled air.

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Sinuses

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sinus/o primary functions: produce mucus for the nasal cavities, make bones of the skull lighter, aid in sound production.

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Pharynx

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pharyng/o primary functions: transports air back and forth between the nose and the trachea.

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Larynx

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laryng/o primary functions: makes speech possible.

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Epiglottis

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epiglott/o primary functions: closes off the trachea during swallowing.

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Trachea

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trache/o primary functions: transports air back and forth between the pharynx and the bronchi.

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Bronchi

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bronch/o, bronchi/o primary functions: transport air from the trachea into the lungs.

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Alveoli

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alveol/o primary functions: Air sacs that exchange gases with the pulmonary capillary blood.

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Lungs

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pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o primary functions: bring oxygen into the body, and remove carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body.

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bronch/o, bronchi/o

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bronchial tube, bronchus

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laryng/o

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larynx, throat

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nas/o

answer

nose

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ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

answer

oxygen

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pharyng/o

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throat, pharynx

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phon/o

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sound, voice

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pleur/o

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pleura, side of the body

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-pnea

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breathing

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pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-

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lung, air

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pulm/o, pulmon/o

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lung

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sinus/o

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sinus

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somn/o

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sleep

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spir/o

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to breathe

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thorac/o, -thorax

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chest, pleural cavity

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trache/o, trachea

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windpipe

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alveoli

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also known as air sacs, are the very small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole.

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anoxia

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the absence of oxygen from the body's tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood.

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antitussive

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commonly known as cough medicine, is administered to prevent or relieve coughing

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anti-

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against

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tuss

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cough

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-ive

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performs

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aphonia

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is the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.

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a-

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without

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phon

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sound or voice

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-ia

answer

abnormal condition

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asbestosis

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is caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually accurs after working with asbestos

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asbest

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asbestos

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-osis

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abnormal conditon or disease

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asphyxia

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is the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function.

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asthma

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is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reactions.

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atelectasis

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or collapsed lung, is the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax

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atel

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incomplete

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-estasis

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stretching or enlargement

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bradypnea

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is an abnormally slow rate of resipration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.

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brady-

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slow

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-pena

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breathing

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bronchodilator

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a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

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bronchorrhea

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is an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

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bronch/o

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bronchus

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-rrhea

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abnormal

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bronchoscopy

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is the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

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bronch/o

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bronchus

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-scpoy

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direct visual examination

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bronchospasm

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is a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening ans squeezing the airway shut

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broncho/o

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bronchi

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-spasm

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involuntary contraction

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Cheyne-Stokes respiration

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is an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow repiration followed by slower respiration or apnea.

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Croup

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is an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor.

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Cyanosis

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is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

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cyan

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blue

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-osis

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abnormal condition or disease

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Cystic fibrosis

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is a life-threatening genetic diorder in which the lungs and pancreas ae clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

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Diphtheria

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is an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract.

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Dysphonia

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is difficulty in speaking, which may include any impariment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of boy's voice during puberty,

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-ia

answer

abnormal condition

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dyspnea

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also known as shortnes of breath (SOB), is difficult or labored breathing

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dys-

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painful

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-pena

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breathing

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emphysema

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is the progressive, long-term of lung function, usually due to smoking.

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Empyema

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refers to a collection of pus in a body cavity.

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Endotracheal intubation

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is the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway, especially when a patient is on a ventilator

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endo-

answer

within

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trache

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trachea

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-al

answer

pertaining to

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Epistaxis

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also known as a nose-bleed, is bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, an injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure.

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Hemoptysis

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is the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulomonary or bronchial hemorrhage

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hem/o

answer

blood

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-ptysis

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spitting

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Hemothorax

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is a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

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hem/o

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blood

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-thorax

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chest

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Hypercapnia

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is the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

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hyper-

answer

excessive

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capn

answer

carbon dioxide

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-ia

answer

abnormal condition

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Hyperpnea

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which is commonly associated with exertion, is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal ar rest

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hyper-

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excessive

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-pnea

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breathing

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Hypoxemia

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is the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood, usually due to respiratory disorders or heart conditions

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hyp-

answer

deficient

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ox

answer

oxygen

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-emia

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blood

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hypoxia

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is the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body's tissues and organs; however, it is less severe than anoxia

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laryngectomy

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is the surgical removal of the larynx

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laryng

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larynx

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-otomy

answer

surgical incision

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Laryngitis

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is an inflammation of the larynx, this term is also commonly used to describe voice loss that is caused by this inflammation.

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Laryngoscopy

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is the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

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-sxopy

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direct visual examination

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laryngospasm

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is the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

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-spasm

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a sudden involuntary contraction

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mediastinum

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is the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs.

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Nebulizer

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is an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

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otolaryngologist

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also known as an ENT (ear, nose,throat) is a physician with specialzed training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disoders of the head and neck

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perussis

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also known as whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration.

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Pharyngitis

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also known as a sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx.

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Phlegm

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is thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages.

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Pleurisy

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also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity.

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Pleurodynia

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is a sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

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-dynia

answer

pain

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Pneumoconiosis

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is any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

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Pneumonectomy

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is the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

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Pneumonia

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is a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

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Pneumothorax

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is the accumulation of air in the pleural

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polysomnograpy

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also known as a sleep study measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

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pulmonologist

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is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

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pulse oximeter

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is an external monitor placed on the patient's fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

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pyothorax

answer

also known as empyema of the pleural cavity is the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

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sinusitis

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is an inflammation of the sinuses

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sleep apnea

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is a potentially serious disoder in which breathing repeatedly stops

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spirometer

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is a recording device that measure the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath

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Tachypnea

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is an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

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Thoracentesis

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is the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

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thoracotomy

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is a surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

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Tracheostomy

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is the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

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tracheotomy

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is a procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

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tuberculosis

answer

which is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs; however, it can also affect other parts of the body.

Medical Terminology Ch. 7 – The Respiratory system – Flashcards

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