Medical Terminology Ch 7 Dermatology – Flashcards
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Integumentary System
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The extremely large, flat, flexible body system that covers the entire body and consists of the skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails.
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Cutaneous
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Pertaining to the skin. cutane/o- skin
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Dermatitis
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Any condition caused by disease or injury that results in inflammation or infection of the skin.
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Edema
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Excessive amounts of fluid move from the blood into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and cause swelling.
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Hemorrhage
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A trauma to the skin which causes a small or large amount of blood.
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Petechia (peh-TEE-kee-ah)
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Pinpoint hemorrhages in the skin caused from capillary rupture. Plural: Petechiae (peh-TEE-kee-ee)
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Contusion
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Any size hemorrhage under the skin caused by trauma.
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Ecchymosis (ek-ih-MOH-sis)
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A hemorrhage under the skin that is 3cm (diameter) or larger. ecchym/o- blood in the tissues
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Hematoma
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An elevated, localized collection of blood under the skin; bruise.
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Lesion
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Any visible damage to or variation from normal of the skin. Includes cysts, scales, fissures, etc.
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Cyst
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A lesion that is an elevated, circular mound filled with a semisolid or liquid. Ex: Cystic Acne
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Fissure
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A lesion that is a small, cracklike crevice with a red appearance with no contents. Ex: Dry skin
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Macule
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A flat circular brown or black spot on the skin with no inside content. Ex: a freckle or mole
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Papule
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An elevated skin colored or red lesion with solid contents. Ex: Acne pimple
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Pustule
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A lesion that is elevated with a white top and contains pus. Ex: Acne whitehead
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Scale
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A lesion that is flat to slightly elevated, similar to a thin flake, and that is usually white in color with no internal content.
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Vesicle
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A red skin lesion with a clear pointed top filled with clear fluid. Ex: herpes, chickenpox
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Wheal
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A lesion that is red and elevated with a broad, flat, pale top usually filled with clear fluid. Ex: insect bite
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Neoplasm
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Any benign or malignant new growth that occurs on or in the skin.
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Benign
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Non-cancerous
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Malignant
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Cancerous malign/o- intentionally causing harm; cancer
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Pruritus (proo-RY-tus)
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Itching
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Xeroderma (zeer-oh-DER-mah)
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Excessive dryness of the skin caused by aging, cold weather, dehydration, etc.
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Albinism
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A lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and iris of the eye.
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Cyanosis
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Blueish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails due to a decreased level of oxygen in the blood.
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Erythema
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Reddish discoloration of the skin, can be widespread or localized (sunburn; infection)
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Jaundice
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Yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes assocaited with liver disease.
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Necrosis
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Gray-to-black discoloration of the skin in areas where the tissue has died.
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Pallor
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Unnatural paleness due to a lack of blood supply to the tissue.
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Vitiligo (vit-ih-LY-goh)
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An autoimmune disorder in which the melanocytes are slowly destroyed in irregular and ever-enlarging areas.
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Depigmentation
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The removal of pigmentation.
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Abrasion
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Sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis (brush burn) abras/o- scrape off
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Blister
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Repetitive rubbing injury that mechanically separates the epidermis from the dermis and releases tissue fluid that fills the lesion.
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Callus
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Repetitive rubbing injury that causes the epidermis to gradually thicken into a wide, elevated pad.
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Cicatrix (SIK-ah-triks)
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Firbrous tissue composed of collagen that forms as an injury heals; SCAR
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Keloid
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A very firm, abnormally large scar that is bigger than the original injury, caused by the overproduction of collagen. kel/o- tumor; -oid - resembling
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Decubitus Ulcer
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A sort of lesion caused by constant pressure to a particular area of the skin that restricts blood flow; bedsore
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Excoriation (eks-kor-ee-AA-shun)
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Superficial injury with a sharp object such as a fingernail, animal claw, or thorn that creates a scratch.
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Laceration
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Deep, penetrating wound with a clean cut or torn, ragged appearance.
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Abscess
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Localized, pus-containing pocket under the skin caused by a bacterial infection.
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Furuncle (FYOOR-ung-kl)
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A localized, elevated abscess around a hair follicle in which the skin is inflamed and painful; BOIL
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Carbuncle
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An extensive skin eruption, similar to but larger than a boil, with several openings: caused by staphylococcal infection
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Cellulitis
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Spreading inflammation and infection of the connective tissues of the skin and muscle.
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Herpes
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Skin infection caused by the herpes virus causing clustered vesicles, erythema, edema, and pain.
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Herpes Simplex
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HSV type 1 that forms small lesions on the lips due to stress and illness; cold sores or fever blisters.
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Herpes Varicella-Zoster
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HSV type 2 which is an STD that causes vesicles in the genital region.
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Tinea
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Skin infection caused by a fungus that feeds on epidermal cells.
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Tinea Capitis
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Tinea that occurs on the scalp and causes hair loss.
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Tinea Corporis
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Tinea that occurs on the trunk of the body.
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Tinea Cruris
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Tinea that occurs in the groin and genital areas known as "jock itch"
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Tinea Pedis
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Tinea that occurs on the feet and is known as "athlete's foot"
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Verruca (veh-ROO-kah)
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Irregular, rough skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus; WART
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Pediculosis
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Infestation of lice and their eggs (nits) in the scalp, hair, eyelashes, or genital hair. pedicul/o- lice
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Scabies
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Infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce vesicles that are itchy.
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Actinic Keratoses (ak-TIN-ik)
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Raised, irregular, rough areas of skin that are dry and feel like sandpaper caused by long-term sun damage.
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Hemangioma (hee-man-jee-OH-mah)
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Congenital growth composed of a mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels.
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Lipoma
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Benign growth of adipose tissue from the subcutaneous layer. Fatty tumor.
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Nevus
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Benign skin lesion that is present at birth and comes in a variety of colors and shapes; known as a mole (or birthmark)
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Papilloma (pap-ih-LOH-mah)
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Small, soft, flesh-colored growth of epidermis and dermis that protrudes outwardly; known as a skin tag.
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Syndactyly (sin-DAK-tih-lee)
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Congenital abnormality in which the skin and soft tissues are joined between the fingers and/or toes; webbed fingers or toes.
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Polydactlyl
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A congenital abnormality in which there are extra fingers or toes.
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Xanthoma (zan-THOH-mah)
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Benign growth that is a yellow nodule or plaque on the hands, elbows, knees, or feet seen in patients with diabetes
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Skin cancer that begins in the basal layer of the epidermis; most common form of skin cancer.
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Malignant Melanoma
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Skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes in the epidermis that grows quickly and metastasizes to other parts of the body.
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4 Characteristics of Malignancy
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A - Asymmetry; one side of the lesion has a different shape than the other. B - Border or edge is irregular or ragged C - Color varies from black to brown (or red) within the same lesion D - Diameter is greater than 6mm (1/4 inch)
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Skin cancer that begins in the flat squamous cells of the superficial layer of the epidermis; usually begins as actinic keratosis.
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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Skin cancer that begins in connective tissue of lymph nodes with tumors that are elevated, irregular, and dark reddish-blue.
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Psoriasis
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Autoimmune disorder that produces an excessive number of epidermal cells which causes lesions that are itchy, red, and covered with silver scales.
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Scleroderma (sklair-oh-DER-mah)
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Autoimmune disorder that causes the skin and internal organs to progressively harden due to deposits of collagen.
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Systematic Lupus Erythematosus
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Autoimmune disorder with deterioration of collagen in the skin and connective tissues that causes joint pain, sensitivity to sunlight, and a rash.
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Acne Vulgaris
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The excess production of sebum on the face during puberty that clogs pores/follicles which cause lesions to form.
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Comedo
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A blackhead; caused by dirt trapped in pores.
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Acne Rosacia
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Chronic skin condition of the face in middle-aged patients in which the sebaceous glands secrete excessive amounts of sebum.
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Rhinophyma (ry-noh-FY-mah)
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An erythematous, irregular enlargement of the nose.
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Seborrhea (seb-oh-REE-ah)
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Overproduction of sebum, particularly on the face and scalp, that occurs at a time other than puberty.
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Anhidrosis (an-hy-DROH-sis)
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Congenital absence of sweat glands and inability to tolerate heat.
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Diaphoresis (dy-ah-foh-REE-sis)
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Profuse sweating caused by an underlying condition such as hyperthyroidism or drug withdrawal
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Alopecia
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Acute or chronic loss of scalp hair.
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Folliculitis (foh-lih-kyoo-LY-tis)
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Inflammation or infection of the hair follicle that occurs after shaving, plucking, or waxing.
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Hirsutism (HER-soo-tizm)
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The presence of excessive, dark hair on the forearms and over the upper lip (in a woman)
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Schizotrichia (skiz-oh-TRIH-kee-ah)
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Split ends (hair)
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Onychomycosis (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis)
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Fungal infection of the finger or toenails.
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Paronychia (par-oh-NIH-kee-ah)
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Bacterial infection of the skin next to the cuticle.
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Allergy Skin Tests
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Test in which antigens (animal dander, foods, plants, etc.) in a liquid form are given to intradermal injections into the skin.
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Exudate
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The oozing fluid fom a lesion (ulcer)
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Cryosurgery
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Procedure in which liquid nitrogen is sprayed or painted onto a wart, mole, or other benign lesion.
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Curettage (kyoor-eh-TAWZH)
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Procedure that uses a curet to scrape off a superficial skin lesion.
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Debridement (deh-BREED-maw)
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Procedure in which necrotic tissue is debrided (removed) from a burn, would, or ulcer to prevent infection, prepare skin for a graft, etc.
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Electrosurgery
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Procedure that involves the use of electrical current to remove a nevus, wart, skin tag, or small malignant lesion.
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Laser Surgery
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Procedure that uses pulses of laser light to remove birthmarks, tattoos, unwanted hair, etc.
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Dermabrasion
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Skin resurfacing that uses a rapidly spinning wire brush or diamond surface to mechanically abrade (scrape away) the epidermis.
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Biopsy (Bx)
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Procedure done in a dermatologist's office or the hospital to remove all or part of a skin lesion or tumor and sent to a pathologist for examination.
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Excisional Biopsy
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Procedure that uses a scalpel to remove an entire skin lesion or tumor.
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Incisional Biopsy
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Procedure that uses a scalpel to make an incision to remove part of a skin lesion or tumor.
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Dermatoplasty (DER-mah-toh-plas-tee)
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Any type of plastic surgery procedure of the skin; skin grafting, facelift, etc.
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Liposuction
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Procedure to remove excessive adipose tissue deposits from the body.
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Skin Grafting
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Procedure that uses human, animal, artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or a permanent layer of skin over a burn or wound.
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Allograft
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Skin graft that is taken from a cadaver.
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Autograft
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Skin graft that is taken from another part of a patient's own body.
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Xenograft
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Skin graft of just the dermis that is taken from an animal (pig); temporary xen/o- foreign
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Anesthetic
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A drug that provides temporary numbness of the skin to treat injuries and skin diseases or to remove skin lesions.
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Antibiotic
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A drug used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, or acne vulgaris.
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Antifungal
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A drug used to treat ringworm (tinea) or fungal infection of the nails (when applied topically.)
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Antipruritic (proo-RIH-tik)
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A drug used to decrease itching.
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Antiviral
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A drug used to treat herpes simplex viral infections.
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Corticosteroid
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A drug used to treat skin inflammation from contact dermatitis, psoriasis, or eczema.
