Craniostenosis & Fibrous Dysplasia
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Craniostenosis
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a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. crani/o = skull -stenosis = abnormal narrowing
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Fibrous dysplasia
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a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scarlike) tissue. This leads to uneven growth, brittleness, and deformity of the affected bones.
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Ostealgia aka osteodynia
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pain in bone oste = bone algia = pain
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Osteitis also spelled ostitis
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an inflammation of a bone
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Osteomalacia aka adult rickets
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abnormal softening of bones in adults oste/o = bone -malacia = abnormal softening. This condition is usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, and/or phosphate.
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Osteomyelitis
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an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone (oste/o = bone, myel = bone marrow, and -itis = inflammation). The bacterial infection that causes osteomyelitis often originates in another part of the body and spreads to the bone via the blood.
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Osteonecrosis
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the death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply (oste/o means bone, and -necrosis means tissue death).
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Paget's disease aka osteitis deformans
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a bone disease of unknown cause. This condition is characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is structurally enlarged, but weakened and filled with new blood vessels.
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Periostitis
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an inflammation of the periosteum peri- = surrounding, ost = bone, and -itis = inflammation. This condition is often associated with shin splints.
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Rickets aka infantile osteomalacia
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a deficiency disease occurring in children. This condition, which is characterized by defective bone growth, results from a vitamin D deficiency that is sometimes due to insufficient exposure to sunlight
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Short stature, formerly known as dwarfism, aka little people
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a condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk. The average adult height is no more than 4 feet 10 inches.
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talipes aka clubfoot
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describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones).
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Primary bone cancer is a relatively rare malignant tumor
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example = Ewing's sarcoma; occurs in the bones of the upper arm, legs, pelvis or rib- usually develops between 10-20 years of age.
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Secondary bone cancer describes tumors that have metastasized and spread) to . . .
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. . . bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs.
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myeloma
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is a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow - causes pathologic fractures and is often fatal. myel = bone marrow -oma = tumor
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osteochondroma also called exostosis
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oste/o=bone chondr=cartilage -oma=tumor benign means not life-threatening and does not recur.
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Osteoporosis
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a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging oste/o= bone por = small opening -osis means abnormal condition or disease
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Osteoporosis-Related Fractures
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1. vertebral crush fracture 2.Dowager's hump 3. Colle's fracture 4.broken hip
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vertebral crush fracture aka compression fracture
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when bone compresses on itself, usually caused by spontaneous collapse of weakened vertebrae or due to an injury
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Dowager's hump
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spinal curvature
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Colle's fracture
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fractured wrist (distal end of radius), usually due to fall on outstretched hands FOOSH
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osteoporotic hip fracture aka broken hip
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usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall. complications lead to loss of mobility, independence or death.
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Osteopenia
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is thinner- than-average bone density oste/o = bone -penia = deficiency This term is used to describe the condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis but is at risk for developing it.
