Med Term ch 14 – Lymphatic and immune systems – Flashcards
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Adaptive immunity
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ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them - B cells and T cells
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adenoids
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mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
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antibody
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protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens
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antigen
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substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response
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axillary nodes
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lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)
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B cell
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lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
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cell mediated immunity
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T cells that respond to antigens and destroy them- type of adaptive immunity
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cervical nodes
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lymph nodes in the neck region
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complement system
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proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
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cytokines
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proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction - interferons and interleukins
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cytotoxic T cell
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lymphocyte that directly kills antigens
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dendritic cell
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antigen-presenting cell - shows T and B cells what to attack
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helper T cell
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lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells
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humoral immunity
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B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens - type of adaptive immunity
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immunity
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body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs - natural immunity and adaptive immunity
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immunoglobins
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antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgD - secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen
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immunotherapy
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use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease
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inguinal nodes
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lymph nodes in the groin area
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interferons
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proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
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interleukins
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proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
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interstitial fluid
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fluid in the spaces between cells - becomes lymph when enters lymph capillaries
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lymph
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thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
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lymph capillaries
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tiniest lymphatic vessels
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lymphoid organs
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lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
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lymph node
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collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
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lymph vessel
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carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
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macrophage
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large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
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mediastinal nodes
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lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity
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mesenteric nodes
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lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)
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monoclonal antibody
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antibody produce din a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy
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natural immunity
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protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells - not antigen specific and doesn't elicit memory
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paraaortic nodes
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lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body
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plasma cell
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lymphocyte that secretes antibodies - matures from B cells
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right lymphatic duct
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lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body - empties lymph into a large vein in the neck
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spleen
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organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood
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suppressor T cell
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lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells
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T cell / T lymphocyte
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lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
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tolerance
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ability of T cells to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly - once established, the immune system will not react against the body
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thoracic duct
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large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of thee body (head, neck, arm, and chest) - empties lymph into large veins in the neck
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thymus gland
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lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
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tonsils
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masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
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toxin
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poison; protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
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vaccination
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exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response - response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection
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vaccine
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weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease
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immun/o
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protection
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lymph/o
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lymph
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lymphaden/o
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lymph node (gland)
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splen/o
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spleen
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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tox/o
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poison
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ana-
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again, anew
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inter-
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between
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs)
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group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
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kaposi sarcoma
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cancer arising from the lining cells of capillaries that produces dark purplish skin nodules
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lymphoma
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cancer of lymph nodes
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wasting syndrome
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marked by weight loss and decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity, also may occur with AIDs
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allergy
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abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
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lymphoma
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malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissues
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Hodgkin disease
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malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes
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multiple myeloma
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malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
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thymoma
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malignant tumor of the thymus gland
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allergen
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substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body - type of antigen
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anaphylaxis
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exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
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atopy
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hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
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CD4+ cells
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helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface
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Hodgkin disease
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malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes
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HIV
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virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDs
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kaposi sarcoma
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malignant lesion associated with AIDs; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules
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non-Hodgkin lymphomas
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group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue
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opportunistic infections
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infectious diseases associated with AIDs; occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained
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protease inhibitor
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drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV
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reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)
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drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV
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wasting syndrome
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weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS
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CD4+ cell count
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measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS
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ELISA
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screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream
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immunoelectrophoresis
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test that separates immunoglobins
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viral load test
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measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream
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computed tomography (CT) scan
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x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures
