MBI 361- Epidemiology Matching Worksheet – Flashcards
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communicable disease
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an infectious disease that is contagious, or capable of being transmitted to susceptible hosts
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cancer
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a collective name that refers to a group of many diseases with one common characteristic- uncontrolled cell growth or the loss of the cell's ability to preform apoptosis (programmed cell death_
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congenital ro hereditary diseases
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genetic and familiar tendencies toward certain abnormalities; injury to the embryo or fetus by environmental factors, chemicals, or agents such as drugs, alcohol, or smoking; or innate developmental problems possibly used by chemicals or agents
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communicability
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ability to spread from infected to susceptible hosts
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defervescence
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the period when symptoms of a disease are declining
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convalescence
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the recovery period after an illness
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defection
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the period which the pathogen is killed or brought into remission by the immune system
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disease
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an interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems or organs
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degenerative disease
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progressive deterioration over time in the function of structor of the affected tissues or organs. whether few to normal bodily wear or lifestyle choices
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disability
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the diminished capacity to preform within a prescribed range
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what are tetanus, legionnaire's disease and anthrax?
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infectious, acute and noncommunicable
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what is mumps, cholera and influenza?
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infectious, acute and communicable
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what is syphilis, tuberculosis, ringworm?
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infectious, chronic and communicable
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what is heart disease, some types of cancer, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus?
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noninfectious, chronic and noncommunicable
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what is accidents, stroke and homicide?
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noninfectious, acute and noncommunicable
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what is toxoplasmosis?
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protozoal toxoplasmosis
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what is cutaneous larva migrans?
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nematode zoonosis
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what is ringworm?
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fungal zoonosis
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what is tularemia?
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bacterial zoonosis
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what is west nile fever?
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viral zoonosis
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what is psittacosis, parrot fever, bovine tuberculosis, bartonellosis?
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bacterial zoonoses
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what is rabies, dengue fever?
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viral zoonoses
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what is malaria, chugs disease, toxoplasmosis?
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protozoal zoonoses
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what is neurocysticercosis, echinococcosis?
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cestode zoonoses
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what is toxoplasmosis and babesiosis?
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protozoal zoonoses
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what is E.coli, rock mountain spotted fever?
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bacterial zoonoses
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what is bilharzia, schistosomiasis?
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trematode zoonosis
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what is trichinosis?
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nematode zoonosis
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what is bovine papular stomatitis, cowpox?
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viral zoonoses
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what is lyme disease, leptosiporsis. listeriosis?
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bacterial zoonoses
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what is leishmaniasis, amebiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiossi?
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protozoal zoonoses
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what is diphtheria, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever?
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bacterial
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what is chickenpox, poliomyelitis, viral pneumonia, mumps?
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viral
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what is enterobiasis, pinworm infection?
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nematode
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what is pediculosis?
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arthropod
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what is amebic dysentary?
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protozoal
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what is taeniasis
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cestode
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fastigium
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the period maximum severity or intensity of a disease or fever; when the feel worst
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herd immunity
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based on the notion that if the herd is mostly protected from a disease by immunization then the chance that a major epidemic will occur is limited
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etiology
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the science and study of the causes of disease and their modes of operation
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invasiveness
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the ability to get into a susceptible host and cause disease
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incubation period
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the stage of pre-symptomatic disease that begins with exposure and ends with the onset of symptoms; used n the context of acute infectious disease
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immunization
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the introduction of a substance that can cause the immune system to respond and develop antibodies against a disease
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malnutrition
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condition that arises when the body does not get the right amount of vitamins, minerals or other nutrients to maintain health tissues and proper organ function
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horizontal transmission
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transmission of infections agents from an infected individual to a susceptible contemporary
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isolation
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the separation of hosts who have a specific infectious lines from those who are healthy and the restriction of their movement to stop the spread of illness
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metabolic disease
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inherent errors of metabolism that comprise a large class of genetic diseases that involves disorders of metabolism, which is the collection of chemical changes that occur within cells during normal functioning
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latency period
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the time fro exposure to clinical symptoms; the pre symptomatic phase of disease; used in the context of chronic disease
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passive immunity
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involved the transfer of antibodies to on host produces by another host
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monitor
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to observe something over time or among populations, health status, physical conditions, or substances, in order to asses progress toward health goals or objective
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over nutrition
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the consumption of too much food, waiting too many of the wrong things, too little physical activity and exercise, or taking too many vitamins or dietary supplements
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quarantine
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the separation and restriction of the movement of persons who, although not yet ill, have been exposed to an infectious agent and may become infectious themselves
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prodromal period
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the second stage of lines and the period in which signs and symptoms of disease first appear
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vertical transmission
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transmission from an individual to its offspring though sperm, placenta, milk or vaginal fluids
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undernutrition
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a consequence of consuming too little essential vitamins, minerals and other nutrients or excreting them fester than they can be replenished
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toxin
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a poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms and capable of causing harm to the body
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viability
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the capacity of the pathogen or disease-causing agent to survive outside the host and to exist or thrive in the environment
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virulence
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the disease-evoking power of a pathogen
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activity limitations
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difficulties an individual may have in executing activities
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zoonosis
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an infection, rabies or anthrax, in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomites or a vector
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case report
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a profile of a single individual
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case series
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a small group of patients with a similar diagnosis
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categorical variables
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phenomenon not suitable for quantification but can be measured by classifying them into categories, nominal and ordinal data
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correlation coefficient
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a statistical measure of the degree to which changes to the call of one variable predict change to the value of another; denoted by r
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coefficient of determination
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the correlation coefficient squared it represents the proportion of the total variation in the dependent variable that is determined by the independent variable
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continuous data
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measurable quantities not restricted to taking on integer values, age weight and temperature
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contingency table
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where all entries are classified by each of the variables in the table
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bar charts
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commonly used for graphically displaying a frequency distribution that involves nominal or ordinal data
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age adjusted rate
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a weighted average of the age specific rates, where the weights are the proportions of persons in the correspond age groups o a standard group
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descriptive study design
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the most common types of descriptive study designs are case reports and case series, cross-sectional sure and ecological designs
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descriptive epidemiology
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provides a description of the who, what, when and where aspects of health-realted states of events in population
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data
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numerical information from selected variables, observations or measurements of a phenomenon of interest
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independent variable
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the variable that is on the x-axis and causes variation in the dependent variable
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dependent variable
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the variable that is on the y-axis and is influenced by the independent variable
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regression
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asses the association between to variables estimated the change in the dependent variable per unit change in the independent variable
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logistic regression
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describes the relationship between a categorical response variable and a set of explanatory variables.
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multiple logistic regression
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two or more independent variables are included in the model; allows to look at simultaneous effect of multiple independent variable on the dependent variables
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ecological study
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an epidemiological study where specific individual are not studied, but instead groups of individuals are compared, such as comparing injury rates from one occupation to another
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discrete data
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integers or counts that differ by fixed amounts with no intermediate values possible
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discrete variable
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its scale is limited to integers
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ordinal data
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the order among categories provides additional information, stage or grade of cancer
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proportion
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a ration in which the numerator is included in the denominator
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histogram
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a frequency distribution by discrete or continuous data
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standard deviation
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square root of variance
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variance
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the average of the squad differences of the observations from the mean
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mortality
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the epidemiological and vital statistics term for death
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outbreak
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carries the same definition as epidemic but is typically used when the event is confined to a more limited geographic area
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cross-sectional survey
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a survey conducted at a point in time, also called prevalence survey
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prevalence
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the total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time; who has the disease
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incidence
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the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease
