MasteringBio CH. 27 Hmwk 2015 – Flashcards
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Part A Which type of symmetry does each of the following animals display?
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Asymmetry: Sponge Radial Symmetry: Jelly, Hydra Bilateral: Turtle, Snake, Bobcat, Octopus
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Part B Animal tissues develop from embryonic germ layers. Triploblastic animals have three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and three basic body plans related to body cavities (acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate). Select the three statements that are true. To review the germ layers and the terminology associated with body cavities, see the Hints.
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A pseudocoelom has the same functions as a true coelom. In a coelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the tissue lining the outer side of the body cavity. A diploblast has no mesoderm.
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Part C Differences in development between protostomes and deuterostomes
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Protosome: Mouth from blastopore; Spiral, deerminate cleavage; coelom from solid masses of mesoderm Deuterstome: Anus from Blastopore; radial, indeterminate cleavage; Ceoleom from folds of archenteron. Both: Triploblast Neither: Diploblast
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Part B - Phylogeny of chordates Which statements about the phylogenetic tree are true?
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Birds and ray-finned fishes have a notochord and jaws. Rays and frogs have a vertebral column. Organism (a) is a common ancestor of all chordates. Mammals and turtles are more closely related than are lungfishes and sharks. Descendants of organism (d) have legs.
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This phylogenetic tree indicates that mammals are most closely related to _____
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reptiles
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According to this phylogenetic tree, the animals most closely related to reptiles and mammals are _____.
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amphibians
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Which one of these chordate groups lacks a post-anal tail and a notochord as adults?
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tunicates
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The common ancestor of all these chordate groups EXCEPT the _____ probably had paired appendages.
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lampreys
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Which of these is the only chordate group that has hair?
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mammals
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Humans are _______.
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Homo sapiens
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What does the distance between two white horizontal lines on this graph represent?
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What does the distance between two white horizontal lines on this graph represent?
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Which species of hominin had a brain volume closest to the brain volume of the chimpanzee?
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Australopithecus afarensis
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The body mass of the chimpanzee is approximately _______kg greater than the body mass of Australopithecus afarensis.
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10
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The ratio of brain volume to body mass of Homo ergaster is approximately _______.
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14 cm3/kg
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The brain volume of Homo sapiens is approximately _____ times as large as the brain volume of Australopithecus afarensis
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3
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Is this statement supported or not supported by the graph? For the species represented on this graph, body mass is directly proportional to brain size.
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Not Supported
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Is this statement supported or not supported by the graph? Despite having a body mass similar to that of Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis had a larger brain volume.
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Supported
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Is this statement supported or not supported by the graph? The ratio of brain volume to body mass of Homo sapiens is larger than that of Homo ergaster.
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Supported
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Scientific Skills Exercise: Understanding Experimental Design and Interpreting Data Is there evidence of selection for defensive adaptations in mollusc populations exposed to predators?
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**Becareful the answer look the same EXCEPT for ONE word**
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Part A - Understanding the experimental design Which of the following is a hypothesis the researchers were testing in this study?
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Through evolution, periwinkle populations with a history of predation by crabs have become less vulnerable to crab predation.
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Part B Identify an independent variable in this experiment.
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the source of the periwinkles (northern or southern sites in the Gulf of Maine)
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Part C Identify the dependent variable in this experiment.
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the number of periwinkles killed by crabs
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Part D Why did the researchers set up four treatments?
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to test whether the origin (northern site or southern site) of the crabs and periwinkles affected their interactions
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Part E Why did the researchers present unshelled northern and southern periwinkles to northern and southern crabs in the second experiment?
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to test if either population of periwinkles was unpalatable to either population of crabs
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Part F - Interpreting the graph Which of the following best summarizes the results shown in the graph?
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Crabs are more successful in preying on northern periwinkles.
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Part G Based on the results shown in the graph, how has natural selection affected populations of flat periwinkles in the southern Gulf of Maine over the last century?
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Southern populations of flat periwinkles have accumulated traits that make them less vulnerable than northern populations to predation by European green crabs.
